The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY (한국해양학회지:바다)

The Korean Society of Oceanography (한국해양학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Recent Trends in U.S. Ocean Policy and the Direction of Ocean Environment Conservation Policy

미국 해양정책의 최근 동향과 해양환경 보전정책 방향

  • 김형섭 (군산대학교 해양생물자원학과) ;
  • 이원호 ((주)지오시스템리서치)
  • Received : 2022.06.16
  • Accepted : 2022.11.15
  • Published : 2022.11.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Recent trends in U.S. ocean policy were briefly reviewed through the keywords in the documents from the three consecutive administrative offices of U.S. government since 2010. Many keywords was unchanged since 2010 implying that the confirm foundation of US ocean policy is not easily shaken. Among the administration-specific main drivers, emphases on Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning in 2010, Ocean Mapping in 2019, and the 2021 goal of conserving 30% by 2030 may profoundly affect the directions of U.S. ocean environment conservation policy. Decadal trends and implications in main key words of U.S. ocean policy as are reflected from the documents produced by the above three administrative offices were also shown to affect future perspectives of global ocean environment conservation policy as well as the corresponding Korean policies.

2010년 이후 미국 정부의 연속 3대에 걸친 행정부 문서 일부에 나타난 핵심 단어를 통해 미국 해양정책의 최근 동향을 간략히 파악하여 보았다. 많은 핵심 단어들은 3대의 행정부 사이에서 달라지지 않은 채로 동일하게 사용되고 있어, 해양정책의 확고한 근간은 쉽사리 흔들리지 않고 있음을 시사하였다. 각 행정부마다 특징있게 추진한 주요 정책 가운데, 2010년의 연안 및 해양 공간 계획(CMSP), 2019년 해양지도 작성(Ocean Mapping), 2030년까지 영해 30% 보존이라는 2021년 목표 등에 대한 강조는 미국 해양환경 보전정책의 방향에 중대한 영향을 미칠 것이다. 행정부 3대에 걸쳐 나타난 미국 해양정책 주요 키워드의 장기적인 경향과 시사점은 세계 해양환경 보전정책의 미래 전망과 이에 상응하는 한국의 정책에도 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 확인하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 연구는 해양수산부 해양한국발전프로그램(Jeonbuk Sea Grant)과 (주)지오시스템리서치의 일부 지원에 의해 수행되었습니다. 또한, 논문 초고를 세심하게 검토해 주신 군산대학교 권봉오 교수님께 깊이 감사드립니다.

