According to the 17th century palace construction documents, head artisans were called Pyunsoo. In one building constructions, not only carpenters but also masons, plasterers and painters had their own head, Pyunsoos. This meant that Moksoo-Pyunsoo, head carpenter, could not manage the whole design of the building. Moreover, in many cases, selecting and laying the site of the building were determined by the geomancers. Under those working conditions, Moksoo-Pyunsoo could only have charge of designing the wooden parts, such as structural forms or detailed carvings. The documents showed that some dominent carpenters, like Kwak Ki Jong or Lee Choon Bong, had taken on the post of Moksoo-Pyunsoo in almost every palace constructions, especially inner palace buildings. Form the fact that the same carpenters had worked continuosly, it can be presumed that there would have many resemblance of structural forms or carvings among those inner palace buildings.

The Palaces of Chosen dynasty in Seoul had lost its original features. The external appearance of the buildings that remains in palace nowadays, have got former conditions, but its enteriors are reconstructed or removed So we have a little knowledge of interiors of palace buildings, expecially of the door and window system. To clear up ambiguity of what kinds of door are selected, and sorts of using methods are prevailed, we must persuit from the latest building to the older building, and compare with documents. For that purpose the Chukchodang of Toksu palace is selected, which reconstructed in 1904, and compared with the document published in 1906. The consequence of investigation is that the palace buildings were adopted double or triple window system, and the main room have buffer zones, such as corridors or small rooms. And the main rooms were facing with wall paper, so metal fittings are hidden and wooden surfaces are hardly expose for the purpose of amenity.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the transformation of openings installed on the partition wall between Daechung and Bang, through the case study on MyungRyunDangs of 19 HangGyos in Kyungbuk province. The way to carry out this study was to look through existing situations and to find out transformed traces of the openings in terms of their locations on several floor types. The transformation of the openings was analyzed chronologically into two cases of 'before 18C' and 'after 18C'. i) Before 18C ; the early type had double swing window on the front column spacing and single swing door on the rear, and the later type had swing door on the front column spacing and on openings on the rear. ii) After 18C; the earlist type was the same as the later type of 'before 18C', the next type had swing doors on both the front and the rear column spacing, and the last type had Sabunhap-swing door on the column spacing, iii) Through those transformations, the windows gradually replaced by the doors in the openings.

This study is an architectural investigation paper which has been investigated for 5 years from 1986 about commoner's traditional houses and village in southwestern island area of Korea. Man has lived in this area form the prehistoric age. But from 13C to 14C and in 16C most of people had left this islands by external invasion (Japan) and from 17C many people have lived in real earnest. This area did not have cultural interchange easily than inland area because of geographical conditions, Therefore, so far, many traditional factors have been handed down and especially, a good many commoner's traditional houses exist. The time of builging of these houses is mainly 19C and building shape of those days remains nearly as it is. About 450 houses have been investigated for 5 years. The composition of the houses is composed of Anchae (a centeral house), Sarangchae (an attached house of anchae) and Chukganchae (It has rest room and stores barnyard manure). Somtimes, Sarangchae was ommitted according to the circumstance of the house. Generally, the form of arrangement of house is divided into two shapes; One is 'ㅡ'shape which has only Anchae and the other is 'ㄱ' shape which has Anchae and Sarangchae. In the scale of the house, Anchae averages $41m^2$ and Sarangchae averages $27m^2$.

