롤 모델의 창업자 특성차이에 대한 영향에 관한 연구

A Study on the Effects of Role Models on Differences in Entrepreneurs' Characteristics

  • 이주헌 (연세대학교 글로벌창의융합대학 경영학부)
  • Joo-Heon Lee (Yonsei University, College of Humanities & Social Sciences Convergence)
  • 투고 : 2023.03.14
  • 심사 : 2023.04.18
  • 발행 : 2023.04.30

초록

롤 모델은 개인의 직업 혹은 경력선택에 영향을 주기도 한다고 알려져 있다. 창업을 선택함에 있어서 롤 모델의 긍정적 영향은 많은 연구를 통해 이미 밝혀진 바가 있다. 롤 모델로는 혈연으로 연결된 가족 구성원인 부모형제 및 친척뿐만 아니라 사회적 관계로 만난 지인을 롤 모델로 선정한다고 한다. 본 연구에서는 자기이외에 롤 모델이 없는 창업자들과 롤 모델이 있는 창업자들로 구분하였다. 그리고 롤 모델이 있는 창업자들과 롤 모델이 없는 창업자들 간에 개인속성, 기업가정신 요인들, 학습지향성의 차이를 검증하고자 하였다. 또, 부모형제 및 친척 롤 모델을 강한 유대의 롤 모델로 지인 롤 모델을 약한 유대의 롤 모델로 구분하였다. 강한 유대 롤 모델을 가진 창업자들과 약한 유대 롤 모델을 가진 창업자들 간에 개인속성, 혁신성, 진취성, 위험감수성, 학습지향성의 차이를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 요인분석, t-검증 및 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구를 통해 밝혀진 실증분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 롤 모델이 없는 창업자들 중 여성의 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 약한 유대의 롤 모델을 가진 창업자들이 강한 유대의 롤 모델을 가진 창업자들에 비해 큰 규모의 창업기업을 운영한다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 셋째, 약한 유대의 롤 모델을 가진 창업자들이 강한 유대의 롤 모델을 가진 창업자들에 비해 학습지향성이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 로지스틱 회귀분석을 통해 살펴본 결과 롤 모델의 유무에 대한 영향은 성별, 학습지향성, 위험감수성, 창업규모 순인 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과에서 롤 모델의 유형에 대한 영향은 학습지향성, 창업규모의 순인 것으로 나타났다.

Role models are also known to influence an individual's job or career choice. The positive effect of role models on entrepreneurship has already been revealed through many precious researches. It is said that people choose not only family members who are related by blood, such as parents, siblings, and relatives, but also acquaintances whom they have met through social relationships as role models. In this study, we divided into entrepreneurs with no role models other than themselves and entrepreneurs with role models. In addition, we classified parental siblings and relative role models as role models with strong ties, and acquaintance role models as role models with weak ties. We analyzed the differences in personal attributes, entrepreneurial orientation factors, and learning orientation between the entrepreneurs with role models and those without role models. Also, the differences in personal attributes, innovativeness, proactiveness, risk-taking propensity, and learning orientation between the entrepreneurs with strong ties role models and those with weak ties role models were examined. The empirical analysis results are as follows. First, it was found that the proportion of women entrepreneurs without role models is higher. Second, the entrepreneurs with role models with weak ties tend to run larger scale start-ups. Third, it was found that the entrepreneurs with role models of weak ties tend to have higher learning orientation. Fourth, gender shows the greatest influence on th absence or presence of role models. Fifth, it was found that learning orientation and startup size have the greatest influence on the decision of the role model with weak ties or that with strong ties.

키워드

과제정보

본 연구의 연구자료 수집을 위해 수고해주신 조윤희(VALCSA엔젤투자클럽 회장)님께 깊은 감사를 드립니다.

