Analysis of Physics Problem Solving Processes According to Cognitive Style

The purpose of this study was to analyze physics problem solving processes according to students' cognitive style in the area of 'Force and Motion' at high school level. Students who have already learned t e area of 'Force and Motion' during the first semester of the 10th grade have taken physics test and cognitive style test to choose students who have basic knowledge of physics and reflective or impulsive style. Four students who got over 19 points in the cognitive style test were selected as reflective students, and another four students who got below 12 points were selected as impulsive students. After explaining the purpose and procedure of this study, think-aloud method was introduced to the students, and the students practiced it. After that, the students solved three quantitative and qualitative problems each. Then, the questionnaire on the belief system on physics and physics problem solving and prerequisite knowledge test were also administered. By recording the students' problem solving processes, protocol was made and analyzed. After solving the problems, the students expressed their confidence, intimacy, and preference on each problem by the five point Likert scale. Impulsive students tended to succeed in solving more problems, less intimate, and more spontaneous and positive in seeking alternative solution when confronted with unacquainted problems. On the other hand, reflective students used more time in executing the problems even without planning, and used more time in solving problems and verification. Whether making effective plan or not was important rather than how much time they used in the planning step. In addition, repeating steps were more likely shown to impulsive students; they tended to be attached to their first idea.

학생들의 인지양식에 따른 물리 문제해결과정 분석

본 연구에서는 '힘과 운동'에 관한 문제들을 충동성-사려성의 인지양식을 가진 해결자가 어떻게 해결하는가를 해결과정분석을 통해 비교해보고자 하였다. 여자고등학교 1학년 학생을 대상으로 1학기 성적이 상위 10%에 들어가고 역학문제 성취도가 높고, 인지양식검사에서 충동성과 사려성이 강하게 나타나는 학생들 8명을 선정하였다. 학생들에게 발성사고법을 연습시키고, 해당내용을 복습하게 한 다음, 여섯 문제를 풀게 하였다. 마지막 만남에서는 회상적 면담을 하였고, 해답에 대한 자신감, 문제의 친밀도와 선호도를 조사하였다. 연구 결과, 더 풍부한 물리적 지식을 보유하고 있는 충동적인 학생들이 그렇지 못한 사려적인 학생들 보다 더 많이 문제해결에 성공하였고, 사려적인 학생들은 천천히 주의 깊게 수행하였으므로 문제해결에 더 많은 시간이 걸렸다. 특히 이해, 실행, 검증 단계에 더 많은 시간을 사용하였다. 그리고, 문제해결에 있어서 단계를 반복하는 것은 충동적인 학생에게서 더 많이 나타났다. 그들은 첫 번째 아이디어에 집착하는 경향이 있었다. 충동적인 학생들은 사려적인 학생들보다 문제를 더 생소해 했으나, 자신감이나 선호도에는 차이가 없었다.