This study was carried out to simulate the change of various properties of recycled water when zero-discharge system was applied to a KOCC recycling process. contaminants such as chemical oxygen demand, anionic trash, and calcium hardness were gradually increased in the process water as the recycling was repeated . Especially, the increase of anionic trash and COD were closely related to the starch derived from corrugating adhesive in KOCC. Four kinds of water were compared in the preparation of handsheet to evaluate the performance of retention program. Waters used in this work were laboratory tab water, process water from Dong-II mill and the same one treated by UASB process, and closed white water prepared by KRICT. The result revealed that one the major factors fro reducing a retention power was the anioni trash accumulated in the recycled water.

The effects of Condebelt press drying on the densification of recycled sheets made from KOCC , AOCC UKP and BKP were examined using CLSM (Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope) and thermal image analysis techniques. It was shown that significant improvement in sheet density, compression strength, tensile strength, surface smoothness was obtained by Condebelt drying. Densification effect by press drying was most prominent for recycled KOCC sheets. And this beneficial effect of Condebelt drying of increasing sheet density and strength was shown to provide opportunities of reducing the utilization ratio of AOCC for cost saving.

The quantitative analysis of SB latex contents in coating color and coated paper was investigated with FT/Raman spectroscopy. From the measured FT/IR and FT/Ramon spectra, the peaks of coating color were compared with those of each compoents . Calibration curves were obtained by the area of latex peaks and PLS method of QuantIR program. The relation of predicted values in PLS method and actual values in coating mixtures and coating layer was examined. The components of coating layer in coated paper were investigated by EDS , X-mapping and SEM, The contents of latex in z-direction were calculated in the coating layer of unknown coated paper. The latex concentration measurements of Top layer and Pre layer in double coated paper show that each layer has different value. In single coated paper, it is clear that the latex concentration is highest at the surface and decreases with an increase of depth. From those results it is indicated that the latex migrates to the coated surface. The result of this study may be applied to the binder migration study and the quality control in paper mill.

The effect of dilute sulfuric acid treatment was examined to improve recyclability of coated brokes. Turbidity , electric conductivity , and cationic demand of the white water from coated broke prepared from an alkaline base paper was determined. Sulfuric acid treatment was found to be effective in dissolving undisintegrated substances such as binders, pigments, and fibers. The properties of papers prepared by adding the broke to pulp stock up to 30% dry weight were examined . With the increase of broke addition, retention, sizing degree and smoothness were improved ; on the other hand, formation uniformness, air permeability and internal bonding strength were decreased. The extent of improvement by broke addition was greater for the surfuric acid-treated broke than the control broke. It was concluded that the use of coated broke should be limited within 10-15% weight of the product for either type of broke.

The possibility of the characterization of sheet formation by image analysis with transmitted light was evaluated. Specific perimenter, average perimeter and variation could not be used to predict the sheet formation because there were no corrleation. Although image analysis method still have a lot of problems , it was found that the contrast intensity obtained by image analysis with transmitted light can be used to predict the sheet formation. In the case of highly filled sheet, the intensity of transmitted light was too low to characterize the sheet formation . However, it was possible to characterize the formation of unfilled heavy weight paper($\leq$200g/㎡).

This study was intended to investigated the effect of pulp type and intital calendering on the properties of recycled fiber. As the number of recycling is increased, at least by the fourth recycling , the freeness of the SW-BKP and HW-BKP increased. And then that decrease after the fifth recycling. Especially the freeness of CTMP increased more rapidly than any other pulp in first recycling. And there was no difference of freeness in all kind of pulp by initial calendering . The speed of dewatering in making sheet consistetly became slow by proceeding recycling on condition of all calendering. and the order of the speed of dewatering was as followed. CTMP>HW-BKP>SW-BKP. However in case of HW-BKP, which was low -yield pulp, the tendency of the speed of dewatering was similar to that of CTMP which was high-yield pulp and had high content lignin . There was no change of fiber length and no effect of calendering by recycling of HW-BKP and CTMP. Howeverfiber length of SW-BKP generally decreased, especially in calendering of high temperature and high pressure conditions. The WRV of SW-BKP diminished by proceeding recycling but that of HW-BKP and CTMP diminished in the first recycling and then there was no change of the WRV of HW-BKP and CTMP. The contents of fines of HW-BKP consistently decreased by the fourth recycling and then increased in the fifth recycling . On the other hand there was no tendency in the content of fines of SW-BKP and CTMP by the number of recycling.

