대한건축학회논문집 (Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea) (Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea)
대한건축학회 (Architectural Institute of Korea)
- 월간
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- 2733-6239(pISSN)
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- 2733-6247(eISSN)
- 선행 저널 1 : 대한건축학회논문집:구조계 (Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction) (1998 ~ 2020)
- 선행 저널 2 : 대한건축학회논문집:계획계 (Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design) (1998 ~ 2020)
제38권10호
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In this study, architecture design integrated with urban design could be defined as urban-architecture design with a vision for urban development and locality through a contextual approach beyond a site area at the district and city range level. The Europan competition works were analyzed where architects proposed space and architectural design on a microscale, medium-scale and macroscale for synergy effect proposes of a city and its architecture. The following characteristics of contextual factors were selected from the site area, district area and the whole city area that reflected this design concept. The vision of the urban regeneration project leads from a design direction on the macroscale to the urban concept on a district scale that must then connect to the architecture project on a microscale. This connection is made by selecting the major context factor for a design direction from the micro site area. Even if the context factor was selected from other spatial areas, it could be made when the architectural form and spatial composition are influenced by the selected factors. The green space and external space as a context factor of a local area and of the site is important for architecture design integrated with urban design in creating a social place that considers the ecological and environmental factors of a district. In architecture design integrated with urban design, it is also important to show the continuity of the historical context on the urban scale through the elements in common with the historical factor selected from the entire city area and its architecture design. This strengthens the identity of the city and gives a symbolic character to a building.
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Due to the continuing decline in the number of students and the need to connect educational environments of nursery and primary schools, a type of school where both exist is expected to become an effective way to cope with social change and help resolve difficulties in the Korean education system. Operating two educational facilities such as a nursery and primary school in the same building are quite common overseas; this type of educational facility is expected to show different spatial configurations compared to existing ones. The purpose of this study is to present the characteristics of spatial composition and planning methods that appear in nursery and primary schools by analyzing international cases to establish a framework for spatial analysis of each space configuration. The spatial structure of cases was analyzed by using Space Syntax, a spatial structure analysis methodology. Based on the results, planning methods for nursery and primary schools were presented. Through spatial analysis, the relationship between nursery and primary school facilities, study areas and play/meeting areas, student areas and teacher areas were mainly examined. Results of this research had significance in providing data needed for planning nursery and primary schools and is expected to be used for establishing planning guidelines for domestic nursery and primary schools.
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As the number of international students continue to rise, housing has become a matter of concern. Faced with the challenges of social interaction, international students are drawn to the benefits of shared housing. This research investigates the needs of Korean and Chinese international students regarding personal space and shared space in shared housing. A literature review was examined to determine the current state of shared housing design in Korea and China and a questionnaire survey was conducted to mainly focus on the needs of international students. As a result, the literature review showed that share houses in Korea and China differ in terms of housing type, size and composition of personal and shared spaces. Korean and Chinese students showed significant differences in terms of needs for arrangement type of share houses, shape, theme and intention to attend parties or meetings in community spaces. Both Korean and Chinese students tended to prefer private single rooms the most, with Korean students preferring them slightly more than Chinese students. Besides toilets and showers, Korean students preferred to add a dressing room, while Chinese students wanted to add a private balcony. Korean students showed a strong preference for sharing one living room and one kitchen or dining space per three bedrooms, whereas Chinese students preferred one living room and one kitchen or dining space per two bedrooms. Chinese students considered the living room the largest space and wanted to separate it from other spaces. Korean students viewed the kitchen and dining space as spaces for community activities whereas Chinese students focused on the basic functions of cooking and eating.