참고문헌

  1. Addis, A.(1996). Role Models and the Politics of Recognition. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 144(4), 1377-1468.  https://doi.org/10.2307/3312617
  2. Ajzen, I.(1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Organization Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211.  https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  3. Anderson, A. R., & Jack, S.(2002). The Articulation of Social Capital in Entrepreneurial Networks: A Glue or A Lublicant. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 14(3), 193-210.  https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620110112079
  4. Bae, B. Y., & Lee, J. H.(2018). The Moderating Effects of Gender and Major on the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Orientation and Entrepreneurial Intention. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 13(6), 63-74. 
  5. Baker, W. E., & Sinkula, J. M.(1999). The Synergistic Effect of Market Orientation and Learning Orientation on Organization Performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 27(4), 411-427.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070399274002
  6. Bandura, A.(1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavior Change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191. 
  7. BarNir, A., Watson, W. E., & Hutchins, H. M.(2011). Mediation and Moderated Mediation in the Relationship among Role Models, Self-Efficacy, Entrepreneurial Career Intention, and Gender. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(2), 270-297. 
  8. Basow, S. A., & Howe, K. G.(1980). Role-model Influence: Effect of Sex and Sex-role Attitude in College Students. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 4(4), 558-572.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1980.tb00726.x
  9. Bosma, N., Hessels, J., Schutjens, V., Praag, M., & Verheul, I.(2012). Entrepreneurship and Role Models. Journal of Economic Psychology, 33(2), 410-424. 
  10. Bricheno, P., & Thornton, M.(2007). Role Model, Hero or Champion? Children's Views Concerning Role Models. Educational Research, 49(4), 383-396.  https://doi.org/10.1080/00131880701717230
  11. Brockhaus, R. H.(1980). Risk Taking Propensity of Entrepreneurs. Academy of Management Journal, 23(3), 509-520.  https://doi.org/10.2307/255515
  12. Bouwen, R., & Fry, R.(1991). Organizational Innovation and Learning: Four Patterns of Dialog between the Dominant Logic and the New Logic. International Studies of Management & Organization, 21(4), 37-51. 
  13. Calantone, R. J., Cavusgil, S. T., & Zhao, Y.(2002). Learning Orientation, Firm Innovation Capability, and Firm Performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 31, 515-524.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0019-8501(01)00203-6
  14. Chlosta, S., Patzelt, H., Klein, S. B., & Dormann, C.(2012). Parental Role Models and the Decision to Become Self-Employed: The Moderating Effect of Personality. Small Business Economics, 38, 121-138.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-010-9270-y
  15. Cho, Y. J., & Lee, B. Y.(2016). A Study on Social Environmental Factors Affecting University Students' Entrepreneurial Intention. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 11(4), 17-25. 
  16. Chung, D. Y., & Park, K. I.(2010). The Effects of Social Network on Entrepreneurial Activities which are Mediated by Entrepreneurship. Journal of Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 11(12), 4780-4786.  https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2010.11.12.4780
  17. Chung, D. Y., & Yang, J. H.(2009). An Empirical Analysis on Modeling the Relationship between Networking and Perceived Firm Performances of SMEs. Korean Journal of Human Resource Development, 12(1), 1-26. 
  18. Covin, J. G., & Slevin, D. P.(1989). Strategic Management of Small Firms in Hostile and Benign Environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10(1), 75-87.  https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250100107
  19. Efrata, T. C., Radianto, W. E. D., & Effendy, J. A.(2021). The Influence of Role Models on Entrepreneurial Intention: Does Individual Innovativeness Matters? Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(2), 339-352.  https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2021.VOL8.NO2.0339
  20. Garvin, D. A.(1993). Building a Learning Organization. Harvard Business Review, 71(4), 378-391. 
  21. Gibson, S. K.(2004). Social Learning (Cognitive) Theory and Implications for Human Resource Development. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 6(2), 193-210.  https://doi.org/10.1177/1523422304263429
  22. Granovetter, M. S.(1973). The Strength of Weak Ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360-1380.  https://doi.org/10.1086/225469
  23. Heckert, T. M., Droste, H. E., Adams, P. J., Griffin, C. M., Roberts, L. L., Mueller, M. A., & Wallis, H. A.(2002). Gender Differences in Anticipated Salary: Role of Salary Estimates for Others, Job Characteristics. Career Paths, and Job Inputs. Sex Roles, 47(3-4), 139-151.  https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021095005694
  24. Hoffmann, A., Junge, M., & Malchow-Moller, N.(2015). Running in the Family: Parental Role Models in Entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 44(1), 79-104.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-014-9586-0
  25. Hurley, R. F., & Hult, G. T. M.(1998). Innovation, Market Orientation, and Organizational Learning: An Integration and Empirical Examination. Journal of Marketing, 62(3), 42-54.  https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299806200303
  26. Iem, Y. S.(2016). A Study on Happenstance Experience of a Role Model for a College Student's Career Choice: With Focus on Youth Entrepreneurs' Career Success Process. The Korea Journal of Youth Counseling, 24(2), 329-363.  https://doi.org/10.35151/KYCI.2016.24.2.016
  27. Inkpen, A. C., & Tsang, E. W. K.(2005). Social Capital, Networks, and Knowledge Transfer. Academy of Management Review, 30(1), 146-165. 
  28. Jin, J. H., & Park, B. J.(2014). The Impact of Role Model Exposure on Entrepreneurial Intention: Focusing on the Mediating Effect of Entrepreneurial Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Self-efficacy. Asia Pacific Journal of Small Business, 36(4), 101-123. 