References

  1. 2050 탄소중립녹색성장위원회, 2022. Available at: https://www.2050cnc.go.kr/base/main/view.
  2. 2050 탄소중립위원회, 2022. 2030 국가온실가스감축목표. 2050탄소중립녹색성장위원회, Available at: https://www.2050cnc.go.kr/base/contents/view?contentsNo=11&menuLevel=2&menuNo=13.
  3. 2050 탄소중립위원회의 설치 및 운영에 관한 규정, 2022. Available at: https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=232057&viewCls=lsRvsDocInfoR#.
  4. 국토해양부, 2009. 주요국의 국토해양 정책동향 분석 연구. 주관연구기관(국토연구원). 발행(국토해양부), 317 pp.
  5. 기후위기 대응을 위한 탄소중립.녹색성장 기본법, 2021. Available at: https://www.law.go.kr/법령/기후위기대응을위한탄소중립•녹색성장기본법.
  6. 남정호, 2010. 우리나라 해양공간계획 이슈 분석 및 제언. 한국해양수산개발원, 해양국토, 21(5): 11-26.
  7. 대한민국정부, 2022. 윤석열정부 120대 국정과제. 대한민국정부, 197 pp.
  8. 미국 의회 Public Law 96-289, 2022. Available at: https://www.congress.gov/public-laws/96th-congress.
  9. 연안관리법 (법률 제5913호), 1999. Available at: https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=57298&viewCls=lsRvsDocInfoR#.
  10. 채동렬, 2009. 해양공간계획(MSP)제도 도입의 필요성에 관한 연구. 해양환경안전학회지, 15(3): 37-242.
  11. 최희정, 2010. 미국의 해양공간계획(MSP) 정책방향과 시사점. 한국해양수산개발원, 해양국토, 21(5): 27-41.
  12. 최희정, 최지연, 정지호, 남정호, 2011. 해양자원의 최적이용을 위한 해양공간계획 수립 연구: 해양공간계획 체계 정비방향을 중심으로 기본연구. 한국해양수산개발원, 218 pp.
  13. 해양공간계획 및 관리에 관한 법률 (법률 제15607호), 2018. Available at: https://law.go.kr/LSW//lsInfoP.dolsiSeq=203219&ancYd=20180417&ancNo=15607&efYd=20190418&nwJoYnInfo=N&efGubun=Y&chrClsCd=010202&ancYnChk=0#0000
  14. 해양공간통합관리정보시스템, 2022. Available at: https://www.msp.go.kr/main.do.
  15. 해양생태계의 보전 및 관리에 관한 법률(해양생태계법 법률 제8045호), 2006. Available at: https://www.law.go.kr/LSW//lsInfoP.do?lsiSeq=75713&ancYd=20061004&ancNo=08045&efYd=20070405&nwJoYnInfo=N&efGubun=Y&chrClsCd=010202&ancYnChk=0#0000
  16. 해양수산부, 2019. 제1차 해양공간기본계획 (2019 - 2028). 137 pp.
  17. 해양수산부, 2022a. 종합지도. 해양수산부 해양수산빅데이터플랫폼. Available at: https://www.vadahub.go.kr/imap/index.do.
  18. 해양수산부, 2022b. 탄소중립 대전환, 기후위기 대비태세 완비를 위한 새 출발. -해양수산부의 제4차 기후변화대응 해양수산부문 종합계획- (2022. 9. 15), Available at: https://www.mof.go.kr/iframe/article/view.do?articleKey=47369&boardKey=10¤tPageNo=1.
  19. 해양환경 정보지도, 2022. Available at: https://www.meis.go.kr/map/oemsBaseMap.do.
  20. 해양환경공단, 2021. 보도자료: 해양환경공단, IUCN 국제협력 업무협약서 체결 -아시아 개발도상국 대상 해양보호구역 관리 역량강화 사업 추진- (2021. 7. 21), Available at: https://www.koem.or.kr/site/koem/bodo/selectBodoView.do?dataIdx=6703.
  21. 환경부, 2020. 보도자료: 2030년 국가 생태계.생물다양성 보전 밑그림 그린다(2020. 6. 30), Available at: https://www.me.go.kr/home/web/board/read.do?boardMasterId=1&boardId=1381480&menuId=286.
  22. Blackwelder, B., 2020. Building a National Ocean Policy confronts deconstruction of the administrative state. Tul. Envtl. L.J., 33(1-2): 93-140.
  23. Bryan, B. and M.E. Smith, 2021. Looking to Expand Your Existing Facility or Renew Your Permits? Here's What May Be Different Under Washington's New Climate Change Policies. National Law Review, 11(265; Wednesday, September 22, 2021). 2022 Jones Walker LLP.
  24. CEQ (White House Council on Environmental Quality), 2010. Final Recommendations of the Interagency Ocean Policy Task Force. July 19, 2010. 96 pp. Available at: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/files/documents/OPTF_FinalRecs.pdf.
  25. Contipelli, E., 2017. Trump's Doctrine and Climate Change: New Challenges for Global Governance. IndraStra Global, 3(5): 1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5053393.
  26. Convention on Biological Diversity, 2022. A New Global Framework for Managing Nature Through 2030: 1st Detailed Draft Agreement Debuts, Available at: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2021/07/a-new-global-frameworkfor-managing-nature-through-2030-1st-detailed-draft-agreement-debuts/.
  27. DOI, USDA, NOAA-DOC and CEQ, 2021. Conserving and Restoring America the Beautiful. U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI), U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) within the U.S. Department of Commerce, and Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ). 24 pp. Available at: https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/report-conserving-and-restoring-america-the-beautiful-2021.pdf.
  28. EU (European Union), 2021. EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 -Bringing nature back into our lives-. Publication Office of European Union. 35 pp.
