한국환경생태학회지 (Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology)

  • 제36권5호
  • /
  • Pages.525-534
  • /
  • 2022
  • /
  • 1229-3857(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2288-131X(eISSN)
한국환경생태학회 (Korean Society of Environment and Ecology)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

자연숲과 VR숲의 경관 체험에 따른 생리 및 심리적 반응

Physiological and Psychological Responses to Landscape Experiences in a Natural Forest and a VR Forest

  • 김일두 (충북대학교 대학원 산림치유학협동과정) ;
  • 신원섭 (충북대학교 대학원 산림학과)
  • Kim, Il-Doo (Graduate Department of forest Therapy Chungbuk National Univ.) ;
  • Shin, Won-Soep (Graduate School Chungbuk National Univ.)
  • 투고 : 2022.06.27
  • 심사 : 2022.09.07
  • 발행 : 2022.10.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 연구에서는 실제와 가상의 자연 그대로의 숲과 인위적으로 통제가 가능한 VR을 활용한 가상 숲에서의 체험이 성인의 심리적 또는 생리적으로 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 실험은 자연 숲 환경과 외부 빛이 차단된 대학원세미나실에서 진행되었으며, 피험자는 성인 대학생 60명이 참가하였다. 실험은 심리적, 생리적 회복을 통해 자연 숲 환경과 VR 숲 환경에서의 효과를 비교 후 상태를 평가하였다. 심리적 측정 결과 피험자들은 자연 숲 환경과 VR 숲 환경에서 산림 경관을 체험 후에 PANAS를 통한 심리지수에서 긍정적 정서가 증가하고 부정적 정서가 감소되었음을 확인하였고, 타액을 이용한 스트레스 지수인 코티졸을 측정한 결과 두 그룹에서 스트레스 지수가 유의하게 감소되었음을 확인하였다. 거리상 이동의 제약 또는 거동이 불편 등 제약으로 인하여 자연 숲 환경에서 체험을 못하는 사람들에게 VR 숲 환경에서 심리적, 생리적으로 회복 환경을 만들어주는데 사용할 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 연구의 결과가 산림 치유의 시각적 효과에 대한 기반이 되길 기대하고, 산림분야에서 4차 산업의 기술인 VR의 환용이 넓어지는 기반이 되길 기대한다.