This study is the conditions of location according to formed the times in the clan village. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. in the 15th century, the characterestics of the village established residencial place where mountain stream flowed surrounded by the mountain and deep in the mountains with superior quality land. That's because Sa-dae-bu put equal importance on beautiful scenery and practical benefit for living. Stream House provided economical foundation for Sa-dae-bu to be able to keep confucial manners by putting limit their economic status to small medium sized land owner. Topographical condition such as valley or hollow separated from the exterior maintained unification of consanguineous village in self sufficient farming society and held on to independent territory against external to be able to stay away from turbulent days so that they formed residential area of Sa-dae-bu clan. And the valley where flowed clean water was considered as the connection of continuous place where distinctiveness of form in each curve and and factor of calm and dynamic scenery of the clean stream. Scholars in the middle of Chosun Dynasty located in the utopia as place for confucious retirement to study, a place for refinement by combination with the nature or as a way of spacial practice based on Confucious view of nature. 2. in the 16th-l7th century, Most of existing consanguineous villages adopt deep in the mountains for refuge. at that place, upward rank was established by settlement of the ancestor who entered in the village first, the principal was placed in the center of the village and since descendants became numerous, it was serialized as the space of descendants. So, it was arranged in the order of social rank. Most of the villages showed development step by step started from precaution by apperance of the mountain to the lower part. It's because the topography of valley around the village worked as the natural hedge against external force and genealogy of the clan, regularity of social status, order of entrance into the village were reflected into residencial destribution. Also, order of the rank coincided with the one of aspects on geomancy. Genealogical rank within the village represented spacial rank. Houses of descendants and branch families were placed lower than the principal which showed worship to the principal. 3. In 18th century after, as the village was settled nearby cultivated land considering economical loss caused by long distance between residencial area and cultivated land, direction of sect followed by development of village expanded from the front part of the village to the rear part. The principal that was poped out to the front presented frontage over exterior. Therefore, residencial area of branch families expanded to the rear starting from the principal. This represented a slice of social structure at that time. after 18th century, spirit was percieved superior over material, After then, development of cultivation and expantion of land created difference of economic strength within one village. In order to maintain and show off the status of Yang-ban, economic power of indigenous land owner became fundamental, so, sense to worship and to keep the principal became weak eventually. Taking advantage of that situation, residencial area of branch family expanded to the rear part of the principal which showed dual disposition conflicted with each other. However, these clan rules were destroyed and new rules were created after 18th century because of the situation and consciousness at that time.

This dissertation aims to investigate the structure of Palsangjeon, a five story wooden pagoda in Pubjoo Temple which is the only wooden pagoda existing in Korea, by a comparative study of the Palsangjeon with Japanese counterparts. By doing so, the writer of the present investigation attempts to find out its structural originality. The main finding of this study are as follows. The upper part of Palsangjeon is constructed with square log frameworks called GuiTl and Sacheon-Ju around the central column. The four walls along Sacheon-Ju from the 1st level to the 3rd well resists the outside horizontal piressure. And Gui-Tl structure on the 5th level copes much better with shear force. So this frame consisting of Sacheon-Ju and log frameworks might be viewed an semi-core system, This core is supported once again by the frame of Go-Ju. That is to say. Go-Ju supports frame of Sacheon-Ju. And the frame of Pyeong-Ju on the 4th and the 5th levels also supports it. The frame of Go-Ju is supported by the frame of Pyeong-Ju on the 1st and the 2nd levels. So this structure is designed to resist the wind and also keep the balance by properly distributing vertical pressure. The plan and the elevational structure of Palsangjeon keep the balance by the perfect symmetric structure. And the frame of Sacheon-Ju forming semi-core system can resist both the lateral load and the vertical pressure for the balance of its structure. The five story pagoda in Horyuji used to stand on a central which is desigend to support the main body of the pagoda from the first level. The principles of balance is used between the Ha-Aag and short to react the rafter. Sacheon-Ju and edge column is against the lateral load. The structural jointing system is stable thanks to the log framewroks formed on every level. The five story pagoda in Horyuji poseses the structual system originated from the ancient wooden pagoda. The pagoda is found to express simple, sincere and straight forward form. On the other hand, it could be seen as a stucture resisting the earthquake and the lateral load, Palsangjeon is an excellent building which religions function is well harmonized with its structure and appearance. It not only functions extremely well as a regions place like other pagodas, but also excellently shows how multi-story wooden building should be structured.

