The soil erosion processes have estimated using spatial distribution of 137Cs radionuclide in Granite and Sedimentary Hillslopes in South Korea. The local variability of 137Cs inventory indicates that was related positively to organic matter content, clay content and water content and negatively to hydraulic permeability and slope gradient for bulk samples in different landforms within Granite and Sedimentary rock basins. The vertical variability of 137Cs inventory shows that most of 137Cs concentration and organic matter were accumulated between 0 and 2cms and gradually decrease with soil depth in incremental samples in both basins. The vertical variability of 137Cs inventories shows that 137Csinventories increase as we go to toward downslope in both basins. Finally, the soil loss values indicate that hillslope erosion processes are more intensive in Granite rock basin than those in Sedimentary rock basin.