  29. Executive Office of the President, 1994. Federal Actions To Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations. Executive Order 12898 of February 11, 1994. Federal Register 59(32), Wednesday, February 16, 1994 / Presidential Documents.
  30. Executive Office of the President, 2004. Committee on Ocean Policy. Executive Order 13366 of December 17, 2004. Federal Register 69(244), Tuesday, December 21, 2004 / Presidential Documents.
  31. Executive Office of the President, 2009. Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments And Agencies -National Policy for the Oceans, Our Coasts, And the Great Lakes-. Memorandum of June 12, 2009. Federal Register 74(115), Wednesday, June 17, 2009 / Presidential Documents.
  32. Executive Office of the President, 2010. Stewardship of the Ocean, Our Coasts, and the Great Lakes. Executive Order 13547 of July 19, 2010. Federal Register 75(140), Thursday, July 22, 2010 / Presidential Documents.
  33. Executive Office of the President, 2018. Ocean Policy To Advance the Economic, Security, and Environmental Interests of the United States. Executive Order 13840 of June 19, 2018. Federal Register 83(121), Friday, June 22, 2018 / Presidential Documents.
  34. Executive Office of the President, 2019. Ocean Mapping of the United States Exclusive Economic Zone and the Shoreline and Nearshore of Alaska. Memorandum of November 19, 2019 Federal Register 84(226), Friday, Nov. 22, 2019 / Presidential Documents.
  35. Executive Office of the President, 2021. Tackling the Climate Crisis at Home and Abroad. Executive Order 14008 of January 27, 2021. Federal Register 86(19), Monday, February 1, 2021 / Presidential Documents.
  36. Luena, C., S. Bricmont, I. Carvalhais, 2022. EU biodiversity strategy for 2030. Legislative Train.09.2022. 1A.European Green Deal. European Parliament, 1-4.
  37. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). Ocean & Coasts, 2022. Available at: https://www.noaa.gov/ocean-coasts.
  38. NSTC (National Science and Technology Council), 2007. Charting the Course for Ocean Science in the United States for the next decade - An Ocean Research Priorities Plan and Implementation Strategy. 85 pp, Available at: https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/nstc-orppis.pdf
  39. NSTC (National Science and Technology Council), 2013. Science for an Ocean Nation: An Update of the Ocean Research Priorities Plan. 100 pp, Available at: https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=735388.
  40. NSTC (National Science and Technology Council), 2018. Science and Technology for America's Oceans: A Decadal Vision. 55 pp, Available at: https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Science-and-Technology-for-Americas-Oceans-A-Decadal-Vision.pdf.
  41. Ocean Policy Committee, 2019. Summary of the 2019 White House Summit on Partnerships in Ocean Science & Technology. November 2019. Available at: https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Ocean-ST-Summit-Readout-Final.pdf.
  42. Rebecca Pow, R., 2021. Speech, 'A vision for UK seas', Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/a-vision-for-uk-seas.
  43. Sullivan-Stack, J., O. Aburto-Oropeza, C.M. Brooks, R.B. Cabral, J.E. Caselle, F. Chan, J.E. Duffy, D.C. Dunn, A.M. Friedlander, H.K. Fulton-Bennett, S.D. Gaines, L.R. Gerber, E. Hines, H.M. Leslie, S.E. Lester, J.M.C. MacCarthy, S.M. Maxwell, J. Mayorga, D.J. McCauley, F. Micheli, R. Moffitt, K.J. Nickols, S.R. Palumbi, D.R. Pearsall, E.P. Pike, E.K. Pikitch, G. Sancho, A.K. Spalding, D.O. Suman, S.T. Sykora-Bodie and K. Grorud-Colvert, 2022. A Scientific Synthesis of Marine Protected Areas in the United States: Status and Recommendations. Front. Mar. Sci., 9: 849927. DOI: doi: 10.3389/fmars.2022.849927.
  44. Sustainable Development Goals, United Nations, 2022. Available at: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/.
  45. Vizcarra, H.V. and L. Bloomer, 2019. Analysis of the regulation and deregulation of U.S. ocean and fisheries policies. 55 pp. Harvard Law School, Environmental & Energy Law Program (White Paper).