Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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The Interkingdom Interaction with Staphylococcus Influences the Antifungal Susceptibility of the Cutaneous Fungus Malassezia

  • Juan Yang (Department of Systems Biotechnology and Institute of Microbiomics, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Sungmin Park (Department of Systems Biotechnology and Institute of Microbiomics, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Hyun Ju Kim (Department of Systems Biotechnology and Institute of Microbiomics, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Sang Jun Lee (Department of Systems Biotechnology and Institute of Microbiomics, Chung-Ang University) ;
  • Won Hee Jung (Department of Systems Biotechnology and Institute of Microbiomics, Chung-Ang University)
  • Received : 2022.10.24
  • Accepted : 2022.12.12
  • Published : 2023.02.28
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Abstract

The skin is a dynamic ecosystem on which diverse microbes reside. The interkingdom interaction between microbial species in the skin microbiota is thought to influence the health and disease of the skin although the roles of the intra- and interkingdom interactions remain to be elucidated. In this context, the interactions between Malassezia and Staphylococcus, the most dominant microorganisms in the skin microbiota, have gained attention. This study investigated how the interaction between Malassezia and Staphylococcus affected the antifungal susceptibility of the fungus to the azole antifungal drug ketoconazole. The susceptibility was significantly decreased when Malassezia was co-cultured with Staphylococcus. We found that acidification of the environment by organic acids produced by Staphylococcus influenced the decrease of the ketoconazole susceptibility of M. restricta in the co-culturing condition. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that the significant increased ergosterol content and cell membrane and wall thickness of the M. restricta cells grown in the acidic environment may be the main cause of the altered azole susceptibility of the fungus. Overall, our study suggests that the interaction between Malassezia and Staphylococcus influences the antifungal susceptibility of the fungus and that pH has a critical role in the polymicrobial interaction in the skin environment.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the Chung-Ang University Graduate Research Scholarship in 2022, and the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, 2021M3A9I4021431 and 2022R1F1A1065306.

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