Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2015.10.25.5.830

Physicochemical Characteristics and Antioxidant activities of Sikhye Made with Pigmented Rice  

Yang, Ji-won (Korea Food Research Institute, Division of Functional Food Research, Research Group of Bioprocess Engineering)
Kim, Young Eon (Korea Food Research Institute, Division of Functional Food Research, Research Group of Bioprocess Engineering)
Lee, Kyung Hee (Dept. of Food Service Management, Kyunghee University)
Publication Information
Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life / v.25, no.5, 2015 , pp. 830-841 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study compared the physicochemical characteristics, proximate composition, taste compound and antioxidant properties of Sikhye prepared with pigmented rice. Proximate composition showed a significant difference depending on the type of pigmented rice except crude fat contents and pH, color was a significant difference depending on the type of pigmented rice. The highest brix degree was $15.07^{\circ}Brix$ in red and black rice Sikhye. Each highest value of reducing sugar and free sugar content showed milled rice and brown rice Sikhye. Titratable acidity and total acidity of the pigmented rice Sikhye were highest for black rice Sikhye, free sugar content were highest for green rice Sikhye. Analysis of their relative antioxidative properties indicated that black rice Sikhye had the highest total polyphenol, flavonoid, and anthocyanin content, the highest levels of DPPH radical scavenging ability, and the highest level of reducing power and ferric reducing ability of plasma scores. Principal component analysis suggested that black rice Sikhye had a strong association with antioxidant properties, brown and red rice Sikhye had the strongest association with the sweetness and unique flavor.
Keywords
Quality characteristics; Sikhye; pigmented rice; antioxidant;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 14  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Abdel-Aal el-SM, Young JC, Rabalski I (2006) Anthocyanin composition in black, blue, purple, and red cereal grains. J Agric Food Chem 54: 696-4704.
2 Ahn DK (1998) Illustrated Book of Korean Medicinal Herbs. pp. 496-630. Kyohak Publishers Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea.
3 AOAC (2000) Official Methods of Analysis. 15th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington D.C, USA.
4 AOAC (2005) Official Methods of Analysis, Total Monomeric Anthocyanin Pigment Content of Fruit Juices, Beverages, Natural Colorants, and Wines by the pH Differential Method. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington D.C, USA. Vol. 02.
5 Benzie IFF, Strain JJ (1996) The ferric reducing ability of plasma(FRAP) as a measure of "antioxidant power": The FRAP assay. Anal Biochem 239: 70-76.   DOI
6 Brand-Williams W, Cuvelier ME, Berset C (1995) Use of free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity. Lebenson Wiss Technol 28: 25-30.   DOI
7 Chang YK, Kim EM, Kim SY (1994) Effect of guar gum levels in Backsulgies on plasma glucose and insulin in healthy men. Korean J Home Economics 32: 207-216.
8 Cho JA, Cho HJ (2000) Quality properties of Injulmi made with black rice. Korean J Soc Food Sci 16: 226-231.
9 Cho KM, Joo OS (2010) Manufacture of Sikhe(a traditional Korean baverage) using corn silk extracts. Korean J Food Preserv 17: 644-651.
10 Cho SH (1990) A study on the production of malt and Sikhae. Korean J Food Cook Sci 6: 77-83.
11 Choi C, Woo HS, An BJ, Cho YJ, Kim S (1995) Change of organic acids and volatile flavor compounds of traditional Andong Sikhe. Korean J Dietary Culture 10: 11-17.
12 Choi MS, Jung EH, Hyun TS (2002) Perception and preference of Korean traditional foods by elementary school students in Chungbuk province. J Korean Soc of Food Cult 17: 399-410.
13 Choi SW, Nam SH, Choi HC (1994) Antioxidative acticity of ethanolic extracts of rice bran. Foods and Biotech 5: 305-309.
14 Ha TY, Park SH, Lee SH, Kim DC (1999) Gelatinization properties of pigmented rice varieties. Korean J Food Sci Technol 31: 564-567.
