Journal of Wind Energy (풍력에너지저널)

Korea Wind Energy Association (한국풍력에너지학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Review on Environmental Impact Assessment of Offshore Wind Farms Related to the life-history of Marine Birds on the Korean Peninsula

한반도 해양성 조류의 생활사적 특성을 고려한 해상풍력발전 환경영향평가에 대한 고찰

  • Seungyeon Lee ;
  • Who-Seung Lee
  • 이승연 ( 한국환경연구원 국토정책평가실) ;
  • 이후승 (한국환경연구원 국토정책평가실)
  • Received : 2023.06.05
  • Accepted : 2023.08.30
  • Published : 2023.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Offshore wind farms (OWFs) should be promoted as part of global efforts to respond to climate change, and efforts to preserve biodiversity in terms of climate change adaptation should also be considered. However, the ecological status of marine birds related to OWFs on the Korean Peninsula, such as habitat and reproduction, are not well known. In this study, ecological reasons for the reproductive status of Black-tailed gulls in Korea and representation related to OWFs, the evaluation direction of marine birds related to OWFs was presented. In a review of the techniques for monitoring marine birds, it was confirmed that Korea also needs to provide basic status information on marine birds at the national level. In addition, this study analyzed the reproductive status and related research status of Black-tailed gulls, an important indicator and dominant species on the Korean Peninsula, in relation to marine development projects including OWFs. Furthermore, the direction of environmental impact assessment preparation and impact prediction for various development projects promoted in the ocean, such as OWFs, was considered.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

논문에 대해 많은 시간을 들여 심사와 의견을 주신 편집위원과 익명의 심사위원들께 진심으로 감사드립니다. 본 논문은 산업통상자원부(MOTIE)와 한국에너지기술평가원(KETEP) '신재생에너지핵심기술개발사업(NO.20203030020080)'의 지원을 받아 한국환경연구원이 수행한 "해상풍력 단지 해양공간 환경 영향 분석 및 데이터베이스 구축(2022-007(R))" 사업의 지원으로 작성되었습니다.

References

  1. Lyer G., Ou Y., Edmonds J., Fawcett A. A., Hultman N., McFarland J., Fuhrman J., Waldhoff S. and McJeon H., 2022, "Ratcheting of climate pledges needed to limit peak global warming," Nature Climate Change, Vol. 12, pp. 1129-1135.
  2. Fankhauser S., Smith S. M., Allen M., Axelsson K., Hale T., Hepburn C., Kendall J. M., Khosla R., Lezaun J., Mitchell-Larson E., Obersteiner M., Rajamani L., Rickaby R., Seddon N. and Wezer T., 2022, "The meaning of net zero and how to get it right," Nature Climate Change, Vol. 12, pp. 15-21.
  3. Kaldellis J. K., Apostolous D., Kapsali M. and Kondili E., 2016, "Environmental and social footprint of offshore wind energy: Comparison with onshore counterpart," Renewable Energy, Vol. 92, pp. 532-556.
  4. Dedecca J. G., Hakvoort R. A. and Ortt J. R., 2016, "Market strategies for offshore wind in Europe: a development and diffusion perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 66, pp. 286-296.
  5. Garthe S., Schwemmer H. S., Peschko V., Markones N., Muller S., Schwemmer P. and Mercker M., 2023, "Large-scale effects of offshore wind farms on seabirds of high conservation concern," Scientific reports, Vol. 13, pp. 4779.
  6. NatureScot., 2023. Advice on marine renewable development. https://www.nature.scot/professional-advice/planning-and-development/planning-and-development-advice/renewable-energy/marine-renewables/advice-marine-renewables-development.
  7. McGowan K., 2001. The world of birds. In: Podulka S, Rohrbaugh R, Bonney R. (Eds.), Handbook of Bird Biology. The Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY.
  8. Schreiber E. A., Burger J. 2001, Biology of Marine Birds. CRC Press, NY.
  9. Ministry of Environment, 2007, 3rd Naitonal Natural Environment Survey (Baeknyeong). (in Korean).
  10. Choi H. S., 2010, Development of mitigated habitat model for conservation of Black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) during breeding season in Korea. Master Degree thesis, Seoul National University.