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As the problems and limitations of maintenance projects focusing on the physical development of reconstruction and redevelopment projects were revealed, the legal basis for urban regeneration projects was laid as the need for urban regeneration emerged. In addition, as part of the urban revitalization policy, urban marketing, which forms a positive image by marketing unique characteristics and resources of the region, began to be recognized as important. Among these urban marketing strategies, the image strategy emerged to revitalize the local economy, secure identity, and achieve community integration by rebuilding the city image, and research on the characteristics of the image strategy of urban regeneration projects is needed. In this study, general neighborhood urban regeneration projects that have a direct relationship with the living environment of city members are investigated and analyzed based on the characteristics of each marketing type according to image strategy elements. Through the analysis, the characteristics of the image strategy of the general neighborhood urban regeneration project are derived, and the direction for setting the image strategy is proposed when establishing the future urban regeneration project plan.
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This study aims to provide new design directions for public rental housing by analyzing 'Small-Scale Housing Improvement Project(SSHIP). To this end, we investigate the changes in population, household, society, policy, institution, as the main factors that can affect the rental housing design. Then we analyze the applications of public housing design and suggest the new rental housing design directions through SSHIP. The term 'Small-Scale Housing Improvement Project' means projects implemented in region or city blocks to facilitate improving the houses which worn-out and substandard structures. Housing demand is notably different by individual users, and small scale developments are growing. Information technology and green technology are also advancing. As a consequence, It needed to support for facilitating SSHIP such as improving residential environment, the supply of public rental housing, need-based housing, compact urban space & economic improvement. Current designs of public housing reflect recent housing plan in a few towels for housing and making multi stories podium. This shows that the existing designs are not differentiated by region and we need to develop various approaches according to location characteristics and the corresponding new housing types. Therefore, this study proposes the following seven directions: responsiveness to demand changes, reflection of location characteristics, a variety of form, connectivity to a local community, acquisition of housing function, realization of green environment, and sustainability for residence, the enhancement of economic power in the neighborhood.
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This study focused on female, single-person households. They are classified as the group living with the highest Fear of Crime(FoC) in daily life and experiences a negative effect on their overall physical, economic, and psychological well-being. The purpose of this study is to identify environmental factors that cause FoC in a residential atmosphere and to suggest improvement measures to create a safe residential environment. Therefore, this study was limited the scope to the entrance of multi-family housing in low-rise residential area that represents a major residential type of single female households. The relationship between each physical environmental factor and situational FoC through a survey and eye-tracking method based on case photos of entrances were analyzed. The results revealed that during the day, Piloti and building sign, and in night situations, entrance door, window, CCTV and building sign, road, mailbox, and Piloti had a significant impact on the FoC. To address safety concerns, improvements on the aforementioned factors should be considered first. Piloti should be clearly territorial and give the impression that strangers are restricted from entering. Appropriate alternatives should be prepared by investigating the location and area of windows. It is necessary to clearly visualize the boundary between the entrance and the road, and to install building and CCTV signs around the entrance door so that space users and strangers can recognize the area. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the image of the private space around the mailbox, and change the mailbox design so that the contents of the mailbox can only be checked from the inside. The entrance used in this study was limited and is difficult to represent all buildings in a low-rise residential area. Nevertheless, This study is differentiated in that it identified a user's intuitive perception by using eye-tracking along with a survey. The results of this study can be used as useful data for improving the safety of residential environment, and improve single female household's psychological well-being and quality of life.
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This study is aimed at conducting a survey on residential satisfaction and awareness of the residents regarding long-term repair plans of multi-family housing to examine the issues on long-term repair and to suggest a long-term repair plan and improvement strategies that reflect the perspectives of both managers and residents. For this purpose, survey method is carried out for the residents and managers of private apartment complexes and recovered 173 questionnaires from the residents and 128 from the managers, totaling 301. Based on the outcomes of the analyses, it is suggested that improvement strategies for reasonable long-term repair plans that could extend the service lives of multi-family housing from the perspectives of the regulators, managers, and residents. Firstly, the improvement strategy from the perspective of the regulators was the 'realistic improvement of the current long-term repair system.' Secondly, the improvement strategies from the perspective of the managers were 'gaining practical knowledge and enhancing skills for long-term repairs' and 'normalization of the contributions to long-term repair reserves.' Finally, the improvement strategy for the residents was 'increasing the repair interest in the multi-family housing where they live.' Fundamental issues were also identified on the long-term repair program in an integrated perspective of the managers and residents, in addition to the improvement strategy from the perspective of the related regulators.
