Animal Bioscience

Asian Australasian Association of Animal Production Societies (아세아태평양축산학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Apparent metabolizable energy, growth performance and carcass traits of Japanese quail fed select modern grain sorghum varieties

  • Moritz, A.H. (Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University) ;
  • Krombeen, S.K. (Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University) ;
  • Presgraves, J. (Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University) ;
  • Blair, M.E. (United Animal Health) ;
  • Buresh, R.E. (Novus International, Inc.) ;
  • Bridges, W.C. (Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Clemson University) ;
  • Arguelles-Ramos, M. (Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University) ;
  • Wilmoth, T.A. (Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University)
  • Received : 2022.01.30
  • Accepted : 2022.05.23
  • Published : 2022.12.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: This study was performed to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) content of tannin-free red/bronze, white/tan and U.S. No. 2 varieties of grain sorghum for feeding Japanese quail and validate their nutrient profile by evaluating effects on performance and carcass traits with full-substitution of corn. Methods: Experiment 1 determined the AMEn content of red/bronze, white/tan, and U.S. No. 2 grain sorghum varieties fed to mixed-sex Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) (n = 314) at 3 and 6-weeks of age. Analyses were based on a 2×4 factorial treatment design with age and grain types defining the treatments, and a randomized complete block experiment design with cage and trials defining the block. AMEn values were validated by evaluating the performance and carcass traits of Japanese quail (n = 644) from 1 to 40 days of age in Experiment 2 with birds were fed 1 of 4 complete diets. Statistical analyses were conducted on performance data and select individual carcass trait measurements. Results: Determined AMEn values at 3-weeks of age were 3,524±122.03 (red/bronze), 3,252±122.03 (white/tan), and 3,039±123.44 (U.S. No. 2) kcal/kg. At 6-weeks of age, determined AMEn were 3,373±297.35 (red/bronze), 3,279±297.35 (white/tan), and 2,966±298.64 (U.S. No. 2) kcal/kg. Carcass traits showed live body weight (p = 0.0409) and hot carcass weight (p = 0.0234) were greatest in U.S. No. 2; however, carcass yield (p<0.0001) was lowest. No significant differences were observed among treatments for feed intake, feed conversion ratio, breast weight and breast yield (p>0.05). Conclusion: These studies demonstrated that tannin-free grain sorghum varieties may be a potential alternative to corn in quail diets while maintaining growth performance and carcass parameters.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of Dr. Richard M. Kaminski for his help in the conceptualization of this project.

