Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2011.31.2.280

Effect of Backfat Thickness on the Carcass Grade Factors and Carcass Price in Hanwoo Cows and Steers  

Lee, Jong-Moon (National Institute of Animal Science, RDA)
Choe, Ju-Hui (Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University)
Park, Hyun-Kyung (National Institute of Animal Science, RDA)
Kim, Yuen-Ho (National Institute of Animal Science, RDA)
Park, Beom-Young (National Institute of Animal Science, RDA)
Kim, Kwan-Tae (Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation)
Koh, Kyung-Chul (Korea Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation)
Seo, Sang-Chul (National Institute of Animal Science, RDA)
Hwang, Kyu-Seok (National Institute of Animal Science, RDA)
Publication Information
Food Science of Animal Resources / v.31, no.2, 2011 , pp. 280-289 More about this Journal
Abstract
Analyses were conducted to estimate the effect of backfat thickness (BFT) on carcass grade factors and carcass price in Hanwoo cows and steers. Data on grade factors and prices were collected from 69,159 Hanwoo carcasses (n = 13,376 cows, n = 55,783 steers) abtained at the Nonghyup Seoul slaughter house in 2009. Carcass BFTs were divided into nine categories from ${\leq}$ 3 mm to ${\qeq}$ 25 mm. The average BFTs were 11.93 mm in cows and 12.57 mm in steers. An increase in the BFT resulted in an increase in carcass weight, loin-eye area, skeletal maturity, fat color, but decreases in the yield index and yield grade (from grade A to C) in cows and steers. Carcass unit price (Won/kg) improved if the carcass was sold with a BFT of 13-15 mm in cows and 10-12 mm in steers. Marbling score and quality grade increased significantly to 21 mm BFT but decreased from a BFT of 22 mm in cows and steers. BFT was significantly correlated with yield index (cow, r = $-0.97^{**}$; steer, r = $-0.96^{**}$), marbling score (cow, r = $0.20^{**}$; steer, r = $0.14^{**}$), and carcass price (cow, r = $0.03^{**}$; steer, r = $-0.11^{**}$). These results could be used as a fundamental dataset for further research to increase the productivity of Hanwoo carcasses.
Keywords
Hanwoo; cow; steer; backfat thickness; carcass grade; carcass price;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
Times Cited By Web Of Science : 0  (Related Records In Web of Science)
Times Cited By SCOPUS : 0
연도 인용수 순위
1 USDA (2010) Agricultural baseline projections: Summary of projections, 2010-2019. Available from: www.ers.usda.gov/briefing/Baseline/summary.htm. Accessed 2010.
2 Voges, K. L., Pfeiffer, K. D., Baird, B. E., King, D. A., Johnson, H. K., Griffin, D. B., and Savell, J. W. (2006) Retail cutting characteristics for US Choice and US Select beef. Meat Sci. 73, 116-131.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Wheeler, T. L., Cundiff, L. V., Shackelford, S. D., and Koohmaraie, M. (2005) Characterization of biological types of cattle (Cycle VII): Carcass, yield, and longissimus palatability traits. J. Anim. Sci. 83, 196-207.
4 Pflanzer, S. B. and Felício, P. E. (2011) Moisture and fat content, marbling level and color of boneless rib cut from Nellore steers varying in maturity and fatness. Meat Sci. 87, 7-11.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Priyanto, R., Johnsona, E. R., and Taylo, D. G. (1997) Investigations into the accuracy of prediction of beef carcass composition using subcutaneous fat thickness and carcass weight. Identifying problems. Meat Sci. 46, 147-157.   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Reinhardt, C. D., Busby, W. D., and Corah, L. R. (2009) Relationship of various incoming cattle traits with feedlot performance and carcass traits. J. Anim. Sci. 87, 3030-3042.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Riley, R. R., Savell, J. W., Murphey, C. E., Smith, G. C., Stiffler, D. M., and Cross, H. R. (1983) Palatability of beef from steer and young bull carcass as influenced by electrical stimulation, subcutaneous fat thickness and marbling. J. Anim. Sci. 56, 592-597.
8 SAS (2010) SAS /STAT Software for PC. Realease 9.2 SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA.
9 Sawyer, J. E., Mathis C. P., and Davis. B. (2004) Effects of feeding strategy and age on live animal performance, carcass characteristics, and economics of short-term feeding programs for culled beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 82, 3646-3653.