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Recently, the government has implemented various policies to solve problems caused by changes in the social structure and low birth rate and aging. In particular, in order to provide an appropriate space for the parenting community, prior research has been conducted on policies at home and abroad. However, as policy-oriented alternatives are being prepared, there are significantly few studies on living spaces. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide design guidelines so that childcare-related plans and programs can be applied when small-scale housing maintenance projects are carried out in elementary school commuting areas in urban rehabilitation areas. To this end, this study was conducted in the following procedure. First, the recognition system for childcare apartments was analyzed and derived through the analysis of the plan and program of childcare apartments centering on Seoul, Japan and Korea. Second, the analysis results were applied to Doksan 2-dong, an urban rehabilitation area. Finally, through the study, a small-scale housing improvement project plan that can be applied to low-rise old residential areas was proposed, centering on Doksan Elementary School.
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The purpose of this study is to present policy suggestions by analyzing the nationwide status of building agreement contracts and examine the locational characteristics since the introduction of the building agreement system. Building agreement notices, public announcements and building agreement management records were collected and the data on the status of building agreements with the cooperation of local governments was organized. The building agreement cases covered the metropolitan area such as Gyeonggi-do and Seoul. It was discovered that the initial building agreement cases boosted the number of cases in neighboring areas. The building agreement contracts between individuals were more than half or 54.7% of the total and self-agreements or one-person agreements were 36.0%, which is the most common type of building agreement. Building agreements were mainly used in residential areas of existing urban areas and district unit planning areas. From a legislative purpose perspective, the building agreement system reflected different usage from its purpose. Only 22% of cases used the Building Agreement when meeting three specific conditions: house improvement projects on the lots with unfavorable development conditions such as landlocked land or irregular-shaped lots located within the existing residential areas. On the other hand, 73% of cases used it as a means of housing improvement; it was confirmed that the building agreement system was a useful tool for housing improvement. Based on the results of the analysis of the building agreement status and the locational characteristics, it is necessary to revise the Building Act and prepare operation guidelines in order to activate the system in line with the purpose of the building agreement legislation. Additionally, policy support such as education and public relations will be needed for regions that consider entering into a building agreement.
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This study aims to propose a plan to improve future home modification projects for the elderly by investigating and analyzing the status of project execution, difficulties, and improvement requirements for contractors and coordinators with experience in such projects for elderly households. Additionally, this study includes the differences in contractor and coordinator positions during the implementation process, derives improvements necessary for effective linkage and cooperation, and provides information on building a foundation for home modifications for elderly households in Korea. Through an email survey, data from contractors and coordinators were collected. This survey included pre-education status, work support status, needs of coordinators, difficulties in carrying out projects, participation level and difficulties during each implementation stage. The results of this study revealed that the plan and construction process should not be unilaterally entrusted to the contractor; the contractor and the coordinator should take part in the project separately. However, the coordinator should orchestrate the entire process. To reduce difficulties for contractors, coordinators should be selected based on their expertise in housing welfare such as housing, interior design or architecture. If they are effectively linked, the efficiency of implementing home modifications could be improved. Developing diagnostic tools to establish home modification plans during each implementation stage is necessary. There is a greater need for a worker's support organization regarding the development of tools for home modification, education, and in providing relevant information.