This Study is, under the Situation that the Germ of the Autogenetic Capitalism were Broken by the Imported Force, and were Transplanted the Western Capitalism by force, and go through Imperialized Procedure, the Resaerch how the Modernizing of our Capitalistic Constructions were settled down, how Developed the Tradition of Native Architectural Technologies by those technocrafts, and What Came out the Architectural Productive Character in those Housings. The Conclusions of this Study are as Follows. First, Improvemental Tradition Housing Constructions by the Native Capital were Hard Tasks, under the Situation that Japanese Imperial Constructions have Monopolized the Whole Korean Constructions and it has been Prosperous. Second, Improvemental Tradition Housing Constructions by the Native Capital Imported Modernized Capital Management System, It, after that, Influenced our Constructions Seriously. Third, It is a Desiable Fact that Acceded Traditional Style, Provided the Small-middle Class Housing for the Common People on those Demand. Fourth, It is a Point that Contribute the Mooing Problem of Korea. Fifth, It is that Supply the Low-class Housing.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the introduction of foreigner's architectural engineering such as building materials techniques engineers, focused on the Late Yi-dynasty. Such all kind of building materials as timber brick tile cement lime glass window furniture and so on was imported from the foreign company in opening period of ports in Cho-son. The timer of these materials was imported from Japan, the brick tile from China, and others directly from Western counteries indirectly from Japan China. As it was active in an inflow of building materials and machines about 1890's, the modern building techniques were introduced and elementarily mastered such as timber sewing, manufacturing baking of brick glass, and masonry, The above modern techniques became the direct background in the formation of Korean modern architecture. Building engineers can be divided into three classes : architect engineer apprentice. But It could be apparently not divided the relation between architect and engineer at that time. They could be classified into job-architects who were engaged by the Korean government and leaded an active life in their settlement, and missonaries, They introduced the construction and style of modern architecture in our country, And so many skilled laborers and laborers participated in the construction of their settlement.

The purpose of this study was to investigate type of the modern architecture in Daegu province, based on 91 buildings which were built from 1886 to 1945 in Daegu province. The results of this study could be summarized as follows : The modern buildings were built by the western missionary, Japanese, Chineses and Korean. The catholic, built Korean style cathedral and parsonage early in the missionary period, then changed to build Gothic revival and georgian style masonary buildings. The protestant built eclectic buildings. With masonary structure and Korean roof style. Then from 1930's, they started to build Gothic revival style buildings. Japanese built eclectic buildings which mixed with Western and Japan type during the first period. Then, they also started to build Western eclectic building. Chinese built only two buildings during the whole periods and those were Western eclectic style buildings. Korean started to build commercial and school buildings which were Western style from the middle of the second period by nationalist and local commercialist.

This paper is a study on the type of campuse site plan constructed by Chosun colonial government in japanese period and then the model of the type being the basis on the campus plan. As a result of analysis to the type of function allocation, main axis and reference point, block plan of five high schools constructed in Mid-Meiji Eva in Japan and the campuses in Japanese period, both were composed of same basic types, I make clear that the model of the campus site plan in japanese period was the site plan of five high schools in Japan, as that of higher education facilities in Japan was.

In order to meet the needs of the liturgical reform implemented by the Second Vatican Council, existing churches have been reordered and guidlines drawn for new buildings. With this reordering, perhaps the most perplexing issues facing priest and architect alike are the question of reservation and placement of the tabernacle. While in several documents including the documents of the Second Vatican Council, the church has made statement concerning this problem, not much has been stated definitely, And there are many different and. ambiguous things in the interpretation of liturgists and Episcopal Conferences. I examined and compared the issues which has been raised this while based on the Vatican Documents. The findings may be summarised as follows : (1) As the history of church architecture has seen great variety and innovation in solving the needs of the day, the church gives certain guidelines, but also allow great flexibility. (2) To achive good result, the priests and architects should work together in a language the other will understand. So theological interpretations on church architecture may be very useful. (3) The seperate eucharistic chapel which is near the santuary will be recommended as a location which accounts for both the communal and individual aspects of eucaristic adoration.

This study is done in order to settle down as a Architecture Movement mainly had conducted by Theo van Doesburg. The process of this research is mainly focus on the Theo van Doesburg had used it as a house and studio, which had built in November 1930 since Agust 1925. Even though the works and theories of Theo van Doesburg had widely inffuenced on Modern Architects, these were the only experimental paper architecture by conceptural proposal of plastic architecture. Namely, The value of his works and theories did not overcome experimental archtecture. but, Theo van Doesburg left one work, at Meudon near Paris. This study intends to clear the special features of changing process and spatial characteristics on planing throughout from the planning to accomplisment of it.