References

  1. Saballos A. Development and utilization of sorghum as a bioenergy crop. In: Vermerris WM, editor. Genetic improvement of bioenergy crops. New York, NY, USA: Springer; 2008. pp. 211-48. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70805-8_8
  2. Santhi D, Kalaikannan A. Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) meat: characteristics and value addition. Worlds Poult Sci J 2017;73:337-44. https://doi.org/10.1017/S004393391700006X
  3. Agricultural Marketing Resource Center. Game Birds [Internet]. AgMRC; 2018 [cited 2019 Apr]. Available from: https://www.agmrc.org/commodities-products/agritourism/gamebirds/
  4. National Chicken Council. Broiler Industry Key Facts [Internet]. NCC; 2020 [cited 2021 Dec]. Available from: https://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/industry/statistics/
  5. Mandal AB, Tyagi PK, Elangovan AV, et al. Comparative apparent metabolisable energy values of high, medium and low tannin varieties of sorghum in cockerel, guinea fowl and quail. Br Poult Sci 2006;47:336-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660600741875
  6. Liu SY, Truong HH, Khoddami A, et al. Comparative performance of broiler chickens offered ten equivalent diets based on three grain sorghum varieties as determined by response surface mixture design. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016;218:70-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.05.008
  7. Hagerman AE. Acid butanol assay for proanthocyanidins tannin handbook. Oxford, OH, USA: Miami University; 2002.
  8. Sibbald IR, Summers JD, Slinger SJ. Factors affecting the metabolizable energy content of poultry feeds. Poult Sci 1960;39:544-56. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0390544
  9. Macleod MG, Valentine J, Cowan A, Wade A, McNeill L, Bernard K. Naked oats: metabolisable energy yield from a range of varieties in broilers, cockerels and turkeys. Br Poult Sci 2008;49:368-77. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660802094164
  10. Titus HW, Mehring Jr. AL, Johnson Jr. D, Nesbitt LL, Tomas T. An evalution of MCF (Micro-Cel-Fat), a new type of fat product. Poult Sci 1959;38:1114-9. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0381114
  11. Moritz AH, Krombeen SK, Presgraves B, et al. Apparent metabolizable energy and performance of broilers fed selected grain sorghum varieties. Appl Anim Sci 2022;38:268-78. https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2022-02271
  12. Truong HH, Neilson KA, McInerney BV, et al. Comparative performance of broiler chickens offered nutritionally equivalent diets based on six diverse, 'tannin-free' sorghum varieties with quantified concentrations of phenolic compounds, kafirin, and phytate. Anim Prod Sci 2017;57:828-38. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN16073
  13. Wu SB, Choct M, Pesti G. Historical flaws in bioassays used to generate metabolizable energy values for poultry feed formulation: a critical review. Poult Sci 2020;99:385-406. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez511
  14. Vasan P, Mandal AB, Dutta N, Maiti SK, Sharma K. Digestibility of amino acids of maize, low tannin sorghum, pearl millet and finger millet in caecectomized roosters. AsianAustralas J Anim Sci 2008;21:701-6. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2008.70296
  15. Muniz JCL, Barreto SLT, Viana GS, et al. Metabolizable energy levels for meat-type quails at starter phase. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2018;20:197-202. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9061-2017-0496
  16. Wilson HR, Douglas CR, Nesbeth WG. Feed consumption and protein efficiency by Bobwhite quail in response to dietary energy levels. Poult Sci 1977;56:1127-9. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0561127
  17. Khalil MM, Abdollahi MR, Zaefarian F, Chrystal PV, Ravindran V. Apparent metabolizable energy of cereal grains for broiler chickens is influenced by age. Poult Sci 2021;100:101288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2021.101288
  18. Sibbald IR. Metabolizable energy in poultry nutrition. BioScience 1980;30:736-41. https://doi.org/10.2307/1308333
  19. Scott TA, Silversides FG, Classen HL, Swift ML, Bedford MR, Hall JW. A broiler chick bioassay for measuring the feeding value of wheat and barley in complete diets. Poult Sci 1998;77:449-55. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/77.3.449
  20. Freitas ER, Raquel DL, Nascimento AJN, Watanabe PH, Lopes IRV. Complete replacement of corn by white or red sorghum in Japanese quail feeds. Braz J Poult Sci 2014;16: 333-6. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-635x1603333-336
  21. Hulan HW, Proudfoot FG. Nutritive value of sorghum grain for broiler chickens. Can J Anim Sci 1982;62:869-75. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas82-105
  22. Dykes L, Rooney LW. Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants. J Cereal Sci 2006;44:236-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2006.06.007
  23. Awad WA, Ghareeb K, Bohm J, Razzazi E, Hellwig P, Zentek J. The impact of the Fusarium toxin deoxynivalenol (DON) on poultry. Int J Poult Sci 2008;7:827-42. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2008.827.842
  24. Swamy HV, Smith TK, Karrow NA, Boermans HJ. Effects of feeding blends of grains naturally contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins on growth and immunological parameters of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2004;83:533-43. https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.4.533
  25. Yerpes M, Llonch P, Manteca X. Factors associated with cumulative first-week mortality in broiler chicks. Animals 2020;10:310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10020310
  26. Nelson TS, Johnson ZB, Kirby LK, Beasley JN. Digestion of dry matter and amino acids and energy utilization by chicks fed molded corn containing mycotoxins. Poult Sci 1982;61: 584-5. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.0610584
  27. Honikel KO. Reference methods for the assessment of physical characteristics of meat. Meat Sci 1998;49:447-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0309-1740(98)00034-5
  28. Yang S, Suh Y, Choi YM, Shin S, Han JY, Lee K. Loss of fat with increased adipose triglyceride lipase-mediated lipolysis in adipose tissue during laying stages in quail. Lipids 2013; 48:13-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-012-3742-6
  29. Abdullah AY, Matarneh SK. Broiler performance and the effects of carcass weight, broiler sex, and postchill carcass aging duration on breast fillet quality characteristics. J Appl Poult Res 2010;19:46-58. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2009-00079