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This study aimed to analyze multi-purpose optimized design alternatives for sports halls to minimize total energy consumption, maximize daylight quantity, minimize glare probability and develop meta-models to predict energy and daylight performance during the early design stage. The automatic optimization tool of Modefrontier integrated with the rhino-grasshopper model was developed and simulated with the energy plus and radiance engine. Three optimization phases were conducted, and the variable ranges and optimization algorithms were selected for each phase's aim. In the first and second phases, the optimized cases were selected in the Pareto surfaces and compared to analyze the influence of glare prevention on the best-performing cases. Lastly, the meta-model was developed and presented to predict energy and daylight performance with a variation of the three most sensitive variables to predict the performance without energy simulation by architects and all participants. The rooftop daylighting model with cone-type lightwell was selected for the analysis with four geometric variables and two material variables for parametric design development. The results revealed that the window-floor-ratio was a dominant variable for all energy, useful daylight index, and daylight glare probability followed by tilting height and lightwell height. The window-floor ratio in the Pareto-optimized cases ranged between 11 and 21 percent in the first optimization without the glare-free objective; the range was reduced to between 8.5 and 14 percent. The range of lightwell height shrunk between 360 and 480 mm to between 240 and 360 in relieving glare. The developed response surface model with restricted window-floor ratio of 9.5-13 percent is expected to provide relevant information for future decision-making purposes.
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The vision and goal of the Green Building Development Policy of Korea are to promote zero-energy infrastructures, revitalize the green building markets through green remodeling, strengthen zero-energy technology development, and foster zero-energy building professionals. Therefore, the importance of zero-energy education and human resources for the next generation is highlighted, along with expanding the domestic zero-energy building markets responding to climate change, renewable energy industry policy, and a mandatory zero-energy building certification system. To educate undergraduate students as zero-energy building designers and technical professionals is up to integrated zero-energy design practicum. The curricula for performance-based building design can consistently provide students with the integrated perspective on architecture, engineering, and analytic skills needed to integrate high-performance measures with a sustainable design. High-performance buildings include comprehensive building science, energy efficiency, optimized mechanical systems, indoor air quality, resilience, and water conservation. This study is to suggest the potential application of an integrated zero energy design practicum through the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon Design Challenge, which incorporates various subjects such as architecture, engineering, market analysis, durability and resilience, embodied environmental quality, integrated performance, occupant experience, comfort and environmental quality, energy performance, and presentation. It is vital to develop an integrated zero-energy design practicum that can fuse architectural design, technological theories, and analytic skills for building energy performance.
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This study discovers latent contents of Repair Work at Buseoksa in 1916 and investigates its significance. For this reason, it examines and reinterpretes the records left by researchers of the Colonial Administration of Imperial Japan of the period, and examines reports and prior research studies regarding Buseoksa. Additionally, it excavates historical records such as the Cadastral Map and the Public Cadastre and hence identifies the appearance of Buseoksa in the early 20th century. As a result, this study verifies how Buseoksa was damaged and transformed by the Repair Work in 1916. Buseoksa which was damaged by the Colonial Administration of Imperial Japan in 1916, was accepted as our traditional Buddhist Temple without any critical judgement. And furthermore, Iljumun was renovated in 1980 without definite historical evidence. Later in 2018, as a representative of Buddhist Temple of South Korea, Buseoksa was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site in the name of 'Sansa, Buddhist Mountain Monasteries in Korea'. Recently, the city of Yeongju has made Buseoksa a tourist resource for the sake of enhancing the local economy and is developing the area on a large scale, and built a large parking area in the site of Yeongji. From the Korean Architectural Perspective, these problems reveal the necessity of basic research through critical judgement.
