DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis of Carbon Emission Effects and Hydrogen Prices for Overseas Green Hydrogen Imports by Development of Green Ship

친환경 선박 개발에 따른 해외 그린수소 수입에 대한 탄소 배출 영향 및 수소 단가 분석

  • DO-HYUNG KIM (Division of Policy Research, National Institute of Green Technology) ;
  • YEBIN CHOI (Division of Policy Research, National Institute of Green Technology) ;
  • JI-HYUN OH (Division of Policy Research, National Institute of Green Technology) ;
  • CHUL HO PARK (Division of Policy Research, National Institute of Green Technology)
  • 김도형 (국가녹색기술연구소 정책연구본부) ;
  • 최예빈 (국가녹색기술연구소 정책연구본부) ;
  • 오지현 (국가녹색기술연구소 정책연구본부) ;
  • 박철호 (국가녹색기술연구소 정책연구본부)
  • Received : 2023.10.25
  • Accepted : 2024.02.02
  • Published : 2024.02.28

Abstract

Hydrogen is emerging as an essential material for carbon neutrality. In particular, Korea needs 22.9 million tons of imported clean hydrogen by 2050 to achieve carbon neutrality. However, a large amount of carbon is emitted during the import process, and market regulations are being discussed. This research estimates the carbon emissions of importing green hydrogen from Vietnam, Australia, and the United Arab Emirates to Korea, and calculates imported green hydrogen prices under carbon emission market regulations.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 국가녹색기술연구소 주요사업의 일환으로 추진 중인 '국가 기후기술 혁신 전략 마련을 위한 정책 기반 연구(과제번호: F2330102)'와 '탄소중립·기후변화 적응 분야 종합정보 분석 연구(과제번호: R2410201)'의 지원을 받아 수행되었습니다.