In CLO2 delignification and bleaching process, formation of chlorate corresponds to a loss of 20-36% of the original CKO2 charge. Because chlorate is inactive and harmful to environmental, it will be of benefit to find methods that can reduce the formation of chlorate during chlorine dioxide bleaching. Chlorate is mainly formed by the reaction HCIO +ClO2 $\longrightarrow$H+ + Cl_ +ClO3-2 On the other hand, AOX in chlorine dioxide bleacing is formed also due to the in-situ produced hypochlorous acid. THus both AOX and chlorate could be reduced by addition of hypochlorous acid. Some paper son the reduction of AOX by additives appeared , but systematic data on chlorate reduction as well as pulp and effluent properties are not available. THus this paper of focused on the effects on the reduction of chlorate and chlorine dioxide bleachability. The additives, fulfamic a챵, AMSO, hydrogen peroxide, oxalic acid were found to eliminate chlorine selectively in chlorine and chlorine dioxide mixture.However, when they were added to bleaching process, sulfamic acid and DMSO showed significant reduction of chlorate formation but hydrogen peroxide and oxalic aicd did not, and significant amount ofhydrogen peroxide was found resided in the bleaching effluent , In addition, sulfamic acid and DMSO decreased the bleaching end ph values while hydrogen peroxide and oxalic acid did not, which also indicated that hydrogen peroxide and oxalic acid were ineffective. The difference might be ascribed to the competitives of hypochlorous acid with lignin, chlorite (CKO2) and additives. Sulfamic acid and DMSO showed better pulpbrightness development but less alkaline extraction efficiency than hydrogen peroxide , oxalic acid and control, which means that insitu hypochlorous acid contributes to the formation of new chromophore structures that can be easily eliminated by alkaline extraction. DMSO decreased the delignification ability of chlorine dioxide due to the elimination of hypochlorous acid, but sfulfamic acid did to because the chlroinated sulfamic acid had stable bleachability. In addition, sulfamic acid, and SMSO shwed decreased color and COD of bleaching effluents, hydrogen peroxide decreased effluent color but not COD content, and oxalic acid had no statistically significant effects. No significant decreases of pulp viocosity were found except for hydrogen peroxide. Based on our results , we suggest that the effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide on the reduction of AOX in literature might be explained by other mechanisms not due to the elimination of hypochlorous acid , but to the direct decomposition of AOX by hydrogen peroxide.

This experiment was to investigate decoloization characteristics of E1 effluents from the bleaching plant of pulp mill with three white-rot fungi(Trametes versicolor, Ganoderma appanatum and Pleurotus ostreatus).In addition, the effect of carbon and nitrogen resources was discussed on its decolorization. The color removal of E1 effluent during shaking and stationary cultures were 72% and 80%, respectively. Stationary culture was more effective on decolorization of E1 effluent compared to the shaking culture. The optimum inoculum weight was 1.0g based on dry weight of mycelia . The decolorization medium I showed 88% of the color removal of E1 effluent with in one day cultivation of T.versicolor and P.ostreatus . Color removal was increased from 87% to 90%. T.versicolor and P.ostreatus by the addition of 0.5% glucose. By addition of nitorgen sources(ammonium sulfate and ammonium choride), medium was much higher than that of carbon source. With 0.1% ammoniumm sulfate, P.ostreatus and T.versicolor showed 94% and 92% of the color removal within one day of cultivation , respectively. On decolorization medium II, T.versicolor and P.ostretus were 94% of oclor removal with addition of carbon source. The addition of nitrogen source was much more efficient than that of carbon source. With 0.1% amminium chloride, T.versicolor and P.ostreatus showed 95% of its color removal . The decolorization medium II was higher color removal than medium I, and also MnP and laccase were produced. However, the decolorization medium I produced a little MnP and laccase activity. It could be suggested that MnP and laccase may play an important role in decolorization of E1 effluent.