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Today's architecture refers to the status of art in the modern sense rather than non-representation and formality, and it is captured that cultural consumers continue to imply that Architecture is considered a high culture. Thus, the purpose of this study is to find out the meaning of the ornamental trend of skin-deep and ephemeral of contemporary Architecture through a theoretical review of consumption, not the logic of productivity. Modern avant-garde art to represent progress and modernity accelerated the differentiation of senses by collapsing the orthodox high culture. Meanwhile, modern architecture which combines art and usefulness forced the representation of abstraction as an unspoken Ornamental representing modernity. Due to the strictness of modernism, the spectacle which collectively refers to extreme visibility has been cited in critical discourse. In the society of spectacle and consumption images proliferate illimitably, and everything has been regarded as an object of exchange, and capital reproduces exchange value and sign value. The most strategic resistance in this society is the over-adaptive Simualtion, and consequently tlathe meaning of symbolic exchange can be found. In the flood of images, the bourgeois culture of critical intonation is surrendering to pure culture, and the anti-art experiment of architecture is being attempted steadily. After the limitations of Taylorism and Fordism, architectural mannerism presents the meaning of novelty as a contradictory word, and the logic of unnecessary and excessive ornament appears as a sensitization of architecture. Nowdays architects are constantly creating unusual things, rejecting the present and returning to the system of construction, or conversely leading to the illusion of Baroque mannerism. Unlike personal luxury acting as a means of accumulating capital, contemporary architectural luxury is a cultural experiment on virtuality. Today's architectural luxury for individuals has become like a gift without a price, creating a symbolic exchange, which does not mean novelty and compulsion to overthrow the system. The unproductive consumption of architecture is the consumption of things that are not necessary to approach the essence.
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This study aims to examine the impact of local knowledge on urban regeneration projects regarding urban health; the mediated effects of the physical and socioeconomic aspects of resident-based projects pertaining to the relationship between local knowledge and urban health were analyzed. The spatial scope targeted 25 autonomous districts in the Seoul metropolitan area, and the content scope centered on 53 urban regeneration projects in Seoul with health statistics from the Seoul Metropolitan Government. The time limit was set to seven years from 2012 to 2018, one year after the start of Seoul-type urban regeneration projects. A correlation and multiple regression analysis was conducted to analyze the impact of local knowledge on urban regeneration projects involving urban health. A total of six variables were organized into local knowledge corresponding to independent variables of local status and resident participation, resident-based projects corresponding to mediator variables of physical and socioeconomic projects, and urban health corresponding to dependent variables of mental and physical health. Analysis results of these variables revealed that resident participation in local knowledge had a significant impact on mental health as it relates to urban health through socioeconomic projects that were resident-based projects.
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This study aims to derive a three stage plan to introduce localism within the context of urban regeneration projects. The first step is to establish a local concept based on the definition of local terms with an understanding of the expansion of terms used in various fields. The concept of localism in urban regeneration was derived by examining the local concept in regional studies in the field of sociology. At this time, local-related regional studies confirmed research trends over the past 20 years from the year 2020 to August 2021 by using the search function of the Korean academic journal Index(KCI). The second step examined the conceptual characteristics of localism by examining the terminology found in various fields where the concept of local appeared. BIG KINDS news big data was used to analyze through keywords such social and cultural trends that have changed over the past 30 years. The third step was to find the limitations of localism and introduce measures for urban regeneration projects. After examining the progress of urban regeneration projects, seven previous studies that encompassed empirical methods of surveys, expert opinions, field interviews, and in-depth interviews were reorganized and synthesized, and an alternative to localism in urban regeneration projects was presented.
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Common facilities used by residents are essential elements for forming a sense of community. Appurtenant & welfare facilities, a kind of common facilities for residents in housing districts, were first legislated when the 「Public Housing Act」 was enacted in 1963. In this study, appurtenant & welfare facilities, communal facilities for inhabitants, and basic living infrastructure, which were specifically suggested by each legislation, were analyzed in order to consider the changes in the types, detailed facilities, and installation standards of public facilities as infrastructure. And the situation of the times when meaningful changes took place was reviewed. This study has shown the following; First, the types, detailed facilities, and installation standards of public facilities as infrastructure have changed to reflect the needs of residents of each era. Second, supply plans should be established so that public facilities as infrastructure can operate efficiently. Finally, installation standards of them have changed from the number of households to walking distance and spending time that residents can feel actually. This study has a purpose as a preceding study to discuss new standards for the installation of public facilities as infrastructure in consideration of population reduction and consumer oriented conversion.