15 Jeon ER, Kim KA, Jung LH (1998) Morphological changes of cooked rice kernel during saccharification for Sikhe. Korean J Soc Food Sci 14: 91-96.
16 Jeong MS, Ko JY, Song SB, Lee JS, Jung TW, Yoon YH, Oh IS, Woo KS (2014) Physicochemical characteristics of Sikhye(Korean traditional rice beverage) using foxtail millet, proso millet, and sorghum. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 43: 1785-1790.   DOI
17 Jeong SI, Yu HH (2013) Quality characteristics of Sikhe prepared with the roots powder of Doraji(Platycodon grandiflorum A. DE. Candolle). J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 42: 759-765.   DOI
18 Joe AR, Ahn SY (1996) Effect of addition of enzyme-resistant starch on texture characteristics of corn bread. Korean J Soc Food Sci 12: 207-213.
19 Jung DS, Lee FZ, Eun JB (2002) Quality properties of bread made of wheat flour and black rice flour. Korean J Food Sci Technol 34: 232-237.
20 Kang MJ, Ju JC, Shin JH (2013) Quality characteristics of Sikhye prepared wit garlic powder and steamed garlic powder. J Agric Life Sci 47: 247-255.
21 Kang MY, Shin SY, Nam SH (2003) Correlation of antioxidant and antimutagenic activity with content of pigments and phenolic compounds of colored rice seeds. Korean J Food Sci Technol 35: 968-974.
22 Kim DW, Eun JB, Rhee CO (1998) Cooking conditions and textural changes of cooked rice added with black rice. Korean J Food Sci Technol 30: 562-568.
23 Kim EO, Oh JH, Lee KT, Im JG, Kim SS, Suh HS, Choi SW (2008) Chemical compositions and antioxidant activity of the colored rice cultivars. Korean J Food Preserv 15: 118-124.
24 Kim JD, Lee JC, Hsieh FH, Eun JB (2001) Rice cake production using black rice and medium-grain brown rice. Food Sci Biotechnol 10: 315-322.
25 Kim JH, Nam SH, Kim MH, Sohn JK, Kang MY (2007) Cooking properties of rice with pigmented rice bran extract. Korean J Crop Sci 52: 60-68.
26 Kim KJ, Woo KS, Lee JS, Chun A, Choi YH, Song J, Suh SJ, Kim SL Jeong HS (2008) Physicochemical characteristics of Sikhye(Korean traditional rice beverage) with specialty rice varieties. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 37: 1523-1528.   DOI
27 Kim KS, Lee JK (1999) Effect of addition ratio of pigmented rice on the quality characteristics of Seolgiddeok. Korean J Soc Food Sci 15: 507-511.
28 Kim SK, Kim JM, Choi YB (2000) Effect of Sikhye manufacturing conditions on the rice shape. Korean J Dietary Culture 15: 1-8.
29 Kim YD, Ha KY, Lee KB, Shin HT, Cho SY (1998) Varietal variation of anthocyanin content and physicochemical properties in colored rice. Korean J Breed 30: 305-308.
30 Kim YS, Kim JH, Oh SD (2004) Sensory evaluation for Sikhye, a Korean traditional rice beverage, using glutinous rice, non-glutinous rice, or black rice. J Health Sci & Med Technol 30: 75-83.
31 Koca I, Karadeniz B (2009) Antioxidant properties of blackberry and blueberry fruits grown in the black sea region of Turkey. Sci Horti 121: 447-450.   DOI
32 Kwak TS, Park HJ, Jung WT, Choi JW (1999) Antioxidative and hepatoprotective activity of coloured-scented and Korean native rice varieties based on different layers. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 28: 191-198.
33 Lee JH (2011) Quality of Sikhe incorporated with hot eater extract of Omija(Schisandra chinensis Baillon) fruit. Food Engineering Progress 15: 80-84.
