The variation of MgO surfaces, in which fluorine was contained (F-MgO), by high energy electron-beam (EB) was studied using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Fluorine on the MgO surface was eliminated by EB treatment with the consequence that the electronic structures of Mg, O and C were varied. Moreover, as a result of oxidation of carbon species on the surface by high dose EB treatment (90 kGy), the concentration of carbonate and carboxyl species on the surface was increased. In this experiment, it was confirmed that the structure of oxidized metal surface can be adjusted by varying conditions of EB treatment (energy and dose). This result implies that EB can be applied for developing new catalysts.

Hard magnet was usually used by coating $SiO_2$ ceramic thick films followed by the thermal annealing process. In this work, the alternative annealing process for NdFeB magnets using e-beam sources (1~2 MeV, 50~400 kGy) was investigated. NdFeB magnets was coated with ceramic thick films using the spray method. The optimal annealing parameter for e-beam source reveals to be 1 MeV and 300 kGy. The sample prepared at 1 MeV and 300 kGy was characterized by the analysis of the surface morphology, film hardness, adhesion and chemical stability. The mechanical property of thick film, especially film hardness, is better than that of thermal annealed samples at $180^{\circ}C$. As a result, e-beam annealing process will be one of candidate and attractive heat treatment process. In future, manufacturing process will be carried out in cooperation with the magnet company.

In earlier investigations, seeds of Perilla frutescens(L.) Britt. cv. Chookyoupjaso were irradiated with 200 Gy gamma ray to generate mutagenesis. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a hexane extract from Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. cv. Chookyoupjaso mutant 45 on the actions of anti-inflammatory activity on inducible nitric oxide synthase, and an identification of the major active compound. The hexane extract from P. frutescens exhibited activity of inhibition of a NO production ($IC_{50}$, $295.1{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$). The hexane extract was further divided into subfractions by silica-gel chromatogarphy. Inhibition of the NO production by various fractions was assayed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Among the seven fractions, the 5th fraction was the most effective ($IC_{50}$, $19.5{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$). The 5th fraction suppressed the expression of protein of iNOS in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, and GC/MS analyses showed that isoegomaketone is a major bio-active compound in the 5th fraction. The result indicated that isoegomaketone has a good potential to be developed as an anti-inflammation agent.

The citrus fruits were irradiated at different doses (25~200 kGy) to remove pesticides such as diuron, dichlorbenil, trifluralin, dimetoate, chlorothalonil, fenitrothion, bromacil, phenthoate and norflurazon, and the rates of degradation were detected by using gas chromatography electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The limit of detection (LOD) was in the range of 0.007~0.105 ppm. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was in the range of 0.024~0.352 ppm, and the recoveries of 9 pesticides were in the range of 71.5~106.5%. The results demonstrated that the ${\gamma}$-irradiation was effective method to remove pesticides such as diuron, dichlorbenil, trifluralin, dimetoate, chlorothalonil, fenitrothion, and norflurazon. However, the bromacil and phenthoate showed lower removal rates in the rate of 40.5 and 54.8%, respectively, at 200 kGy irradiation.

Microarrays can be used to screen thousands of binding events in a parallel and high throughput fashion and are of major importance in disease diagnosis and drug discovery. The use of radioisotope is conventionally regarded as one of the most sensitive detection methods. Atherosclerosis is a common disorder affecting arterial blood vessels. It happens when fat, cholesterol, and other substances made in the arterial blood vessels form a hard substances called plaque. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase $A_2$ ($Lp-PLA_2$), a phospholipase $A_2$ enzyme, is used as a marker for cardiac disease. The detection of $Lp-PLA_2$ was accomplished by using radioactive [$^3H-acetyl$] PAF as a substrate and a feasibility study on RI biochip application to detection of $Lp-PLA_2$, a risk factors of atherosclerosis was performed. Inhibitive activity of a native plant extract was also determined by using the RI biochip. It was found to be applicable to a high-throughput screening of inhibitors for developing atherosclerosis therapeutic agents.

This paper describes the preparation of manufacturing a new nanocomposite material, which involves adding a multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) to improve thermal characteristics of poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA). We irradiated the prepared nanocomposites with doses of 50 kGy, 100 kGy and 200 kGy at a dose rate of $5kGy\;hr^{-1}$ and examined their thermal stability, activation energy and crosslink level by using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and gel fraction experiments. TGA results indicated that the samples with a MWCNT had higher Derivative Thermo Gravimetry (DTG) 2nd peak temperatures than those without a MWCNT. And activation energy of the samples reduced as the absorption dose and the MWCNT content increased. Finally, the gel fraction increased rapidly up to 100 kGy as total absorption dose increased, and then the growth rate of all samples was slowly increased from 100 kGy.

Three mineral phosphate solubilizing (MPS) bacteria where isolated from rhizosphere soil samples of common bean and weed plants. 16S rDNA analysis indicated that the isolate P2 and P3 are closely related to Pantoea dispersa while isolate P4 is closely related to Pantoea terrae. Isolates P2 and P3 recorded $381.60{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ and $356.27{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) solubilization respectively on 3 days incubation. Isolate P4 recorded the TCP solubilization of $215.85{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ and the pH was dropped to 4.44 on 24 h incubation. Further incubation of P4 sharply decreased the available phosphorous to $28.94{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ and pH level was raised to 6.32. Gamma radiation induced mutagenesis was carried out at $LD_{99}$ dose of the wild type strains. The total of 14 mutant clones with enhanced MPS activity and 4 clones with decreased activity were selected based on solubilization index (SI) and phosphate solubilization assay. Mutant P2-M1 recorded the highest P-solubilizing potential among any other wild or mutant clones by releasing $504.21{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ of phosphorous i.e. 35% higher than its wild type by the end of day 5. A comparative evaluation of TCP solubilization by wild type isolates of Pantoea and their mutants, led to select three MPS mutant clones such as P2-M1, P3-M2 and P3-M4 with a potential to release >$471.67{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ of phosphorous from TCP. These over expressing mutant clones are considered as suitable candidates for biofertilization.