벤처창업연구 (Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship)

  • 제18권3호
  • /
  • Pages.127-139
  • /
  • 2023
  • /
  • 1975-7557(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2671-9509(eISSN)
한국벤처창업학회 (The Korean Society of Business Venturing)
권호 표지

스타트업의 완벽한 사업계획서는 성공을 보장하는가?: 사업계획서의 완성도와 경영성과를 중심으로

Can a Perfect Business Plan For a Startup Guarantee Success?: Focusing on the Completeness of the Business Plan and Firm's Performance

  • 박현영 ((주)나비앤코) ;
  • 이우진 (국민대학교 글로벌창업벤처대학원/경영학부)
  • Park, Hyun Young (Graduate School of Global Entrepreneurship at Kookmin University, Navi&CO Co., Ltd.) ;
  • Lee, Woo Jin (Kookmin University)
  • 투고 : 2023.05.16
  • 심사 : 2023.06.28
  • 발행 : 2023.06.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

창업을 준비하고 시작하는 과정에서 스타트업의 창업가는 사업계획(Business Plan)을 세우는 데 많은 시간을 할애한다. 이러한 과정에서 문서로 정리된 사업계획서는 사업의 로드맵 역할 뿐 아니라, 자본조달과 창업 팀 내부의 커뮤니케이션 도구로도 활용된다. 그런데, 창업가들이 이렇게 공들여 완성시켜가는 사업계획서는 실제 스타트업의 성과창출에 효과가 있을까? 이러한 질문의 답을 찾기 위해 본 연구는 사업계획서가 스타트업의 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 추가적으로 창업가가 생각하는 사업계획서의 만족도에 따라 사업계획서와 성과와의 영향관계가 어떻게 변화하는지도 분석하였다. 분석을 통해 사업계획의 완성도와 이에 대한 창업가의 만족이 스타트업의 성과와 어떠한 영향관계가 있는지 검증하고 시사점을 도출하였다. 본 연구의 실증분석을 위해 150명의 창업가를 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하였고, 사업계획서의 완성도와 성과사이의 회귀분석 후 대상을 창업 3년 미만과 3년 이상으로 분리하여 2차 분석을 진행하였다. 분석결과 스타트업의 사업계획서 완성도는 재무적 및 비재무적 경영성과와 모두 정(+)의 영향관계가 있으며, 이 관계에서 창업가의 사업계획에 대한 스스로의 만족도가 재무적 경영성과에는 조절효과를 나타내는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 창업한지 얼마 되지 않은 3년 미만의 스트타업의 경우에는 창업가의 사업계획에 대한 스스로의 만족도가 사업계획서의 완성도와 비재무적 성과와의 관계에서 조절효과를 나타내는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 창업초기 스타트업의 지속가능한 성장을 위한 방안으로 사업계획서 작성의 필요성을 재조명하고 그 중요성을 실증적으로 입증하였다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 본 연구를 통해 향후 스타트업 창업가들이 사업계획에 대한 중요성을 잘 이해하고 초기창업의 실패를 낮추는데 기여 할 수 있는 실마리가 되길 기대한다.

