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Substrate Selection and Burying Behaviour of Sand-dwelling Endangered Freshwater Fish, Gobiobotia naktongensis

멸종위기 야생생물I급 흰수마자의 모래 선택과 잠입 행동에 관한 연구

  • Keun-Sik Kim (Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Moon-Seong Heo (Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Jin Kim (Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Chang-Deuk Park (Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Ju-Duk Yoon (Research Center for Endangered Species, National Institute of Ecology)
  • 김근식 (국립생태원 멸종위기종복원센터) ;
  • 허문성 (국립생태원 멸종위기종복원센터) ;
  • 김진 (국립생태원 멸종위기종복원센터) ;
  • 박창득 (국립생태원 멸종위기종복원센터) ;
  • 윤주덕 (국립생태원 멸종위기종복원센터)
  • Received : 2023.12.07
  • Accepted : 2023.12.13
  • Published : 2023.12.31

Abstract

To determine the cause of the population decline in Gobiobotia naktongensis, substrate preference and burying behaviour were investigated in this study. In general, the species was shown to prefer a substrate size of 1 mm or less, depending on the flow. In addition, the burying depth varied according to the size of the fish and increased with a decrease in water temperature. Our findings showed that the main cause of the population reduction was the physical changes in the substrate structure due to the dams or barrages construction. Notably, the accumulation of silt and mud in the substrate upon the formation of an upstream lentic water region for structural construction and bed armouring caused by scouring and reduced downstream inflow of fine sediment were deterministic in the fish habitat changes, causing problems in burying. As sand substrate structure is critical for the survival and inhabitation of psammophilous species, efficient strategies should be developed with proper habitat management to reduce the anthropogenic damage

모래잠입 어류는 모래 하상에 잠입하여 살아가는 생물로, 잠입을 통해 포식자 회피, 먹이 포획, 에너지 보존 등 생존에 이득이 있다. 국내에 서식하는 흰수마자는 전형적인 모래잠입 특성을 보임에도 불구하고 지속적인 개체군 감소로 인해 멸종위기종으로 지정되어있다. 본 연구에서는 흰수마자의 감소원인 파악을 위하여 모래크기 선호도 및 잠입 행동을 평가하였다. 전반적으로 1 mm 이하의 모래를 선호하는 것으로 확인되었으며, 유량에 따라 모래크기의 선택이 차이가 발생하였다. 또한 수온이 낮아짐에 따라 모래에 보다 깊이 잠입하였고, 잠입하는 깊이는 흰수마자의 크기별로 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 흰수마자의 모래 선호도 연구 결과 전반적으로 개체군이 감소하는 원인은 댐, 보 등의 건설로 인한 물리적인 하상구조의 변화로 사료되었다. 특히, 구조물 건설 상류부의 정수역 형성으로 인한 실트와 진흙의 하상 내 축적과 하류부에 세립질 퇴적물 유입 감소 및 침식으로 인한 장갑화로 서식처 변형이 발생하여 잠입에 문제가 발생한 것으로 판단되었다. 흰수마자를 비롯한 모래잠입 어류는 모래 하상 구조가 생존 및 서식에 중요한 역할을 하기 때문에 이를 관리할 수 있는 효율적 전략 수립 및 서식지 관리가 필요하다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 논문은 환경부의 지원을 받아 수행하였습니다(NIE-고유연구-2023-47).

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