Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/jmb.0809.542

Structural Characteristics of Immunostimulating Polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes  

Lee, Hee-Hwan (Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Kangwon National University)
Lee, Jong-Seok (Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Kangwon National University)
Cho, Jae-Yeol (School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, and Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University)
Kim, Young-Eon (Korea Food Research Institute)
Hong, Eock-Kee (Department of Bioengineering and Technology, Kangwon National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology / v.19, no.5, 2009 , pp. 455-461 More about this Journal
Abstract
There is a significant amount of experimental evidence suggesting that polysaccharides from mushrooms enhance the host immune system by activating various mechanisms in immune cells, including macrophages. In this study, polysaccharides from Lentinus edodes were found to stimulate the functional activation of macrophages to secrete inflammatory mediators and cytokines and increase the phagocytotic uptake. The chemical properties of the stimulatory polysaccharides, CPFN-G-I, CPBN-G, and CPBA-G, were determined based on their monosaccharide composition, which mainly consisted of glucose and mannose. According to FT-IR and GC/MS, the structure of CPFN-G-I, purified from the fruiting body of L. edodes, was found to consist of a $\beta$-1,6-branched-$\beta$-1,4-glucan, whereas CPBN-G and CPBA-G, purified from the liquid culture broth, were found to be composed of a heteromannan. The configuration of the p-linkage and triple helical conformation of each polysaccharide were confirmed using a Fungi-Fluor kit and Congo red, respectively.
Keywords
Lentinus edodes; immunostimulating polysaccharide; mushroom-derived $\beta$-glucan; triple helical conformation; Congo red; structural analysis;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By Web Of Science : 3  (Related Records In Web of Science)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Benzamini, E. and S. Leskowitz. 1991. Immunology: A Short Course pp. 51-58. Wiley-Liss Inc
2 Blumenkrantz, N. and G. Asboe-Hansen. 1973. New method for quantitative determination of uronic acids. Anal. Biochem. 54:484-489   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Bradford, M. M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72: 248-254   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
4 Chaplin, M. F. and J. F. Kennedy. 1986. Carbohydrate Analysis. A Practical Approach. Oxford IRL Press
5 Choi, D. B., S. S. Park, J. L. Ding, and W. S. Cha. 2007. Effects of Fomitopsis pinicola extracts on antioxidants and antitumor activities. Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng. 5: 516-524   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Dennert, G. and D. Tucker. 1973. Antitumor polysaccharide lentinan. A T cell adjuvant. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 51: 1727-1729   DOI   PUBMED
7 Duperrier, K., A. Eljaafari, C. Dezutter-Dambuyant, C. Bardin, C. Jacquet, K. Yoneda, D. Schmitt, L. Gebuhrer, and D. Rigal. 2000. Distinct subsets of dendritic cells resembling dermal DCs can be generated in vitro from monocytes, in the presence of different serum supplements. J. Immunol. Methods 238: 119-131   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
8 Han, M. D., E. S. Lee, Y. K. Kim, J. W. Lee, H. Jeong, and K. H. Yoon. 1998. Production of nitric oxide in RAW 264.7 macrophages treated with ganoderan, the beta-glucan of Ganoderma lucidium. Kor. J. Mycol. 26: 246-255   과학기술학회마을
9 Han, M. D., J. W. Lee, H. Jeong, S. K. Chung, S. Y. Lee, and K. H. Yoon. 1995. The effect of carbon sources on antitumor and anticomplementary activities of Ganoderma lucidium IY009. Kor. J. Mycol. 23: 209-225   과학기술학회마을
10 Hyde, K. D., E. B. G. Jones, and S. T. Moss. 1986. Mycellial adhesion to surfaces, pp. 331-340. In S. T. Moss (ed.). The Biology of the Marine Fungi. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
11 Lee, D. G., J. W. Hyun, K. A. Kang, J. O. Lee, S. H. Lee, B. J. Ha, J. M. Ha, E. Y. Lee, and J. H. Lee. 2004. Ulva lactuca: A potential seaweed for tumor treatment and immune stimulation. Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng. 3: 236-238   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Rolf, D. and G. R. Gray. 1982. Reductive cleavage of glycosides. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 104: 3539-3541   DOI
13 Ryu, K., K. Y. Lee, and E. K. Lee. 2001. The structure analysis and biosynthesis of $\beta$-glucan by Alcaligenes faecalis. Kor. J. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 16: 409-414   과학기술학회마을   ScienceOn
