Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14697/jkase.2013.33.5.995

An Instrument Development and Validation for Measuring High School Students' Systems Thinking  

Lee, Hyonyong (Kyungpook National University)
Kwon, Hyuksoo (Kongju National University)
Park, Kyungsuk (Kyungpook National University)
Lee, Hyundong (Dalseong High School)
Publication Information
Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education / v.33, no.5, 2013 , pp. 995-1006 More about this Journal
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to develop an instrument to measure high school students' systems thinking and to validate the scale. The scale of systems thinking was made up for 5 factors - systems thinking, mental model, shared vision, personal mastery, and team learning through analyses of related literature. Six items per factor were constructed and the scale consisted of a total of 30 items for the pretest. After exploratory factor analysis, the number of total items was reduced to 20 items. For the main test, 280 students were sampled from high school and analyzed valid cases were 260 students. The finding of the exploratory factor analysis indicated 5 factors in the model, and 4 items per single factor. The result of confirmatory factor analysis was generally appropriate and acceptable (5 factor model: $x^2/df$=1.275, TLI=.946, CFI=.959, RMSEA=.033). The reliability for 20 items turned out to be reliable because the Cronbach's alphas were .840 and .604~.723 per each factor. This study should be expanded to various school levels and should be standardized for further research. The subsequent studies regarding diverse learning program development and implementation and the verification on the students' impact within the developed program can be recommended.
Keywords
systems thinking; systems thinking factor; instrument development; high school student;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 김상욱(2010). 시스템 사고와 시나리오 플래닝. 청주:충북대학교 출판부.
2 교육과학기술부(2011). 과학과 교육과정[별책 9]. 서울: 교육과학기술부.
3 교육인적자원부(2000). 고등학교 교육과정 해설: 과학. 서울: 교육인적자원부.
4 권용주, 김원정, 이효녕, 변정호, 이일선(2011). 생태계에 대한 생물교사의 시스템 사고 분석. 한국생물교육학회지, 39(4), 529-543.
5 김동환(2004). 시스템사고. 서울: 선학사.
6 김동환(2005). 시스템사고의 적용에 관한 내면적 성찰. 정부학연구, 11(2), 63-85.
7 김만희, 김범기(2002). 현대 과학교육의 동향과 시스템 사고 패러다임의 비교 연구. 한국과학교육학회지,22(1), 64-75.
8 김윤지, 정진우(2009). 지구계 교육과 소재로서 순환에 대한 이해. 한국과학교육학회지, 29(8), 951-962.
9 김윤지, 정진우, 위수민(2009). 대학생들이 인식하는 지구계 순환의 구성 개념 분석. 한국과학교육학회지,29(8), 963-977.
10 문병찬, 정진우, 경재복, 고영구, 윤석태, 김해경, 오강호(2004). 예비교사들의 탄소 순환에 대한 지구시스템의 관련개념과 시스템 사고의 적용. 한국지구과학회지, 25(8), 684-696.
11 문병찬, 김혜경(2007). 예비 초등교사들의 시스템 사고 능력 및 특성에 대한 연구. 한국 시스템 다이내믹스연구, 8(2), 235-252.
12 성태제(2011). 알기 쉬운 통계분석. 서울: 학지사.
13 송지준(2011). SPSS/AMOS 통계분석방법. 파주: 21세기사.
14 이효녕, 김승환(2009). 과학영재학생들의 사고유형에 따른 지구 시스템적 인지 특성. 과학교육연구지, 33(1),12-30.
15 이효녕(2011). 2009 개정 과학과 교육과정의 효과적인 실행을 위한 중학생들의 지구계에 대한 이해. 한국지구과학회지, 32(7), 798-808.
16 이효녕, 권용주, 오희진, 이현동(2011). 고등학생들의 시스템 사고 향상을 위한 교육프로그램 개발 및 적용: 지구온난화를 중심으로. 한국지구과학회지, 32(7), 784-797.
17 탁진국(2011). 심리검사: 개발과 평가방법의 이해. 서울: 학지사.