During the process of preparing for and initiating a startup, startup entrepreneurs allocate a significant amount of time to developing a business plan. Within this process, the documented business plan serves not only as a roadmap for the venture but also as a communication tool for capital acquisition and internal team collaboration. However, is the business plan, meticulously crafted by entrepreneurs, actually effective in generating startup performance? To answer this question, this study empirically analyzed the impact of a business plan on startup performance. Additionally, it examined how the relationship between the business plan and performance changes based on the satisfaction levels of entrepreneurs regarding the business plan. Through the analysis, the study validated the influence of the completeness of the business plan and entrepreneurial satisfaction on startup performance, and derived implications. To conduct the empirical analysis, a survey was conducted among 150 entrepreneurs. Regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between the completeness of the business plan and performance, and the sample was further divided into two groups: startups with less than three years of operation and startups with three or more years of operation, for secondary analysis. The analysis results revealed that the completeness of the startup's business plan has a positive impact on both financial and non-financial performance. Furthermore, it is observed that the entrepreneur's satisfaction with the business plan had a moderating effect on the relationship between the business plan and financial performance. Moreover, for startups that are less than three years old, the entrepreneur's satisfaction with the business plan exhibits a moderating effect on the relationship between the completeness of the business plan and non-financial performance. This study holds significance as it reaffirms the importance of business plan development as a means to achieve sustainable growth for early-stage startups and empirically validates its significance. It is expected that this study will provide valuable insights for future startup entrepreneurs to better understand the importance of business planning and contribute to reducing the failure rate of early-stage startups.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Amit, R., & Schoemaker, P. J.(1993). Strategic Assets and Organization Rent. Strategic Management Journal, 14(1), 33-46. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250140105
  2. Ahn, H. J., & Lee, S. H.(2021). The effect of business plan education on entrepreneurship activities. Korean Journal of Entrepreneurship, 16(6), 237-260.
  3. Barney, J.(1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
  4. Barringer, B. R., & Ireland, R. D.(2006). Entrepreneurship: Successfully Launching New Ventures (What's New in Management). Indiana: Pearson
  5. Burke, A., Fraser, S., & Greene, F. J.(2010). The multiple effects of business planning on new venture performance. Journal of management studies, 47(3), 391-415. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00857.x
  6. Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P.(1990). New venture strategic posture, structure, and performance: An industry life cycle analysis. Journal of business venturing, 5(2), 123-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(90)90004-D
  7. Chambers, D., Simpson, L., Neta, G., Schwarz, U. V. T., Percy-Laurry, A., Aarons, G. A., ... & Jones, E. (2017). Proceedings from the 9 th annual conference on the science of dissemination and implementation: Washington, DC, USA. 14-15 December 2016. Implementation Science, 12, 1-55.
  8. Choi, J. M., & Jo, K. R.(2021). Exploration of location factors for the integration of innovative start-up companies. Regional Development Research, 53(3), 41-70.
  9. Daft, R. L., Steers, R. M., & Richard, M.(1986). Organizations: a Micro/Macro Approach. Foresman Series in Management and Organizations.
  10. Dess, G. G., & Robinson Jr, R. B.(1984). Measuring organizational performance in the absence of objective measures: the case of the privately-held firm and conglomerate business unit. Strategic management journal, 5(3), 265-273.
  11. Donaldson, T.(2000). Excerpt from the child care in practice annual report and business plan 1999-2002. Child Care in Practice, 6(2), 201-205. https://doi.org/10.1080/13575270008413205
  12. GEM(Global Entrepreneurship Monitor)(2001). GEM보고서. Retrieved(2022. 11. 10.), https://www.gemconsortium.org.
  13. GEM(Global Entrepreneurship Monitor)(2001). GEM report. Retrieved(2022. 11. 10.), https://www.gemconsortium.org.
  14. Grant, R. M.(1991). The Resource-Based Theory of Competitve Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formulation. California Management Review, 33(3), 114-135. https://doi.org/10.2307/41166664
  15. Govindarajan, V.(1984). Appropriateness of accounting data in performance evaluation: an empirical examination of environmental uncertainty as an intervening variable. Accounting, organizations and society, 9(2), 125-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-3682(84)90002-3
  16. Guta, A. J.(2014). The role and importance of the business plan in starting and running a business opportunity. Annals of the University of Petroşani. Economics, 14, 119-126.
  17. Henricks, M.(2002). Business plans made easy. USA: Entrepreneur Press.
  18. Hyytinen, A., & Toivanen, O.(2015). Do financial constraints hold back innovation and growth?. Research policy, 1385-1403.