10 Shojo, M., Okanishi, T., Anada, K., Oyama, K., and Mukai, F. (2006) Genetic analysis of calf market weight and carcass traits in Japanese Black cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 84, 2617-2622.   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Martínez, A., Aldai, N., Celaya, R., and Osoro, K. (2010) Effect of breed body size and the muscular hypertrophy gene in the production and carcass traits of concentrate-finished yearling bulls. J. Anim. Sci. 88, 1229-1239.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Smith, R, L. and Oltgen, J. W. (1996) Advanced genetics and value- based marketing. Cow-calf quality assurance hand book. University of California Cooperative Extension, US, pp. 10-100.
13 USDA (1997) United States standards for grades of carcass beef. Effective date January 31, 1997. United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Marketing Service, Livestock and Seed Division. 1-17
14 Lorenzen, C. L., Hale, D. S., Griffin, D. B., Savell, J. W., Belk, K. E., Frederick, T. L., Miller, M. F., Montgomery, T. H., and Smith, G. C. (1993) National beef quality audit: Survey of producer- related defects and carcass quality and quantity attributes. J. Anim. Sci. 71, 1495-1502.
15 May, S. G., Mies, W. L., Edwards, J. W., Williams, F. L., Wise, J. W., Morgan, J. B., Savell, J. W., and Cross, H. R. (1992) Beef carcass composition of slaughter cattle differing in frame size, muscle score, and external fatness. J. Anim. Sci. 70, 2431-2445.
16 MIFAFF (Ministry for Food Agriculture Forestry and Fishery) (2010) National survey of meat distribution in Korea. Vol. 19, pp. 266.
17 Montgomery, J. L., Krehbiel, C. R., Cranston, J. J., Yates, D. A., Hutcheson, J. P., Nichols, W. T., Streeter, M. N., Swingle, R. S., and Montgomery, T. H. (2009) Effects of dietary zilpaterol hydrochloride on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers fed with and without monensin and tylosin. J. Anim. Sci. 87, 1013-1023.
18 Moon, S. S., Yang, H. S., Park, G. B., and Joo, S. T. (2006) The relationship of physiological maturity and marbling judged according to Korean grading system to meat quality traits of Hanwoo beef females. Meat Sci, 74, 516-521.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Park, G. B., Moon, S. S., Ko, Y. D., Ha, J. K., Lee, J. G., Chang, H. H., and Joo, S. T. (2002) Influence of slaughter weight and sex on yield and quality grades of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) carcasses. J. Anim. Sci. 80, 129-136.
20 Nogi, T., Honda, T., Mukai, F., Okagaki, T., and Oyama, K. (2011) Heritabilities and genetic correlations of fatty acid compositions in longissimus muscle lipid with carcass traits in Japanese Black cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 89, 615-621.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 Holmer, S. F., Holmer, L. W., Kutzler, F., McKeith, K., and Killefer, J. (2009) Sodium citrate as a replacement for sodium chloride in a brine solution when evaluated in cows of different backfat thickness. Meat Sci. 81, 349-356   DOI   ScienceOn
22 Indurain, G., Carr, T. R., Goni, M. V., Insausti, K., and Beriain, M. J. (2009) The relationship of carcass measurements to carcass composition and intramuscular fat in Spanish beef. Meat Sci. 82, 155-161.   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Jeremiah. L. E. (1996) The influence of subcutaneous fat thickness and marbling on beef: Palatability and consumer acceptability. Food Res. Int. 29, 513-520.   DOI   ScienceOn
24 JMGA (1988) New Beef Carcass Grading Standards. Jpn. Meat Grading Assoc., Tokyo, Japan.
25 KAPE (Korea institute for animal products quality evaluation) (2009) Animal products grading statistical yearbook. Korea, pp. 166-167.
26 Killinger, K. M., Calkins, C. R., Umberger, W. J., Feuz, D. M., and Eskridge, K. M. (2004) Consumer visual preference and value for beef steaks differing in marbling level and color. J. Anim. Sci. 82, 3288-3293.
27 King, D. A., Morgan, W. W., Miller, R. K., Sanders, J. O., Lunt, D. K., Taylor, J. F., Gill, C. A., and Savell, J. W. (2006) Carcass merit between and among family groups of Bos indicus crossbred steers and heifers. Meat Sci. 72, 496-502.   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Dikeman, M. E., Cundiff, L. V., Gregory, K. E., Kemp, K. E., and Koch, R. M. (1998) Relative contributions of subcutaneous and intermuscular fat to yields and predictability of retail product, fat trim, and bone in beef carcasses. J. Anim. Sci. 76, 1604-1612.