  11. National Institute of Environmental Research, 2007 Survey of specific islands (Ongjin), Ministry of Environment.
  12. National Institute of Ecology, 2017, 2016 Natural Environment Survey in National unmanned island (Yeonggwang), Ministry of Environment.
  13. Han-river Basin Environmental Office, 2014 Survey of specific islands (Gangwha and Ongjin), Ministry of Environment.
  14. National Institute of Ecology, 2016, 2015 Natural Environment Survey in National unmanned island (Incheon Area 1), Ministry of Environment.
  15. National Institute of Ecology, 2019 2018 Survey of specific islands (Sinan Southern 1), Ministry of Environment.
  16. National Institute of Environmental Research, 2007, 2007 Natural Environment Survey in National unmanned island (Yeonggwang), Ministry of Environment.
  17. Cultural Heritage Administration, 2006, 2006 Monitoring of Natural Monuments.
  18. Han-river Basin Environmental Office, 2006 Survey of specific islands, Ministry of Environment.
  19. National Institute of Ecology, 2014, 2014 Natural Environment Survey in National unmanned island (Incheon Area 1), Ministry of Environment.
  20. Research Institute of Ulleungdo and Dokdo, 2019, 2019 Report on Dokdo Natural reserve monitoring project(birds), Kyungpook National University, Daegu.
  21. Atlasnews, Exploring the East Coast... the Blacktailed gulls on Wolmido Island, Jangho, Available online: http://www.atlasnews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=5254, accessed on date (예: June 01, 2023).
  22. Barta Z. and Giraldeau L., 2001, "Breeding colonies as information centers: a reappraisal of information-based hypotheses using the producer-scrounger game," Behavioral Ecology, Vol. 12, pp. 121-127.
  23. Brzeninski M., Chibowski P., Gornia J., Gorecki G. and Zalewski A., 2018, "Spatio-temporal variation in nesting success of colonial waterbirds under the impact of a non-native invasive predator," Oecologia, Vol. 188, pp. 1037-1047.
  24. Shoji A., Aris-Brosou S., Fayet A., Padget O., Perrins C. and Guilford T., 2015, "Dual foraging and pair coordination during chick provisioning by Manx Shearwaters: empirical evidence supported by a simple model," Journal of Experimental Biology, Vol. 218, pp. 2116-2123.
  25. Gremillet D., Ponchon A., Paleczny M., Palomares M. D., Karpouzi V. and Pauly D., 2018, "Persisting worldwide seabird-fishery competition despite seabird community decline," Current Biology, Vol. 28, pp. 4009-4013.
  26. Yang M. S., Yun S., Hong M. J., Moon Y. M., Yoo J. C. and Lee W. S., 2022, "Marine litter pollution of breeding colony and habitat use patterns of Black-tailed gulls in South Korea," Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 185, pp. 114363.
  27. Kavelaars M. M., Baert J. M., Stienen E. W. M., Shamoun-Baranes J., Lens L. and Muller W., 2020, "Breeding habitat loss reveals limited foraging flexibility and increases foraging effort in a colonial breeding seabird," Movement Ecology, Vol. 8, pp. 45.
  28. Warwick-Evans V., Atkinson P. W., Walkington I. and Green J. A., 2017, "Predicting the impacts of wind farms on seabirds: an individual-based model," Journal of Applied Ecology, Vol. 55, pp. 503-515.
  29. Song S. and Beissinger S. R., 2020, "Environmental and ecological correlates of avian field metabolic rate and water flux," Functional Ecology, Vol. 34, pp. 811-821.
  30. Won B. O. and Kim H. J., 2012, The Birds of Korea, Academic Press, Seoul (in Korean)
  31. Lee W. S., Kwon Y. S., Yoo J. C., Song M. Y. and Chon T. S., 2006, "Multivariate analysis and self-organizing mapping applied to analysis of nest-site selection in Black-tailed gulls," Ecological Modelling, Vol. 193, pp. 602-614..