In this study, we investigated the psychological and physiological effects of experiences in real natural forests and virtual forests using artificially controllable VR. The experiment tested 60 adult college students in a natural forest and a graduate seminar room where external light was blocked. It evaluated the effects of the natural and the VR forest environments by comparing the psychological and physiological recovery of the subjects. Psychometric testing using the PANAS psychological index showed increased positive emotions and decreased negative emotions after experiencing forest scenery in the natural and VR forest environments. And a stress index, based on measuring cortisol in saliva, decreased significantly in the subjects in both environments. The experiment results can be used to support the creation of a psychological and physiological recovery environment with VR for those who cannot go to the natural forest due to certain restrictions such as physical distance, mobility difficulties, etc. It is expected that the results will be the basis for further research into the visual effects of forest healing and also for widening the use of VR, a technology of the fourth industry, in the field of forestry.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Alyan, E., N.M. Saad and N. Kamel(2021) Effects of workstation type on mental stress: fNIRS study. Human Factors 63(7): 1230-1255. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720820913173
  2. Alyan, E., N.M. Saad, N. Kamel and M.A. Rahman(2021) Workplace design-related stress effects on prefrontal cortex connectivity and neurovascular coupling. Applied Ergonomics 96: 103497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103497
  3. Anderson, A.P., M.D. Mayer, A.M. Fellows, D.R. Cowan, M.T. Hegel and J.C. Buckey(2017) Relaxation with immersive natural scenes presented using virtual reality. Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 88(6): 520-526. doi:10.3357/amhp.4747.2017
  4. Berto, R.(2014) The role of nature in coping with psychophysiological stress: a literature review on restorativeness. Behavioral Sciences 4(4): 394-409. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs4040394
  5. Bielinis, E., N. Takayama, S. Boiko, A. Omelan and L. Bielinis(2018) The effect of winter forest bathing on psychological relaxation of young Polish adults. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 29: 276-283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.12.006
  6. Central Disaster and Safety Countermeasures Headquarters(2020)
  7. Gang, M.H.(2001) TV broadcast VR utilization and sense of presence study. http://www.riss.kr/link?id=T8063136 (in Korean)
  8. Hong, S.J., D.W. Jeong, J.D. Lee and B.J. Park(2019) Effect of 2D forest video viewing and virtual reality forest video viewing on stress reduction in adults. Journal of the Korean Forest Science Association 108(3): 440-453. (in Korean with English abstract)
  9. Je, H.J.(2019) The healing effect of interactive experience in virtual garden: A physiological approach. Seoul National University Graduate School. (in Korean with English abstract)
  10. Kaplan, S. and M.G. Berman(2010) Directed attention as a common resource for executive functioning and self-regulation. Perspectives on Psychological Science 5(1): 43-57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691609356784
  11. Kim, M.L.H.(2011) The use of virtual reality and augmented reality in the health psychology scene. Journal of the Korea Psychological Association: Health 16(4): 643-656. doi:10.17315/kjhp.2011.16.4.001 (in Korean with English abstract)
  12. Lee, J.H., W.S. Shin, P.S. Yeon and H. Yuri(2009) The visual elements of the forest are the psychology of the human body effects on menstruation. Journal of the Korean Forest Science Association 98(1): 88-93. (in Korean with English abstract)
  13. Lovallo, W.R. and T.W. Buchanan(2017) Stress hormones in psychophysiological research: Emotional, behavioral, and cognitive implications. In: J.T. Cacioppo, L.G. Tassinary and G.G. Berntson(eds.), Handbook of psychophysiology. Cambridge University Press, pp.465-494.
  14. Nukarinen, T., H.O. Istance, J. Rantala, J. Makela, K. Korpela, K. Ronkainen, V. Surakka and R. Raisamo(2020) Physiological and psychological restoration in matched real and virtual natural environments. Extended Abstracts of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Honolulu, HI, USA. doi:10.1145/3334480.3382956
  15. Pak, R. and A.C. Mclaughlin(2018) Aging, technology and health. Academic Press.
  16. Park, M.K. and W.J. Jang(2017) Dating platform with VR technology 'Real Date'. (in Korean with English abstract)
  17. Park, S.K. and D.S. Kim(2007) Human physiological response to life stress and its relationship to salivary cortisol. Journal of the Korean Society of Ergonomics 26(1): 11-18. (in Korean with English abstract)
  18. Reese, G., E. Kohler and C. Menzel(2021) Restore or get restored: The effect of control on stress reduction and restoration in virtual nature settings. Sustainability 13(4): 1995. doi:10.3390/su13041995
  19. Shin, C.S., P.S. Yeoun, Y.G. Kim, J.O. Eum, Y.R. Yim, S.B. Yoon, S.H. Park, I.O. Kim and S.H. Lee(2015) The influence of a forest healing program on public servants in charge of social welfare and mental health care workers's job stress and the profile of mood states (POMS). Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science 104(2): 294-299. https://doi.org/10.14578/jkfs.2015.104.2.294
  20. Song, C., H. Ikei, M. Kobayashi, T. Miura, Q. Li, T. Kagawa, S. Kumeda, M. Imai and Y. Miyazaki(2017) Effects of viewing forest landscape on middle-aged hypertensive men. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 21: 247-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2016.12.010
  21. Tomao, A., L. Secondi, G. Carrus, P. Corona, L. Portoghesi and M. Agrimi(2018) Restorative urban forests: Exploring the relationships between forest stand structure, perceived restorativeness and benefits gained by visitors to coastal Pinus pinea forests. Ecological Indicators 90: 594-605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2018.03.051
  22. Ulrich, R.S., M. Cordoza, S.K. Gardiner, B.J. Manulik, P.S. Fitzpatrick, T.M. Hazen and R.S. Perkins(2020) ICU patient family stress recovery during breaks in a hospital garden and indoor environments. HERD: Health Environments Research and Design Journal 13(2): 83-102. https://doi.org/10.1177/1937586719867157
  23. Ulrich, R.S., R.F. Simons, B.D. Losito, E. Fiorito, M.A. Miles and M. Zelson(1991) Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology 11(3): 201-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(05)80184-7
  24. Ushakov, A., V.S. Ivanchenko and A. Gagarina(2016) Psychological stress in pathogenesis of essential hypertension. Current Hypertension Reviews 12(3): 203-214.
  25. Van Dalfsen, J.H. and C.R. Markus(2018) The influence of sleep on human hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity: A systematic review. Sleep Medicine Reviews 39: 187-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2017.10.002
  26. Wang, X., Y. Shi, B. Zhang and Y. Chiang(2019) The influence of forest resting environments on stress using virtual reality. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16(18): 3263. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183263
  27. Yu, C.P., H.Y. Lee and X.Y. Luo(2018) The effect of virtual reality forest and urban environments on physiological and psychological responses. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 35: 106-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2018.08.013