This study examines how ecological impacts are addressed in the siting processes of European countries that are international leaders in offshore wind energy, and draws implications for Korea. The United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, and Denmark are the countries with the most offshore wind installations after China. These European countries conduct strategic environmental assessments (SEAs) and appropriate assessments (AAs) at both the overall site planning stage and the individual site decision stage to evaluate ecological impacts from offshore wind power. In the UK, the SEA and AA for offshore wind are conducted separately at different stages of the siting process. Germany has three siting stages, and the Netherlands and Denmark have two siting stages, each of which includes both an SEA and an AA. Compared to the SEA, which assesses overall ecological impacts, the AA is limited to impacts on Natura 2000 sites, a network of protected areas for species and habitats. The ecological impacts of offshore wind are examined for birds, bats, marine mammals, fish, and benthic organisms.

Wind power is highly variable due to the intermittent nature of wind. This can lead to power grid instability and decreased efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to improve wind power prediction performance to minimize the negative impact on the power system. Recently, wind power prediction using machine learning has gained popularity, and ensemble models in machine learning have shown high prediction accuracy. RF, GB, XGB and LGBM are decision tree-based ensemble models and have high predictive performance in wind power, but these models have problems from over-fitting and strong dependence on certain variables. However, the stacking model can improve prediction performance by combining individual models and compensate for the shortcomings of each model. In this study, The MAE of RF, XGB and LGBM is 310.42 kWh, 217.07 kWh and 265.20 kWh, respectively, while the stacking model based on RF, XGB and LGBM is 202.33 kWh. Stacking models can improve prediction performance. Finally, it is expected to contribute to electricity supply and demand planning.

Since the Paris Agreement, countries around the world have been planning to introduce RE100, CF100 and the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism to achieve carbon neutrality. In these policies, advanced and renewable energy sources such as wind power, solar power and geothermal heat are recognized as core power resources to deal with climate change. The contribution of this study is that the wind power industry was added to the 33 major categories in the 2015 regional input-output table, published by the Bank of Korea, expanding the total to 34 sectors. As a result, the spillover effects of the 2.4 GW offshore wind power project are as follows. First, the domestic direct and indirect production effect amounts to 25.0 trillion won. Among these, Jeonbuk's production effect reaches 6.3 trillion won. Second, the domestic direct and indirect value-added effect is 9.3 trillion won, of which the Jeonbuk region's value-added effect is 2.4 trillion won. Third, the domestic direct and indirect employment effect is 450,643 people, of which the Jeonbuk region's employment effect is 125,085 people. The limitation of regional input-output analysis is that an increase in input due to inflation can lead to an increase in output, which may lead to a discrepancy from economic reality.

The purpose of this study is to introduce in detail an universal methodology of wind resource and energy yield assessment for feasibility studies of offshore wind projects. To conduct a preliminary feasibility study for offshore wind projects, an assessment of wind resources and energy yield are usually performed at an early stage, and this can be an essential process for deriving an economic feasibility evaluation of the project. However, many domestic case studies and preliminary feasibility studies are still conducted using methodologies that lack valid evidence and professionalism. Accordingly, this study introduces methods for general wind resource assessments, wind farm layout (design), and energy yield assessments, and gives detailed reasons why the analysis procedure is necessary. In other words, it was carried out to support to improve the quality and level of basic research related to domestic offshore wind studies.

A floating green hydrogen production platform is considered a suitable facility for the hydrogen supply chain in the future. In this study, we analyzed the dynamic behavior of a floating green hydrogen production platform according to changes in the outer diameter of the connecting power cable. The platform consists of a floater that generates hydrogen and an offshore wind turbine, and a connection power cable is attached to the floater to supply the electric power produced by the offshore wind turbine. In this study, it was found that variations of the outer diameter of the connection power cable had a minor effect on the dynamic behavior on the floater, and the larger the outer diameter of the connecting power cable, the greater the effective tension. As a result, it was found that the outer diameter of the cable was not a major variable in the entire production system design.