  32. Lee W. S., Kwon Y. S. and Yoo J. C., 2008, "Habitat selection by Black-tailed gulls on Hongdo Island, Korea," Waterbirds, Vol. 31, pp. 495-501.
  33. Kwon Y. S., Lee W. S. and Yoo J. C., 2006, "Clutch size and breeding success of Black-tailed gulls (Larus crassirostris) at Hongdo Island, Southeast Coast of South Korea," Ocean and Polar Research, Vol. 28, pp. 201-207. (in Korean)
  34. Kwon Y. S., 1998, Some aspects of the breeding biology of the Black-tailed gull Larus crassirostris, PhD thesis, Kyunghee University, Seoul.
  35. Kim M., Park C. U. and Kwon Y. S., 2016, "Negative impacts of human activities on seabirds in Korea National Park," Journal of National Park Research, Vol. 7, pp. 111-117. (in Korean)
  36. Korea Environment Institute, 2020, Annual Report of Environmental Impact analysis on the Offshore Wind Farm and Database System Development. KETEP.
  37. Kim M., Lee Y. S., Choi S. J., Kim Y. M., Kim J. H., Hwang B. Y. and Kwon Y. S., 2022, "Status of Black-tailed gulls breeding on Hongdo (Hallyeohaesang National Park) and Nando Island,", Journal of National Park Research, Vol. 13, pp. 61-66. (in Korean)
  38. KEI, 2022, Spatial analysis and establish movement DB of marine birds for environmental evaluation of offshore wind farms, Ministry of Environment. (in Korean)
  39. Hong M. J., Kim M., Lee H. and Choi S. M., 2019, "First report of annual habitat ranges in Black-tailed gulls (Larus crassirostris) breeding on Dokdo Island," Ocean and Polar Research, Vol. 41, pp. 99-105. (in Korean)
  40. Rho B. H., Yoo M. N. and Lim Y. S., 2011, A study on the evaluation of the suitability of endangered species for the development project, Ministry of Environment, South Korea. (in Korean)
  41. Peschko V., Mercker M. and Garthe S., 2020, "Telemetry reveals strong effects of offshore wind farms on behaviour and habitat use of common guillemots (Uria aalge) during the breeding season," Marine Biology, Vol. 167, pp. 118.
  42. Searle K. R., O'Brien S. H., Jones E. L., Cook A. S. C. P., Trinder M. N., McGregor R. M., Donovan C., McCluskie A., Daunt F. and Bulter A., 2023, "A framework for improving treatment of uncertainty in offshore wind assessments for protected marine birds," ICES Journal of Marine Science (In press)
  43. Morris W. F. and Doak D. F.. 2002, Quantitative conservation biology: Theory and practice of population viability analysis. Sinauer Assoc Inc. Sunderland.
  44. Horswill C., Miller J. A. O. and Wood M. J., 2021, "Impact assessments of wind farms on seabird populations that overlook existing drivers of demographic change should be treated with caution," Conservation Science and Practice, Vol. 4, pp. e12644.
  45. Morinay J., Riotte-Lambert L., Aarts G., De Pascalis F., Imperio S., Morganti M., Catoni C., Assandri G., Ramellini S., Rubolini D. and Cecere J. G., 2023, "Within-colony segregation of foraging areas: from patterns to processes," OIKOS (In press).
  46. Butler R. W., Williams T. D., Warnock N. and Bishop M. A., 1997, "Wind assistance: a requirement for migration of shorebirds?" The Auk, Vol. 114, pp. 456-466.
  47. Nussbaumer R., Schmid B., Bauer S. and Liechti F., 2002, "Favorable winds spped up bird migration in spring but not in autumn," Ecology and Evolution, Vol. 12, pp. e9146.
  48. Weimerskirch H., 2007, "Are seabirds foraging for unpredicable resources?" Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, Vol. 54, pp. 211-223.
  49. Bradbury G., Trinder M., Furness B., Banks A. N., Caldow R. W. G. and Hume D., 2014, "Mapping seabird sensitivity to offshore wind farms," PLoS One, Vol. 12, pp. e0170863.