29 Lawrence, T. E., Farrow, R. L., Zollinger, B. L., and Spivey, K. S. (2008) Technical note: The United States Department of Agriculture beef yield grade equation requires modification to reflect the current longissimus muscle area to hot carcass weight relationship. J. Anim. Sci. 86, 1434-1438.   DOI   ScienceOn
30 Lee, J. M., Hah, K. H., Kim, J. H., Cho, S. H., Seong, P. N., Chong, M. Y., Cho, Y. M., Park, B. Y., Kim, D.H., and Ahn, J. N. (2008) Study on the carcass yield grade traits and prediction of retail product weight in Hanwoo. Korean J. Food Sci. Ani. Resour. 28, 604-609.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
31 Dunne, P. G., Monahan, F. J., O'Mara, F. P., and Moloney, A. P. (2009) Colour of bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue: A review of contributory factors, associations with carcass and meat quality and its potential utility in authentication of dietary history. Meat Sci. 81, 28-45.   DOI   ScienceOn
32 Farrow, R. L., Loneragan, G. H., Pauli, J. W., and Lawrence, T. E. (2009) An exploratory observational study to develop an improved method for quantifying beef carcass salable meat yield. Meat Sci. 82, 143-150.   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Fausti, S., Qasmi, B., and Diersen, M. (2008) Grid marketing and beef carcass quality: A discussion of issues and trends. Economics Staff Paper No 2008-3. Department of Economics, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD USA, pp. 1-29.
34 Fiems, L. O., De Campeneere, S., De Smet, S., Van de Voorde, G., Vanacker, J. M., and Boucqué., C. V. (2000) Relationship between fat depots in carcasses of beef bulls and effect on meat colour and tenderness. Meat Sci. 56, 41-47   DOI   ScienceOn
35 AHDB (2008) Review of the EU carcass classification system for beef and sheep (EPES 0708/01). A report for DEFRA. Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board Industry Consulting. pp. 91-97.
36 Garcia, L. G., Nicholson, K. L., Hoffman, T. W., Lawrence, T. E., Hale, D. S., Griffin, D. B., Savell, J. W., VanOverbeke, D. L., Morgan, J. B., Belk, K. E., Field, T. G., Scanga, J. A., Tatum, J. D., and Smith, G. C. (2008) National beef quality audit-2005: Survey of targeted cattle and carcass characteristics related to quality, quantity, and value of fed steers and heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 86, 3533-3543.   DOI   ScienceOn
37 Gotoh, T., Albrecht, E., Teuscher, F., Kawabata, K., Sakashita, K., Iwamoto, H., and Wegner, J. (2009) Differences in muscle and fat accretion in Japanese Black and European cattle. Meat Sci. 82, 300-308.   DOI   ScienceOn
38 Harper, G. S. and Pethick, D. W. (2004) How might marbling begin? Austral. J. Exp. Agr. 44, 653-662.   DOI   ScienceOn
39 Aldei, N., Nájera, A. I., Dugan, M. E. R., Celaya, R., and Osoro, K. (2007) Characterisation of intramuscular, intermusclar and subcutaneous adipose tissues in yearling bulls of different genetic groups. Meat Sci. 76, 682- 691.   DOI   ScienceOn
40 Amer, P. R., Kemp, R. A., Buchanan-Smith, J. G., Fox, G. C., and Smith, C. (1994) A bioeconomic model for comparing beef cattle genotypes at their optimal economic slaughter end point. J. Anim. Sci. 72, 38-50.
41 APGS (2004) Animal Products Grading Service. Annual report. pp. 241.
42 Apple, J. K., Davis, J. C., Stephenson, J., Hankins, J. E., Davis, J. R., and Beat, S. L. (1999) Influence of body condition score on carcass characteristics and subprimal yield from cull beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 77, 2660-2669.
43 Cranwell, C. D., Unruh, J. A., Brethour, J. R., Simms, D. D., and Campbell, R. E. (1996) Influence of steroid implants and concentrate feeding on performance and carcass composition of cull beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 74, 1770-1776.
44 Boles, J. A., Boss, D. L., Neary, K. I., Davis, K. C., and Tess, M. W. (2009) Growth implants reduced tenderness of steaks from steers and heifers with different genetic potentials for growth and marbling. J. Anim. Sci. 87, 269-274.
45 Brethour. J. R. (2004) The relationship of average backfat thickness of feedlot steers to performance and relative efficiency of fat and protein retention. J. Anim. Sci. 82, 3366-3372.