14 Ogawa, K. and M. Hatano. 1978. Circular dichroism of the complex of a (1$\rightarrow$3)-$\beta$-D-glucan with Congo red. Carbohydr. Res. 67: 527-535   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Stuehr, D. J. and C. F. Nathan. 1989. Nitric oxide. A macrophage product responsible for cytostasis and respiratory inhibition in tumor target cells. J. Exp. Med. 169: 1543-1555   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Ohno, N., N. N. Miura, N. Chiba, Y. Adachi, and T. Yadomae. 1995. Comparison of the immunopharmacological activities of triple and single-helical schizophyllan in mice. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 18: 1242-1247   DOI   ScienceOn
17 Ciucanu, I. and F. Kerek. 1984. A simple and rapid method for the permethylation of carbohydrates. Carbohydr. Res. 131: 209-217   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Hamuro, J. and H. Wagner. 1978. $\beta$-1,3-Glucan-mediated augmentation of alloreactive murine cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in vivo. Cancer Res. 38: 3080-3085   PUBMED   ScienceOn
19 MacMicking, J., Q. W. Xie, and C. Nathan. 1997. Nitric oxide and macrophage function. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 15: 323-350   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Nathan, C. F., S. C. Silverstein, L. H. Brukner, and Z. A. Cohn. 1979. Extracellular cytolysis by activated macrophages and granulocytes. II. Hydrogen peroxide as a mediator of cytotoxicity. J. Exp. Med. 149: 100-113   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Yadomae, T. and N. Ohno. 1996. Structure-activity relationship of immunomodulating (1-3)-$\beta$-D-glucan. Recent Res. Dev. Chem. Pharm. Sci. 1:23-33
22 Hamuro, J. and G. Chihara. 1984. Lentinan, a T-cell oriented immunopotentiator, pp. 409-436. In R. L. Fenichel (ed.). Modulation Agents and their Mechanisms. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York and Basel
23 Tamura, R., K. Tanebe, C. Kawanishi, K. Torii, and T. Ono. 1997. Effects of lentinan on abnormal ingestive behaviors induced by tumor necrosis factor. Physiol. Behav. 61: 399-410   DOI   ScienceOn
24 Ogawa, K., J. Tsurugi, and T. Watanabe. 1973. The dependence of the conformation of a (1$\rightarrow$3)-$\beta$-D-glucan on chain-length in alkaline solution. Carbohydr. Res. 29: 397-403   DOI   ScienceOn
25 Dische, Z. 1962. Color reactions of hexosamines. pp. 507-512. In: Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry I. Academic Press
26 Hibbs Jr., J. B. 1976. The macrophages as tumoricidal effector cells: A review of in vivo and in vitro studies on the mechanism of the activated macrophages nonspecific cytotoxic reaction, pp. 83-91. In M. A. Fink (ed.). The Macrophages in Neoplasia. Academic Press, New York
27 Carmichael, J., W. G. DeGraff, A. F. Gazdar, J. D. Minna, and J. B. Mitchell. 1987. Evaluation of a tetrazolium-based semiautomated colorimetric assay: Assessment of chemosensitivity testing. Cancer Res. 47: 936-942   PUBMED   ScienceOn
28 Cho, J. Y., K. U. Baik, J. H. Jung, and M. H. Park. 2000. In vitro anti- nflammatory effects of cynaropicrin, a sesquiterpene lactone, from Saussurea lappa. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 398: 399-407   DOI   ScienceOn
29 Shu, C. H., B. J. Wen, and K. J. Lin. 2003. Monitoring the polysaccharide quality of Agaricus blazei in submerged culture by examining molecular weight distribution and TNF-α release capability of macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Biotechnol. Lett. 25: 2061-2064   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Girotti, M., J. H. Evans, D. Burke, and C. C. Leslie. 2004. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 translocates to forming phagosomes during phagocytosis of zymosan in macrophages. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 19113-19121   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Cha, W. S., M. Y. Lee, B. S. Cho, and S. Y. Park. 2004. A study on the composition of seasoning using Lentinus edodes. J. Life Sci. 14: 829-833   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Franz, G. 1989. Polysaccharides in pharmacy: Current applications and future concepts. Planta Med. 55: 493-497   DOI   PUBMED   ScienceOn
33 Lee, J. Y., J. Y. Kim, Y. G. Lee, M. H. Rhee, E. K. Hong, and J. Y. Cho. 2008. Molecular mechanism of macrophage activation by exopolysaccharides from liquid culture of Lentinus edodes. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 18: 355-364   PUBMED   ScienceOn
34 Takahashi, K., M. Yamazaki, and S. Abe. 1988. Local induction of a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like cytotoxic factor in murine tissues with tumorous and nontumorous inflammation after systemic administration of antitumor polysaccharides. J. Pharmacobiodyn. 11: 472-478   DOI   PUBMED