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This study aims to discover the differences between nonresident perception and resident satisfaction of urban block housing also known as court-yard housing. There was a tendency in recognizing that the dwelling qualities of urban block housing such as daylight, noise, and privacy were poor compared to grouped flats or grouped towers in Korea. This kind of perception was one of the main reasons why court-yard housing had not been widely adapted except for a few cases in Korea. This study objectifies the prejudice against them in the characteristics of units, courtyards, and neighborhood community streets through a survey conducted on a varied range of people related to building housing complexes; a cross-tabulation test was carried out to verify the homogeneity of these results. It was revealed that people were concerned about the shortage of daylight, but occupants were satisfied with the abundant sunlight made by the mid and low-rise buildings. People anticipated a lot of noise from the courtyard, but residents perceived that to be insignificant. On the contrary, the noise from the neighborhood community street was a real concern. People worried about the invasion of privacy and the closeness of a unit in court-yard housing, however tenants were insusceptible to privacy invasion and recognized the openness of a unit. People showed high expectation and gratification about the street-scope and shops in neighborhood community streets as an important social space for interactions. Consequently, it was confirmed that huge differences between perception and satisfaction of court-yard housing existed. It was inferred that the amenities in court-yard housing wasn't necessarily sufficient amid the familiar circumstances of flats and towers. Negative opinions were being unconsciously reproduced by these social atmospheres that a house was considered more of an economic tool rather than a living space for both consumer and supplier. As a result of this study, the possibility of applying urban block housing or courtyard housing would be easier than before. Various sizes of housing blocks and styles of housing buildings strongly interacting with neighborhood community streets play a pivotal role in rehabilitating the public function of resident areas while vitalizing the community in its respective regions.
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The Outdoor play environment is a very important space in contributing to children's health and development. There are considerable research activities regarding the quantitative distribution and equity of the outdoor play environment. However, in Korea, there are not enough studies examining the equity of children's outdoor play environments. In this study, playgrounds and children's parks data were created and collected using the ArcGIS Pro program to confirm the quantitative differences in outdoor play environments according to the distribution of children in housing poverty in Seoul. By analyzing the spatial distribution pattern of children in housing poverty in Seoul, a total of 26 administrative boundaries were selected as the site. The number and area of play environments for each group was calculated and compared. As a result of the analysis, the low-group with a significant number of children in housing poverty suffered a double deficiency compared to the mid- or high-group in terms of the number, area, density of playgrounds and area of children's parks. To overcome such inequity, it is necessary to supply outdoor play environments more equitably in terms of multidimensional aspects such as the number, area, and density. In addition, it is necessary to consider the area of residence, the number of children, and the main housing type.
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In this study, to fundamentally solve the risk of cross-infection in screening centers responding to infectious diseases, a new non-contact screening center was developed that supplemented the problems of existing screening centers. Numerical analysis was performed on the effectiveness of a ventilation system to remove viral aerosols and prevent cross-infection. Moreover, full-scale field measurements and SF6 tracer gas simulating viral aerosol was used under the same conditions as it was for the numerical analysis, comparison, and verification when CFD simulations were performed. Currently, COVID-19 screening centers operating in Korea can be divided into five types; the risk of cross-infection is very high due to its structure where the movement of medical staff and suspected patients cannot be separated. As a result of the CFD simulation on the ventilation system of a non-contact screening center, among the 3,000 particles generated from a patient, not a single particle was transmitted from the specimen collection booth to the adjacent examination room. More than 99% of the particles were removed by the ventilation system after 559 seconds. As a result of the in-situ measurement, the concentration of SF6 gas generated in the specimen collection booth was effectively reduced by the ventilation system. Additionally, the SF6 gas was not detected in the examination room due to the maintenance of an appropriate differential pressure.