  29. Jung, S. S., & Kim, D. H.(2019). A Study on the Impact of Military Service Experience on their Entrepreneurial Intention. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 14(5), 141-157. 
  30. Kim, P. H., Aldrich, H. E., & Keister, L. A.(2006). Access (Not) Denied: The Impact of Financial, Human, and Cultural Capital on Entrepreneurial Entry in the United States. Small Business Economics, 27(1), 5-22.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-006-0007-x
  31. Kim, S. J., & Ha, K. S.(2021). A Study of the Impact of Digital Capability and Personal Ability on the Intent to Continue Economic Activity: Focused on the Adjustment Effect of the Role Model. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 16(5), 125-141. 
  32. Kohli, A. K., & Jaworski, B. J.(1990). Market Orientation: the Construct, Research Propositions, and Managerial Implications. Journal of Marketing, 54(2), 1-18.  https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299005400201
  33. Krueger, N., Reiley, M., & Carsrud, A.(2000). Competing Models of Entrepreneurial Intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15, 411-432.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(98)00033-0
  34. Krumboltz, J., Mitchell, A., & Jones, G.(1976). A Social Learning Theory of Career Selection. The Counseling Psychologist, 6, 71-80. 
  35. Kuckertz, A., & Wagner, M.(2010). The Influence of Sustainability Orientation on Entrepreneurial Intentions-Investigating the Role of Business Experience. Journal of Business Venturing, 25, 524-539.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2009.09.001
  36. Lafuente, E. M., & Vaillant, Y.(2013). Age Driven Influence of Role-Models on Entrepreneurship in a Transition Economy. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 20(1), 181-203.  https://doi.org/10.1108/14626001311298475
  37. Lee, J. Y.(2022). The Effect of Creativity on Entrepreneurial Intention via Individual Entrepreneurship Orientation: Focusing on the Moderated Mediation of Self-esteem. Korean Journal of Business Administration, 35(11), 2217-2240. 
  38. Lumpkin, G. T., & Dess, G. G.(1996). Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking it to Performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172.  https://doi.org/10.2307/258632
  39. McClelland, D. C.(1961). The Achieving Society, New Jersey: Princeton.
  40. Miller, D.(1983). The Correlates of Entrepreneurship in Three Types of Firms, Management Science, 29(7), 770-791.  https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.29.7.770
  41. Mungai, E., & Velamuri, R.(2011). Parental Entrepreneurial Role Model Influence on Male Offspring: Is it Always Positive and When does it Occur? Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(2), 337-357.  https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00363.x
  42. Narver, J. C., & Slater, S. F.(1990). The Effect of a Market Orientation on Business Profitability. Journal of Marketing, 54(4), 20-34.  https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299005400403
  43. Noguera, M., Alverez, C., & Urbano, D.(2013). Socio-cultural Factors and Female Entrepreneurship. International Entrepreneurship Management Journal, 9(2), 183-197. 
  44. Pablo-Lerchundi, I., Morales-Alonso, G., & Gonzalez-Tirados, R. M.(2015). Influences of Parental Occupation on Occupational Choices and Professional Values. Journal of Business Research, 68(7), 1645-1649. 
  45. Podolny, J. M., & Baron, J. N.(1997). Resources and Relationships: Social Networks and Mobility in the Workplace. American Sociological Review, 62(5), 673-693.  https://doi.org/10.2307/2657354
  46. Putnam, R. D.(2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster, . 
  47. Scherer, R. F., Adams, J. S., Carley, S. S., & Wiebe, F. A.(1989). Role Model Performance Effects on Development of Entrepreneurial Career Preference. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 13(3), 53-72.  https://doi.org/10.1177/104225878901300306
  48. Scherer, R. F., Brondzinski, J. D., & Wiebe, F. A.(1991). Assessing Perception of Career Role-Model Performance: The Self-employed Parent. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 72(2), 555-560.  https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1991.72.2.555
  49. Schumpeter, J. A.(1934). The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 
  50. Scott, M. G., & Twomey, D. F.(1988). The Long-term Supply of Entrepreneurs: Students' Career Aspirations in Relation to Entrepreneurship. Journal of Small Business Management, 26(4), 5-13. 
  51. Shapero, A., & Sokol, L.(1982). The Social Dimensions of Entrepreneurship. In Kent, C. A., Sexton, D. L., & Vesper, K. H.(Eds.). Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 72-90. 
  52. Van Auken, H., Fry, F. L., & Stephens, P.(2006). The Influence of Role Models on Entrepreneurial Intentions. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 11(2), 157-167.  https://doi.org/10.1142/S1084946706000349
  53. Wilson, F., Kickul, J., Marlino, D., Barbosa, S. D., & Griffiths, M. D.(2009). An Analysis of the Role of Gender and Self-efficacy in Developing Female Entrepreneurial Interest and Behavior. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 14(2), 105-119.  https://doi.org/10.1142/S1084946709001247
  54. Witt, U.(1991). Economics, Sociology, and Behavioral Psychology on Preferences. Journal of Economic Psychology, 12(4), 557-573. 
  55. Wyrwich, M.(2015). Entrepreneurship and the Intergenerational Transmission of Values. Small Business Economics, 45(1), 191-213.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-015-9649-x
  56. Yang, J. H.(2017). The Effect of Role Model and Entrepreneurship Education on Entrepreneurial Intention of Korean Juvenile. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 12(2), 1-11.  https://doi.org/10.16972/apjbve.12.2.201704.1
  57. Yoo, B. H.(2008). The Mediating Effects of Entrepreneurial Orientation between Market Orientation and Management Performances of the Company. Doctoral Dissertation, Graduate School of Soongsil University. 
  58. Zellweger, T., Sieger, P., & Halter, F.(2011). Should I Stay or Should I Go? Career Choice Intentions of Students with Family Business Background. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(5), 521-536. 
  59. Zhang, Y., Duysters, G., & Cloodt, M.(2014). The Role of Entrepreneurship Education as a Predictor of University Students' Entrepreneurial Intention. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 10, 623-641.