  50. Lee W. S. and Jeong S. G., 2021, "Ecological issues and improvement directions of marine wind power generation for Carbon-Neutral transition," KEI Focus, Vol. 9, pp. 1-16 (In Korean).
  51. Yong D. L, Liu Y., Low B. W., Espanola C. P., Choi C. Y. and Kawakami K., 2015, "Migratory songbirds in the East Asian-Australasian Flyway: a review from a conservation perspective," Bird Conservation International, Vol. 25, pp. 1-37.
  52. Alves J. A., Gunnarsson T. G., Hayhow D. B., Appleton G. F., Potts P. M., Sutherland W. J. and Gill J. A., 2013, "Costs, benefits, and fitness consequences of different migratory strategies," Ecology, Vol. 94, pp. 11-17.
  53. Hong M. J., Choi J. H., Kim J. S., Yun S. H., Kang K. H., Bae G. W., Lee W. S. and Yoo J. C., 2019, "Necessity of bird monitoring for assessing impacts of offshore wind farms on birds," Journal of Wind Energy, Vol. 10, pp. 31-41 (In Korean).
  54. Green R. E., Langston R. H. W., McCluskie A., Sutherland R. and Wilson J. D., 2016, "Lack of sound science in assessing wind farm impacts on seabirds," Journal Applied Ecology, Vol. 53, pp. 1635-1641.
  55. Masden E. A., Fox A. D., Furness R. W., Bullman R. and Haydon D. T., 2009, "Cumulative impact assessments and bird/wind farm interactions: developing a conceptural framework," Environmental Impact Assessment Review, Vol. 30, pp. 1-7.
  56. Gilbert G., Gibbons D. W. and Evans J., 2012, Bird Monitoring Methods: a manual of techniques for key UK species. RSPB.
  57. Spear L. B., Ainley D. G., Hardesty B. D., Howell S. N. G. and Webb S. W., 2004, "Reducing biases affecting at-sea surveys of seabirds: use of multiple observer teams," Marine Ornithology, Vol. 32, pp. 147-157.
  58. Piggott A., Vulcano A. and Mitchell D., 2021, Impact of offshore wind development on seabirds in the North Sea and Baltic Sea: Identification of data sources and at-risk species. BirdLife International.
  59. Bishop A. M., Brown C. L., Christie K. S., Kettle A. B., Larsen G. D., Renner H. M. and Younkins L., 2022, "Surveying cliff-nesting seabirds with unoccupied aircraft systems in the Gulf of Alaska," Polar Biology, Vol. 45, pp. 1703-1714.
  60. Kim H. W., Kim Y. H., An Y. R., Park K. J. and An D. H., 2014, "Seabird distribution patterns by strip transect in the Yellow sea in Spring," Korea Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Vol. 47, pp. 973-977. (in Korean)
  61. JNCC, 2022, OWSMRF Research Opportunity 1.2: Co-ordinated, strategic GPS tracking programme: multiple colonies. Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Peterborough.
  62. KECC, 2019. Environmental impact assessment on the construction project of Yeonggwang Nakwol Offshore wind farms. Myeongwoon Industrial Development. (in Korean).
  63. Wicikowski A., Zein B., Goddard B., Sweeney S., Coppack T. and McGovern S., 2022, Collection of seabird flight height data at an operational offshore Wind Farm using aircraft mounted LiDAR. Marine Scotland.
  64. Farr H., Ruttenberg B., Walter R. K., Wang Y. H. and White C., 2021, "Potential environmental effects of deepwater floating offshore wind energy facilities," Ocean and Coastal Management, Vol. 27, pp. 105611.
  65. van Kooten T., Soudijn F., Tulp I., Chen C., Benden D., and Leopold M., 2019. The consequences of seabird habitat loss from offshore wind turbines, version 2 - displacement and population level effects in 5 selected species, Wageningen Marine Research, IJmuiden.
  66. [National Institute of Ecology, 2022, 2021 Survey of spatial use in marine birds around protected areas, Ministry of Environment.