34 Min SH (2009) Quality characteristics of Sikhe prepared with Astragalus membranaceus water extracts. J East Asian Soc Dietary Life 19: 216-223.
35 Nam SH, Kang MY (1997) In vitro inhibitory effect of colored rice bran extracts carcinogenicity. J Korean Soc Agric Chem Biotechnol 40: 307-312.
36 Nam SH, Kang MY (1998) Comparison of inhibitory effect of rice bran-extaracts of the colored rice cultivars on carcinogenesis. J Korean Soc Agric Chem Biotechnol 41: 78-83.
37 Nam SJ, Kim KO (1989) Characteristics of Sikhye(Korean traditional drink) made with different amount of cooked rice and malt and with different sweeteners. Korean J Food Sci Technol 21: 197-202.
38 Oh SK, Choi HC (1996) Extraction method of anthocytanin and tannin pigments in colored rice. J Korean Soc Agric Chem Biotechnol 39: 327-331.
39 Park EJ, Kim HJ, Kim JM, Chun HS (1997) Antiulcerative effect of Sikhe on stomach ulcer induced by ethanol. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 26: 98-102.
40 Oyaizu, M. (1986) Studies on products of browning reactions:antioxidative activities of products of browning reaction prepared from glucosamine. Jpn J Nutr 44: 307-315.   DOI
41 Park MK, Lee JM, Park CH (2002) Comparisons on the quality characteristics of pigmented rice Cholpyon with those of brown and white rice. Korean J Food Cook Sci 18: 471-475.
42 Park SI (2006) Application of green tea powder for Sikhe preparation. Korean J Food Nutr 19: 227-233.
43 Seo SJ, Choi Y, Lee SM, Kim KJ, Son JR, Lee J (2007) Determination of selected antioxidant compounds in specialty rice. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 36: 499-502.   DOI
44 Seo SJ, Choi Y, Lee SM, Kong S, Lee J (2008) Antioxidant activities and antioxidant compounds of some specialty rices. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 37: 129-135.   DOI
45 Shen Y, Jin L, Xiao P, Lu Y, Bao J (2009) Total phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant capacity in rice grain and their relations to grain color, size and weight. J Cereal Sci 49: 106-111.   DOI
46 Suh HJ, Chung SH, Whang JH (1997) Characteristics of Sikhye produced with malt of naked barley, covered barley and wheat. Korean J Food Sci Technol 29: 716-721.
47 Suh HJ, Lee JM, Cho JS, Kim YS, Chung SH (1999) Radical scavenging compounds in onion skin. Food Res Int 32: 659-664.   DOI
48 Swain T, Hillis WE (1959) The phenolic constituents of Prunus domestica I-the quantitative analysis of phenolic constituents. J Sci Food Agric 10: 63-68.   DOI
49 Wang H, Cao G, Prior RL (1997) Oxygen radical absorbing capacity of anthocyanins. J Agric Food Chem 45: 304-309.   DOI
50 Tsuda T, Horio F, Osawa T (1998) Dietary cyanidine-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside increases ex vivo oxidation resistance of serum in rats. Lipids 33: 523-528.
51 Yook C and Cho SC (1996) Application of heat/moisture-treated rices for Sikhe preparation. Korean J Food Sci Technol 28: 1119-1125.
52 Yoon JM, Cho MH, Hahn TR, Paik YS, Yoon HH (1997) Physicochemical stability of anthocyanins from a Korean pigmented rice variety as natural food colorants. Korean J Food Sci Technol 29: 211-217.
53 Yoon SJ (2004) The Rice Cake, Cookie, Drink in Korean Traditional Food. Jigu pubushing Co., Seoul. pp. 288-291, 318-319.
54 Yun HY, Paik YS, Kim JB, Hahn TR (1995) Idntification of anthocyanins from Korean pigmented rice. J Korean Soc Agric Chem Biotechnol 38: 581-583.