This study was performed to investigated the application of mixed resins for corrugated container board. The corrugated container board yields a sandwich structure in which a linerboard material is glued to a corrugated medium . Now, manufacturing corrugated container boards don't provide sufficient strength, and result in box failure during shipping . Therefore improvement of box strength is necessary . In this study, we intend to improve box strength by improving corrugated medium strength with mixed resins and to find the optimum treatment condition of this resins. First, we tried to mixed resins as Starch+CMC, Starch_Irea, CMC+Urea, Second, investigated to applicability of this resins for corrugated medium , and the third, measured tensile index, burst index, and edgewise compression index on liner, medium paper, and single faced corrugated container board. In this test results, we obtained that the improvement ratios of tensile index in liner and medium paper were approximately 80-185%, 60-118% , respectively. The respecting improvement ratios of edgewise compression index of single faced corrugated container board was approximately 91-124%, relatively. In addition, we concluded that optimum condition in mixing ratio was 1 :3 with CMC + Urea and the ap[plication amounts was 9% on materials. Fro manufacture of corrugated container board, optimum condition in mixing ratio was 1 : 3 with 5% CMC +Urea , because of considering to improvement of strength on cost.

This study was carried to investigate optimum conditions of charcoal added paper in making cigarette filter for the removal of smoke contents of cigarettes. We investigated the physical properties of charcoal added paper according to the ratio of pulps, the amounts of characoal , the weight of sheets and crimping conditions in dry method, and then analyzed the smoke contents of cigarettes. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Sw-BKP was higher than Hw-BKP in methylene blue absorption by UV test. 2. Charcoal had an effect on stiffness for decreasing factor greatly , while the addition amounts of Sw-BKP and high weigth of sheets increased it, and the interaction of weight of sheets and charcoal was higher than other factors. 3. Tear index decreased by charcoal addition greatly, on the other hand high weight of sheets and Sw-BKP/Hw-BKP ratio increased ter, and the interaction of pulps and chacoal acted on major factors. 4. We estimated crimp index with sensory evaluation , and charcoal hand an effect on decreasing factor in crimping greatly, while the interaction of weight of sheets and pulp ratio was higher than others. 5. In the case of charcoal added paper filter, tar removal efficiency of smoke contents was higher but about 6% than cigarette filter. Especially vapour phase(aldehyde) in smoke contents was removed greatly.

Excellence of the Korean traditional paper(Hanji) can be proved by literatures and legacies handed down from generations. However, with the problems pertaining to a majority of traditional manufactures, Hanji industry was declined because of low productivity, insufficient supply of raw material , and reduced demand. therefore, modernizxation of the Hanji technology and development of new uses are very important. This study was carried to investigated the papermaking characteristics of Morus spp.(M.alba, M.Bombycis, and M.Ihou) for new Hanji, modernize manufacturing process of Hanji by grafting on developed modern pulping and papermaking technology, develop the various uses, and establish the foundation for development of high value-added products. Hanji is made from M.Ihou, while stalk , and sulfomethylated pulp gave better sheet formation and higher brightness than those of the others. Physical properties of Hanji which made from bast fiber pulps were better than those of whole stalk pulps. Hanji which made from M.bombycis bast fiber and whole stalk pulps were not so good sheet strength as other species. Sulfomethylated whole stalk pulps were shown better sheet strength than alkali and alkali-hydrogen peroxide whole stalk pulps.

Tobacco stalks are greatly produced as annual agricultural wastes. These residues are available approximately 70,000 tons per year. This study was performed to evaluate the potentials of tobacco stalks as a new resource for reconstituent tobacco sheet. Tobacco stalk was more lignified than cereal straws, and had similar chemical constituents to hardwood. Pulping yields by cooling at 170$^{\circ}C$ of dry and green tobacco stalks were 56.7% and 66.3% , respectively. Around 50$^{\circ}$SR freeness level of mixed pulp was adjusted by mixing more than 10% chemical pulp9CP) in the case of dry tobacco stalk and more than 15% CP with wet one. By immersing this handsheet in extracted cooking liquors, reconsitutent sheet contained about 0.28% of nicotines could be prepared. This sheet had enough strength properties for cigarette paper making . In conclusion, it was proved that tobacco stalk could be used to produce the reconstituent tobacco sheet.