Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater (상하수도학회지)

The Korean Society of Water and Wastewater (대한상하수도학회)
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Discrimination of the drinking water taste by potentiometric electronic tongue and multivariate analysis

전자혀 및 다변량 분석법을 활용한 먹는물의 구별 방법

  • Eunju Kim (Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, The Department of Land, Water and Environment Research) ;
  • Tae-Mun Hwang (Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, The Department of Land, Water and Environment Research) ;
  • Jae-Wuk Koo (Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, The Department of Land, Water and Environment Research) ;
  • Jaeyong Song (Incheon Institute of Public Health and Environment) ;
  • Hongkyeong Park (Water Quality Institute Waterworks Headquarters Incheon Metropolitan City) ;
  • Sookhyun Nam (Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, The Department of Land, Water and Environment Research)
  • 김은주 (한국건설기술연구원 환경연구본부) ;
  • 황태문 (한국건설기술연구원 환경연구본부) ;
  • 구재욱 (한국건설기술연구원 환경연구본부) ;
  • 송재용 (인천광역시 보건환경연구원) ;
  • 박홍경 (인천시 상수도사업본부 맑은물연구소) ;
  • 남숙현 (한국건설기술연구원 환경연구본부)
  • Received : 2023.11.15
  • Accepted : 2023.12.11
  • Published : 2023.12.15
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Abstract

Organoleptic parameters such as color, odor, and flavor influence consumer perception of drinking water quality. This study aims to evaluate the taste of the selected bottled and tap water samples using an electronic tongue (E-tongue) instead of a sensory test. Bottled and tap water's mineral components are related to the overall preference for water taste. Contrary to the sensory test, the potentiometric E-tongue method presented in this study distinguishes taste by measuring the mineral components in water, and the data obtained can be statistically analyzed. Eleven bottled water products from various brands and one tap water from I city in Korea were evaluated. The E-tongue data were statistically analyzed using multivariate statistical tools such as hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA), principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results show that the E-tongue method can clearly distinguish taste discrimination in drinking water differing in water quality based on the ion-related water quality parameters. The water quality parameters that affect taste discrimination were found to be total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium (Na+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sulfate (SO42-), chloride (Cl-), potassium (K+) and pH. The distance calculation of HCA was used to quantify the differences between 12 different types of drinking water. The proposed E-tongue method is a practical tool to quantitatively evaluate the differences between samples in water quality items related to the ionic components. It can be helpful in quality control of drinking water.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 환경부의 재원으로 한국환경산업기술원의 상하수도 혁신 기술개발사업의 지원을 받아 연구 되었습니다(2020002700004).

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