Purpose : When natural disaster occurs, the victims are evacuated to temporary shelters such as indoor gymnasiums or large space buildings until their homes are recovered. If someone in this temporary shelter is infected with an airborne infectious disease, it becomes easier for the disease to spread to the other people in the shelter than it would be under normal conditions. Therefore, temporary shelters need to provide not only water and food but also hygienic indoor conditions. Methods : In this study, the use of mechanical systems such as ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) systems and air cleaners were simulated using numerical analysis to find out how these systems can control airborne infection in temporary shelters. An indoor gymnasium was selected as a temporary shelter for the numerical simulation model considering Korea's post-disaster response system. Influenza A virus was assumed as an airborne infectious disease and the diffusion of the virus was made by one person in the shelter. Results : The result of this study showed that the UVGI systems disinfected the virus more effectively than the air cleaners by creating a more stable airflow after the disinfection process. The air cleaners could remove the virus but since it created an unstable airflow in the temporary shelter, the virus was condensed to a certain area to show a higher virus concentration level than the source location. Implications : In the temporary shelter, it is necessary to use UVGI systems or air cleaners for hygienic indoor conditions.

Purpose : This study examined the social and environmental change in the outpatient department of psychiatry, were analyzed disease characteristics and using characteristics of the mental illness. Thus, this aims to provide a material that can be used for efficient spatial composition of psychiatry. Methods : This study was conducted through a literature review, observation surveys, interviews. Results : Psychiatry is aware of the need to respond to the current needs of ambulatory space, there are concerns that the spatial configuration for your needs. In accordance with the results of studies conducted are as follows: 1) Specialty care programs and space needs based on segmentation and specialization of the disease 2) Considered in conjunction with the layout of essential space and other departments 3) Spatial composition and furnishings for characteristic of psychiatry 4) Spatial configuration taking into account the patient's characteristic. Implications : This study looked at the change of social change and the environment related to psychiatry. Grasp the present state of spatial composition in psychiatry. And the use characteristics of patients and guardians were investigated. Meanwhile, studies of psychiatric outpatient department is still lacking. As a result, its significance is to analyze the spatial composition requirements.

Purpose : Ministry of Health & Welfare started to 'Comprehensive care ward' project for patient hospitalization in order to help the economic and medical By providing comprehensive care services through professional nursing staff since 2013. Many physical environments changes are expected by providing comprehensive care services. The purpose of this study is to investigate the comprehensive care services and identify the problems of the corresponding physical environment usage. Methods : Data were collected through research, field surveys, and expert interviews to analyze and investigate the physical environment of the 'Comprehensive care ward'. Results : Physical environments changes in accordance with the comprehensive care services provided in 'Comprehensive care ward' are being only partially achieved. It have to considered not only ward environmental improvement for nursing services provided directly to the patient, but Including nurses warehousing space, work space. Implications : Comprehensive care ward project is scheduled to be operational even some wards throughout the hospital since 2018. This study is basic research for architectural planning of the future ward with comprehensive care services in public hospital.

Purpose : With a recently growing population of the disabled, the importance of creating the living environment for them has been emphasized, making the design guidelines to play more important role in this sense. This research aims to generalize the existing design guidelines for the housing for the disabled, diagnose their problems, and suggest a systematic and consistent milestone of the guidelines developed in the future. Method : The analysis objects of this research are 1910 categories of the design guidelines for the domestic housing for the disabled, and the research removed the redundancy and separated multi-complex categories. A total of 1424 independent categories were extracted, and been conducted content analysis from three aspects of redundancy, sub-categorization system and descriptive form based on the extracted categories. Results : Redundancy analysis figured out important characteristics by space. Moreover, the current guideline system can be integrated by analysis of sub-category system. Lastly, the research found that the guidelines need to be understood more easily and suggested under accurate criteria by analyzing the descriptive forms. Implication : This research holds significance as a fundamental data to improve the design guidelines for the disabled in the future, ultimately contributing to a better quality of life of the disabled.

Purpose : As the number of the transportation poor has increased, the application of Universal Design on urban railway station has recently been focused. However, the current criteria used in domestic areas did not show the characteristic of facilities within urban railway station. Therefore, this study aims to explore the detailed criteria in applying ideas from Universal Design to sanitary facilities, especially toilets within railway station. Method : This study explores the criteria by evaluating findings from previous studies. First, the current situation of sanitary facilities in railway station is assessed. Then, the detailed criteria applicable to railway station toilets are concluded, by reviewing types of transportation poor and principles of Universal Design. Result : Findings from this study are as follows. First, the current criteria applied to railway station toilets lack ideas of Universal Design, so the better criteria applicable to sanitary facilities in railway station are necessary. Second, standard criteria used in domestic areas with newly additional criteria suggest that sanitary facilities should be established according to those criteria. Taken together, the better sanitary facilities should be provided to railway users through the application of Universal Design to railway station toilets. Implication : For the future users in railway station toilets, the additional research on types of diverse space and other sanitary facilities within railway station should have been continued.

Purpose : The guidelines of establishing convenience facilities for the handicapped have not consistently been provided to the identical criteria in walking facilities. Thus, transportation poor had difficulties in walking environment. Method : This study aims to suggest the practical direction of guidelines of establishing tactile walking surface indicators. To do this, this study examines the problems of the current guidelines for establishing facilities, and then analyzes international criteria, with comparing criteria used in German. Therefore, findings from those analyses can provide the secure and convenient environment for walking to transportation users, in particular blind and vision-impaired people, the handicapped, the child, and the elderly and the weak. Results : For the improvement of tactile walking surface indicators, the clear criteria of establishing tactile walking surface indicators is proposed, considering the characteristics of walking environment. Then, the sample items corresponding to the various situations need to be exemplified. To provide more secure environment walking for transportation poor, the establishing criteria partially adopted ideas from Universal Design also need to be developed. Implication : The proposed detail drawing of tactile walking surface indicators need to be tested by transportation users due to high safety in walking circumstance, and also the guidelines of continuously maintaining tactile walking surface indicators also needs to be studied.

Purpose : The current tactile walking surface indicators have not been easily accessible to blind and vision-impaired people due to unexpected variation of walking environment and walking behavior of transportation poor. Moreover, those indicators frequently cause the inconvenience to transportation users' walking. Thus, this study aims to investigate the improvement of tactile walking surface indicators, by comparing and analyzing findings from the relevant research. Results from this study contribute to suggest the better standard criteria of tactile walking surface indicators for transportation users, especially blind and vision-impaired people, the handicapped, the child and the elderly and weak, providing the secure and convenient circumstance for walking. Method : This study presents the problems about the standard criteria of tactile walking surface indicators via the examination of finding from the past studies. For example, we examine all standard criteria, focusing on shapes, colors and qualities of materials used for Tactile Walking Surface Indicators. Then, the present study suggests the improvement of standard, which apply to the current walking environment practically and reasonably. Results : To improve the current condition of tactile walking surface indicators, the analysis on international and domestic standard criteria need to be conducted. Findings from these analyses helps to suggest the better criteria for the interval between projecting points of tactile walking surface indicators, effective perceived range of walking road, and the brightness contrast between tactile walking surface indicators and finishing materials. Implication : The suggested standard criteria of tactile walking surface indicators need to be tested by transportation users, and the practical instructions of establishing tactile walking surface indicators should also be developed.