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An accurate occupancy prediction is essential for occupant-centric control (OCC) that saves energy while providing a comfortable indoor environment. Various machine learning-based approaches are being tried to develop an occupancy prediction model. Among these approaches, the performance of the recurrent neural network (RNN) based models, showed strength in time series forecasting and were found to be superb. However, studies related to performance comparison between RNN based models are insufficient; although the model performance had possibility for improvement through optimization. Therefore, in this study the RNN, long short-term memory (LSTM), and gated recurrent unit (GRU) models were developed to predict the number of occupants after 15, 30, and 60 minutes. The optimal models for each prediction horizon were derived through optimization and performance evaluation. As a result, the GRU model presented the best performance. The root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) of the prediction model after 15 minutes was 0.8073, 1.5301, the prediction model after 30 minutes was 1.2841, 2.3386, and 2.0769, 3.3685, for the prediction model after 60 minutes. These results show superior performance compared to the existing RNN based models and signify that it is possible to provide accurate values for various prediction horizons. Thus, if outlier supplementation and addition of the adaptation function are implemented through an algorithm in the future, the developed models are expected to be utilized as a key element for OCC.
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The aim of this study is to find an effective insulation method for the curtain wall type PC(precast concrete) outer wall and floor joint of a rahmen structure apartment built with PC. The insulation performance of the existing case and alternatives in the recently constructed apartment building was evaluated through three-dimensional steady-state heat transfer simulation. As a result, it was found that the existing case needs to reduce thermal bridging effects caused by curtain wall corbels and fastening units and cover the upper fastening unit with sufficient thickness. The first alternative, which moved the position where the curtain wall corbel was supported to the upper part of the girder and sufficiently covered the upper fastening unit, showed that the effective U-factor decreased by 23.5% compared to the existing case. The additional insulation between the curtain wall and the girder of the first alternative reduced the effective U-factor by 32.4%. If the curtain wall corbel is removed, the effective U-factor is reduced by up to 36.3%, but structural analysis is required for field application.
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In this study, the out-of-plane seismic performance of outer masonry walls strengthened on one side with a steel-bar truss system was experimentally evaluated. There were three C-shaped specimens with variables that had the presence or absence of reinforcement on both intersection walls and the door-size opening. The steel-bar truss system used for reinforcement was installed on the inner side of the main outer wall and both intersecting walls. The peak strength in the positive direction of the specimen reinforcement on both the main and intersecting walls was approximately 2.3 times higher than that of the other specimen that was reinforced in only the main wall; the two specimens had similar peak strengths in the negative direction. The peak strength of the specimen with a door-size opening was similar to the specimen without a door-size opening. Therefore, it was determined that the seismic performance of the masonry wall can be greatly improved by reinforcing the main and intersecting walls together rather than reinforcing the main wall exclusively.
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Recently, deep-deck plates has been widely used in the domestic construction market because it can minimize temporary form works with good constructability and economical advantages. In this study, a newly developed Double Rib Unit Deep-Deck (D-deck) plate which can lead to saving story heights has been introduced, and experiments on a total of four D-deck slabs have been carried out to investigate their flexural performances. In addition, in order to analyze the flexural behavior and strength of the D-deck slab according to the degree of composite, nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) was performed for three cases - fully composite, partially composite, and non-composite, and the load-deflection relationship for each case was compared with the experimental results. It was found that the D-Deck slab can be considered as a partially composite member with the friction coefficient of 0.2.
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The HFFB(High Frequency Force Balance) technique can easily obtain the shear force, the overturning moment, and the torsion moment of building. However, there is a blind point that the vertical profile cannot be grasped. The actual wind load does not act as the same force depending on the height direction of the building. Therefore, the shear force at the base of the building calculated through the HFFB technique should be appropriately distributed vertically. The background wind loads are generated by the wind, and it is reasonable to follow the vertical profile of the fluctuating wind force coefficient. In this study, the vertical profile of the fluctuating wind force coefficient was investigated through the wind pressure test. The PIM(Pressure Integration Method) was used to convert the wind pressure data obtained through the wind pressure test into the wind force data. The study model are the rectangular building with aspect ratios of 0.2, 0.25, 0.33, 0.5, 0.66, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5. The vertical profile of the fluctuating wind force coefficient for along-wind direction, across-wind direction, torsional direction according to the change of the aspect ratio was analyzed. As a result, it was confirmed that the vertical profile of the fluctuating wind force coefficient tends to become relatively constant as the wind direction goes from 0° to 45°(When wind direction and structural axis do not coincide).