For all the variety of past studies on the pyramids of Old Kingdom of Egypt, they still basically remain in 'enigma and mystery' as Giedion rightly puts in. This paper deals directly with the three most obvious facts about the pyramids : their cardinal orientation, the varying slopes, and above all, their magnitude. The prominent triangles of their once polished faces were there to be seen from the Nile valley as they shined or shaded under the Sun. The northern faces, especially, went in and out of the Sun in accordence with the seasonal variation of the solar declination, The steeper northern faces which turned into shade in high summer noon could have been warning signs of oncoming inundation of Nile, and the milder slopes that suddenly began to shine in some early spring noons could have been the vernal alarms to awaken the peasants to their timely toil on the fresh land. Dates and hours of insolation on the northern faces of pyramids are graphically and numerically computed.

What is Deconstruction which is now the focus of the current architectural discussion? In order to know the Deconstruction properly, we should review the background of Modernism and Post-Modernism in architecture. As we know, the 1968's serial uprisings of democratic movement in Paris changed human concepts about art dramatically. As the result of that movement new ideas such as Structuralism, Post-structuralism, Deconstruction, and Semiotics arose. In architecture some ideas like construotioniem were not practised fully in 1920's and only the Modernism has been realized as the idea expressing the modern Utopia. In Korea situation to interprete architectural ideas into real buildings are different from those of other developed countries. Korean architects are seemed to use Deconstructionist vocabularies as fashionable styles without being concious of the root and history of Deconstruction. For Koreans the contexts are different. Although Modernism and Functionalism have been practised vigorously in Korea as other countries, the situations are ambiguous and complicated in applying new ideas introduced after Moderism. So they are in chaos. What could be our orthodox ideology to be worth pursuing in arthitecture? There are several sample works of Deconstruction in Korea done by Jo, Geon young, Kim, In Chul and Bae Byung-Gil. Aithough their works cannot be interpreted as real Deconstruction in European or american view-points, I think they are good examples of Korean Deconstruction that express contemporary Korean architecture and its social background.

I'm going to endow with any characters to the mixed history of Korean Contemporary Architecture, and rearrange the relations between motive of transfer and the ideology which is concluded in expression through considering the transitional period which is based on the modernity, tradition and additional area such as ideology, politics, technology, literature, sculpture and painting etc. This abstract explain only characters of revivalism in Korean Contemporary Architecture. Revivalism have some complexed nationalistic leanings. Our transitional succession returned to revivalism that is limitted by its form. Of course, that is dued to complexed operating such as the Ideal Nationalism against the severance of our culture which had been done by Japan, the Superior Nationalism which is developed by antagonism of our own ideology was dued to dividing into sections of our own country, and the Resistant Nationalism against foreign culture.

The purpose of this paper is to suggest new direction to the historical research society of Korean architecture by epistemological discussion. Korean architectural history at present, without question of history for what, for whom, and how, is regarded as 'history for the past' only 'to describe past' or 'to collect correct data' However, history is beyond that; history ought to suggest a direction of present and near future. Moreover, architecture is not pure but applied knowledge, that is, focused to 'how to build'. Therefore, past historical knowledge by research should influence to present design. In order to do that, history of mere data collection should change direction to the history of meaning by interpretation, and then, of finding design principle. The principle used in architectural community becomes theory in scientific research community, and finally is unified to 'theory of practice'. Creative history should be substituted for retrospective history reusing historical reservoir, at the specific situation of Korea; tradition has been discontinued drastically and Western method imported to the point of being culturally-colonized. Some expmples of altanative history are suggested at the end of this paper as conclusion.

The Main concern of this thesis is on the possibility to apply Hermeneutics to architectural history, with a view point that the past architecture can be seen as a text, this study analyse the relationship between the past building and interpreter, the epistenological tool for interpretation and historian. After reviewing the characteristics of architectural history with regard to text theory, this study can lead to the conclusion that the interpretation of past architecture can be defired as dynamic dialogue which depend upon the time.

This study maintains that settlement and dwelling system reflects socio-cultural value of the people to express their image of ideal-life and intrinsic way of life. To demonstrate it, the study is conducted on a cross-cultural perspective. Through the study, it is shown that the character and content of the settlement and dwelling system is largely generated by the result of a choice among possible alternatives, which provides the theoretical base of the settlement and dwelling system.