Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Proteomic analysis for the effects of non-saponin fraction with rich polysaccharide from Korean Red Ginseng on Alzheimer's disease in a mouse model

  • Sujin, Kim (Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University) ;
  • Yunkwon, Nam (Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University) ;
  • Min-jeong, Kim (Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University) ;
  • Seung-hyun, Kwon (Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center) ;
  • Junhyeok, Jeon (Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)) ;
  • Soo Jung, Shin (Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University) ;
  • Soyoon, Park (Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, College of Biological Sciences, University of California) ;
  • Sungjae, Chang (Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University) ;
  • Hyun Uk, Kim (Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)) ;
  • Yong Yook, Lee (The Korean Ginseng Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corporation) ;
  • Hak Su, Kim (Veterans Medical Research Institute, Veterans Health Service Medical Center) ;
  • Minho, Moon (Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University)
  • Received : 2022.06.07
  • Accepted : 2022.09.27
  • Published : 2023.03.02
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Abstract

Background: The most common type of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), is marked by the formation of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques. The impairments of axons and synapses appear in the process of Aβ plaques formation, and this damage could cause neurodegeneration. We previously reported that non-saponin fraction with rich polysaccharide (NFP) from Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) showed neuroprotective effects in AD. However, precise molecular mechanism of the therapeutic effects of NFP from KRG in AD still remains elusive. Methods: To investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of NFP from KRG on AD, we conducted proteomic analysis for frontal cortex from vehicle-treated wild-type, vehicle-treated 5XFAD mice, and NFP-treated 5XFAD mice by using nano-LC-ESI-MS/MS. Metabolic network analysis was additionally performed as the effects of NFP appeared to be associated with metabolism according to the proteome analysis. Results: Starting from 5,470 proteins, 2,636 proteins were selected for hierarchical clustering analysis, and finally 111 proteins were further selected for protein-protein interaction network analysis. A series of these analyses revealed that proteins associated with synapse and mitochondria might be linked to the therapeutic mechanism of NFP. Subsequent metabolic network analysis via genome-scale metabolic models that represent the three mouse groups showed that there were significant changes in metabolic fluxes of mitochondrial carnitine shuttle pathway and mitochondrial beta-oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the therapeutic effects of NFP on AD were associated with synaptic- and mitochondrial-related pathways, and they provided targets for further rigorous studies on precise understanding of the molecular mechanism of NFP.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This study was supported by the grant from the Korean Society of Ginseng (2020 to M.M), the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (grant number: HF21C0021 to M.M.), and the Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development (PJ01428603 to M.M.), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea. Moreover, this work was supported by a VHS Medical Center Research Grant, Republic of Korea. (VHSMC 21022 to S.H.K.) and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. 2020R1F1A1049629 to H.S.K.). Furthermore, this study was supported by the Bio-Synergy Research Project (NRF-2018M3A9C4076475 to H.U.K.) from the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF).

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