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An experimental study was performed to investigate the structural behaviors of cold-formed carbon steel square hollow section columns to provide basic data of Korean design specifications for cold-formed steel structures. Specimens were fabricated with carbon steel square pipes for general structural purpose (SRT275). Main variables included the column length of 250mm, 1000mm and 2000mm, section dimension of 50×50mm and 75×75mm and section thickness of 2.0mm and 2.9mm. The initial imperfections of the specimen surface were measured and the material properties of these specimens satisfied the minimum requirement of Korean standards. All of the specimens or stubs with the column length of 250mm showed local buckling. The ultimate state of specimens with 1000mm and 2000mm column lengths were determined by local buckling or global buckling. Despite the large slenderness ratio, local buckling was observed in some specimens with a slender section element and a relatively large width-thickness ratio. Test results were compared with ultimate buckling strengths predicted by current design specifications of the Korean Design Standard (KDS), American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), Eurocode 3 (EC3), and the American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI).
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the flexural behavior of flexural retrofitted shear walls connected to slabs retrofitted with vertical rebar after wall end crushing. The main variable was the application of the flexural retrofit method. The evaluation of the effect of the shear studs when the retrofit method was applied was intentionally constructed with 60% of the actual required number. As a result of this experiment, it was possible to confirm the strength increase of about 56% with the flexural retrofit. As suggested in the previous study, the retrofitted wall and the existing wall exhibited partial composite behavior, which resulted in the deformation of the slab and the phenomenon of the concrete covering falling off. Double curvature appeared as a strain on the upper part of the wall when it was reversed. The part where the moment was reversed appeared to be the upper part of the wall and not the center. It was confirmed that the damage to the slab was greater when the joint section of the existing wall and the new wall were subjected to tension. Additionally, it was judged that this should be considered when designing the retrofit of the slab and the shear wall.
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In response to improper apartment housing maintenance practices, residents can file defect complaints or defect dispute litigations against construction companies. Legal arguments can then be made to address conflicting claims regarding housing and maintenance standards along with repair methods. A considerable amount of money and time are typically spent in these legal matters. To address these problems, conflicting claims and other controversial issues must first be resolved before a defect complaint or defect dispute litigation is issued. In this study, 61 court rulings were examined to analyze the controversies related to apartment housing construction defects. Keywords were derived from these cases using a Python program. The derived keywords were classified by work type, location, cause, and type. The main issues related to work type in housing defect court rulings were tiles, fire doors, paint, trees, and facilities. The data related to these items were compared with defect repair data. Analysis of the court cases of main work types and defect repair data revealed that various construction types such as tiles, wallpaper, equipment, and furniture overlapped. Our analysis revealed that if the derived work types are systematically managed, defect disputes and defect filings could be reduced.
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The quality inspection system of local governments, which was introduced in 2006, was newly established in the Housing Act in 2021 and implemented nationwide. Therefore, this paper compared and analyzed the previous quality inspection system and the subsequent quality inspection system, and created an expert Delphi-style questionnaire. Finally, it was intended to present a plan to improve the quality inspection system by analyzing the satisfaction, expected effects, and side effects of the quality inspection system through IPA. It is summarized in three ways: First, in the visual-centered inspection method, it is necessary to introduce equipment inspection and destruction inspection for necessary construction. Second, it should be operated as a complementary role with the supervision and use inspection system. Third, it is also necessary to check the background construction between the structure and the finishing material.