18 Ben-zvi-Assaraf, O., & Orion, N. (2005a). A study of junior high students' perceptions of the water cycle. Journal of Geoscience Education, 53(4), 366-373.
19 Brook, A., & Driver, R. (1984). Aspects of secondary students'understanding of energy: Summary report. Leeds, UK: University of Leeds, Centre for Studies in Science and Mathematics Education.
20 Ben-zvi-Assaraf, O., & Orion, N. (2005b). Development of system thinking skills in the context of Earth System Education. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 42(5), 518-560.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Ben-zvi-Assaraf, O., & Orion, N. (2010a). System thinking skills at the elementary school level. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 47(5), 540-563.
22 Ben-zvi-Assaraf, O., & Orion, N. (2010b). Four case studies, six years later: Developing system thinking skills in junior high school and sustaining them over time. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 47(10), 1253-1280.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Brosnan, T. (1990). Categorizing macro and micro explanations of material change. In P.L. Lijnse, P. Licht, W. de Vos, & A.J. Waarlo (eds.), Relating macroscopic phenomena to microscopic particles. (pp. 198-211). Utrecht, Holland: CD- Press.
24 Chen, D., & Stroup, W. (1993). General system theory: Toward a conceptual framework for science and technology education for all. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 2(3), 447-459.   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Dori, Y. J., & Tal, R. T. (2003). Teaching biotechnology through case studies - Can we improve higher order thinking skills of nonscience major. Science Education, 87(6), 767-793.   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Garigliano, L. (1975). SCIS: Children's understanding of the systems concept. School Science and Mathematics, 75, 245-249.   DOI
27 Driver, R., Guesne, E., & Tiberghien, A. (1985). Some features of children's ideas and their implications for teaching. In R. Driver, E. Guesne, & A. Tiberghien (eds.), Children's ideas in science. (pp. 193-201). Milton Keynes, UK: Open University Press.
28 Forrester, J. W. (1992). System dynamics and learner centered learning in kindergarten through 12th grade education. Boston, MA: Cambridge.
29 Karplus, R., & Thier, H. (1969). A new look at elementary school science; science curriculum improvement study. Chicago: Rand McNally.
30 Hill, D., & Redden, M. (1985). An investigation of the system concept. School Science and Mathematics, 85, 233-239.   DOI
31 Kali Y., Orion, N., & Eylon, B-S. (2003). Effect of knowledge integration activities on students'perception of the Earth's crust as a cyclic system. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 40(6), 545-556.   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Kim, D. H., (1999). Introduction to systems thinking. Boston, MA: Pegasus Communication.
33 Lammi, M. D. (2011). Characterizing high school students'systems thinking in engineering design through the Function-Behavior-Structure (FBS) framework. Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation Utah State University.
34 Meadows. D. H. (2008). Thinking in systems. Washington, DC: Chelsea green.
35 McNamara, C. (1998). Applied systems thinking. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the International Society for the Systems Sciences Conference.
36 National Research Council[NRC] (1996). National science education standards. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
37 National Research Council[NRC] (2012). A framework for K-12 science education: Practices, crosscutting concepts, and core ideas. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
38 National Research Council[NRC] (2013). Next generation science standards: For States, by States. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
39 Senge, P. M. (1996). The fifth discipline: Fieldbook. New York: Broadway Business.
40 O'Connor, J., & McDermmot, I. (1997). The Art of systems thinking: Essential skills for creativity and problem solving. London, UK: Thorsons Publishers.
41 Virginia, A., & Lauren, J. (1997). Systems thinking basic from concepts to causal loops. Massachusetts: Pegasus Communication.
42 Senge, P. M. (2006). The fifth discipline : The art & practice of the learning organization. New York: Crown Business.
43 Senge, P. M. (2012). Schools that learn(Updated and Revised): A fifth discipline fieldbook for educators, parents, and everyone who cares about education. New York: Doubleday.
44 Sweeney, M. (2010). The systems thinking playbook. Washington, DC: Chelsea Green.