  19. KAUFFMAN(2012). KAUFFMAN FASTTRAC. PLANNING THE ENTREPRENEURIAL VENTURE STUDENT. USA: Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation.
  20. Kim, H. C.(2011). A study on the effect of suitability between internal capabilities and management strategies of venture companies on management performance. Korean Journal of Business Administration, 24(2), 769-787.
  21. Ko, I. G., Lee, S. S., & Kim, D. H.(2006). A study on the relationship between components of a business plan and corporate performance. Proceedings of the Korean Society of Venture Entrepreneurship Conference, 2006(4), 45-75.
  22. Ko, I. G.(2011). A study on the effect of business plans on business performance. Venture Startup Research, 6(4), 111-135.
  23. Ko, S. H., Yu, W. J., & Lee, Y. B.(2013). An empirical study on the structural relationship between competitive strategies and management performance of small and medium-sized venture companies, and productivity research. International Journal of Convergence, 27(1), 225-260.
  24. Lamey, L., Deleersnyder, B., Dekimpe, M. G., & Steenkamp, J. B. E.(2007). How business cycles contribute to private-label success: Evidence from the United States and Europe. Journal of marketing, 71(1), 1-15.
  25. Lee, G. W., & Park, H. S.(2015). The effect of entrepreneurial attributes of small business owners on differentiation-oriented competitive advantage and management performance. Venture Startup Research, 10(1), 69-82.
  26. Lee, H. H., HwangBo, Y., & Gong, C. H.(2017). A study on the factors determining the early success of a startup. Venture Startup Research, 12(1), 1-13.
  27. Lee, M. H.(2011). The effect of brand evidence of hotel companies on conversion barriers and relationship performance. Culinary Science & Hospitality Research, 17(5), 139-153. https://doi.org/10.20878/cshr.2011.17.5.010
  28. Longenecker, J. G., Moore, C. W., & Petty, J. W.(1997). Credit Scoring and the Small Business: A Review and the Need for Research. Annual World Conference-International Council for Small Business, 143-160.
  29. Lee, S. H.(2009). The effect of skin care on individual self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Journal of the Korean Society of Beauty Art, 10(4), 127-140.
  30. Lee, S. H., & Noh, S. H.(2014). A Study on the Success Factors of Startup Companies by ICT Convergence Type: Focusing on Case Studies. Digital Convergence Research, 12(12), 203-215.
  31. Lee, Y. S., Lee, S. J., & Shin, H. J.(2018). An empirical study on entrepreneurs' entrepreneurial motivation and job creation. Journal of Economics, 47(4), 783-805.
  32. Ministry of SMEs and Startups(2019). Livelihood Startup Opportunity Startup. Retrieved(2022. 11. 17.), https://mss.go.kr/site/smba/ex/bbs/View.do?cbIdx=86&bcIdx=1009945.
  33. Moon, H. S.(2020). Effects of seasonal food perception on food selection attributes and satisfaction. Restaurant Management Research, 23(6), 7-27.
  34. Naver Knowledge Encyclopedia(2022). Innovative SMEs. Retrieved(2022. 11. 07.), https://terms.naver.com/entry.naver?docId=1607665&cid=50305&categoryId=50305.
  35. O'Hara, D. P.(1995). The Total Business Plan, 2nd Eds.. NewYork: John Wiley & Sons.
  36. Park, H. Y.(2022). The Effect of Business Plan Completeness on Startup Performance: Focusing on the Moderating Effect of Entrepreneurs' Self-satisfaction on the Business Plan. Master's thesis, Graduate School of Global Entrepreneurship, Kookmin University,
  37. Parks, B., Olson, P. D., & Bokor, D. W.(1991). Don't Mistake Business Plans for Planning (It May Be Dangerous to Your Financial Health). Journal of Small Business Strategy, 2(1), 15-24.
  38. Perry, C. S.(2001). The Relationship between Written Business Plans and theFailure of Small Businesses in the U. S.. Journal of Small Business Management, 39(3), 201-208. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-627X.00019
  39. Peter Drucker(2013). Peter Drucker's Future Management (translated by J.G.Lee). Seoul: Cheonglim Publishing.
  40. Pyo, W. J., & Ha, H. H.(2015). A case study on the use of business model canvas for business diagnosis and consulting of small start-up companies. Journal of Korean Contents Society, 15(10), 561-569.
  41. Tsai, W. M. H., MacMillan, I. C., & Low, M. B.(1991). Effects of strategy and environment on corporate venture success in industrial markets. Journal of Business Venturing, 6(1), 9-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(91)90003-V
  42. Valle, S., Fernandez, E., & Avella, L.(2003). New product development process: strategic and organisational success factors. International journal of manufacturing technology and management, 5(3), 197-209.
  43. Wernerfelt, B.(1984). A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5(2), 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250050207
  44. WOLMA, P. G.(1989). JOB-SATISFACTION OF SOUTH-CAROLINA DIETITIANS. Journal of The American Dietetic Assoclation; JUL. 89(7), 979-981.
  45. Won, H. S., Hong, J. H., & Cha, J. H.(2015). The effect of entrepreneurship of CEOs of SMEs on business performance. Commercial Education Research, 29(1), 309-340.
  46. Yun, B. S., & Seo, Y. W.(2016). A study on the effects of preparation and early-stage activities of start-up companies on their performance. Venture Startup Research, 11(4), 1-15.
  47. Yun, J. R., Kim, H. C., & Kim, H. J.(2010). A study on the effect of suitability between internal competency and competitive strategy of venture companies on management performance. Korean Entrepreneurship Association Autumn Conference Presentation, 129-151.