References

  1. Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE), "Basic-plan for implementing the hydrogen economy of Korea", MOTIE, 2021. Retrieved from https://h2hub.or.kr/main/info/policy-industry-techinfo.do?mode=view&articleNo=673&article.offset=40&articleLimit=10. 
  2. Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE), "Hydrogen economy performance and vision as a leading hydrogen nation", MOTIE, 2021. Retrieved from https://www.korea.kr/briefing/pressReleaseView.do?newsId=156474384&call_from=rsslink. 
  3. 2050 Korea Carbon Neutral Green Growth Committee, "National carbon neutrality and green growth basic plan (draft)", 2050 Korea Carbon Neutral Green Growth Committee, 2023. Retrieved from https://www.2050cnc.go.kr/base/board/read?boardManagementNo=2&boardNo=1396&menuLevel=2&menuNo=16. 
  4. H. Hwang, Y. Lee, N. Kwon, S. Kim, Y. Yoo, and H. Lee, "Economic feasibility analysis of an overseas green hydrogen supply chain", Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy, Vol. 33, No. 6, 2022, pp. 616-622, doi: https://doi.org/10.7316/KHNES.2022.33.6.616. 
  5. J. S. Lee, A. Cherif, H. J. Yoon, S. K. Seo, J. E. Bae, H. J. Shin, C. Lee, H. Kwon, and C. J. Lee, "Large-scale overseas transportation of hydrogen: comparative techno-economic and environmental investigation", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 165, 2022, pp. 112556, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2022.112556. 
  6. Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE), "Clean hydrogen certification, taking the first step", MOTIE, 2023. Retrieved from https://eiec.kdi.re.kr/policy/materialView.do?num=237558&pg=&pp=&device=&search_txt=&topic=&type=J&depth1=F0000&depth2=F0700. 
  7. H. Park, "Insurance industry and carbon emissions scope 3", KIRI Report, 2022, pp. 8-10. Retrieved from https://www.kiri.or.kr/publication/list.do?docId=257839&catId=29&parentCatId=0&searchCon=AUTHOR_NAME&searchWord=%EB%B0%95%ED%9D%AC&page=1. 
  8. E. Kim and S. Lee, "Global efforts to achieve carbon neutrality in the industrial sector and implications: focusing on SMEs", Korea Institute for International Economic Policy, 2023. Retrieved from https://www.kiep.go.kr/gallery.es?mid=a10101030000&bid=0001&list_no=10856&act=view. 
  9. International Maritime Organization (IMO), "IMO's work to cut GHG emissions from ships", IMO, 2023. Retrieved from https://www.imo.org/en/MediaCentre/HotTopics/Pages/Cutting-GHG-emissions.aspx. 
  10. J. Loftis, C. Ros, and T. Freeman, "Carbon taxes in the shipping industry-assessing Japan's proposal", Bloomberg Tax, 2022. Retrievend from https://news.bloombergtax.com/daily-tax-report-international/carbon-taxes-in-the-shipping-industry-assessing-japans-proposal. 
  11. H. Kim, S. Park, T. Kim, and S. Choi, "The impact of IMO market-based measures on Korean shipping companies", Korea Maritime Institute, 2022. Retrievend from https://www.kmi.re.kr/web/board/view.do?rbsIdx=280&key=%EC%8B%9C%EC%9E%A5&keyField=search1&idx=60. 
  12. Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF), "Greenship-K development action plan for 2023", MOF, 2023. Retrieved from https://www.mof.go.kr/doc/ko/selectDoc.do?docSeq=48838&menuSeq=375&bbsSeq=9. 
  13. K. Hong, "'K-shipbuilder' widens gap with China with eco-friendly ships", Yonhap Infomax, 2023. Retrieved from https://news.einfomax.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=4277188. 
  14. A. Kim, C. Choe, S. Cheon, and H. Lim, "Economic and environmental impact analyses on supply chains for importing clean hydrogen from Australia in the Republic of Korea", Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy, Vol. 33, No. 6, 2022, pp. 623-635, doi: https://doi.org/10.7316/KHNES.2022.33.6.623. 
  15. T. Thanh, "Construction of the largest green hydrogen plant in Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam... commercial production scheduled for 2025", Inside VINA, 2023. Retrieved from http://www.insidevina.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=23374. 
  16. J. Sung, "Vietnam uses coastal bunkering to export green ammonia", Monthly Hydrogen Economy, 2022. Retrieved from https://www.h2news.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=9931. 
  17. S. Ahn, "Australia's Queensland state pursues hydrogen export plan to Korea", Governors Association of the Republic of Korea, 2021. Retrieved from https://www.gaok.or.kr/gaok/bbs/B0000003/view.do?nttId=13715&searchCnd=&searchWrd=&gubun=&delCode=&useAt=&replyAt=&menuNo=200022&sdate=&edate=&viewType=&type=&siteId=&option1=&option2=&option5=&pageIndex. 
  18. Dubai Electricity & Water Authority, "The green hydrogen project at the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park supports the UAE's leadership and competitiveness in green hydrogen markets", Government of Dubai, 2022. Retrieved from https://www.dewa.gov.ae/en/about-us/media-publications/latest-news/2022/09/the-green-hydrogen-project. 
  19. A. Bhashyam, "Hydrogen Project Valuation Model (H2Val 1.1.4)", BloombergNEF, 2023.
  20. International Energy Agency (IEA), "The future of hydrogen: data and assumptions", IEA, 2020. Retrieved from https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-hydrogen/data-and-assumptions. 
  21. MAN Energy Solutions, "Shipping en route to Paris Agreement overshoot", MAN Energy Solutions, 2022. Retrieved from https://www.man-es.com/docs/default-source/marine/tools/shipping-en-route-to-paris-agreement-overshoot.pdf?sfvrsn=26aa6716_8. 
  22. K. Harrison, "Long-term carbon offsets outlook 2023", BloombergNEF, 2023.
  23. A. Vasdev, P. Radoia, L. Amorim, and N. Nsitem, "LCOE comparison and visualization data-forecast", BloombergNEF, 2023.
  24. Trading Economics, "Natural gas: 2023 data: 1990-2022 historical", Trading Economics, 2023. Retrieved from https://tradingeconomics.com/commodity/natural-gas. 
  25. OpenStreetMap, "Sea route & distance", Ports.com, 2023. Retrieved from http://ports.com/sea-route/. 
  26. International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), "Innovation outlook: renewable methanol", IRENA, 2021. Retrieved from https://www.irena.org/publications/2021/Jan/Innovation-Outlook-Renewable-Methanol. 
  27. DNV, "Energy transition outlook 2019", DNV, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.dnv.com/publications/energy-transition-outlook-2019-168414. 
  28. Organization for Economic Co-operative Development (OECD) and Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), "OECD-FAO agricultural outlook 2021-2030", OECD, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1787/19428846-en. 
  29. J. L. L. C. C. Janssen, M. Weeda, R. J. Detz, and B. van der Zwaan, "Country-specific cost projections for renewable hydrogen production through off-grid electricity systems", Applied Energy, Vol. 309, 2022, pp. 118398, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118398.