Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
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Study on Characteristic Factors of Female Entrepreneurs for Vitalization of Female Entrepreneurship: Focusing on Case Studies

여성창업 활성화를 위한 여성창업가의 특성요인에 관한 연구: 사례연구를 중심으로

  • 김윤선 (중앙대학교 창업학과) ;
  • 이일한 (중앙대학교 경영경제대학)
  • Received : 2022.07.10
  • Accepted : 2022.10.26
  • Published : 2022.10.31
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Abstract

This study conducted an exploratory study based on in-depth interviews to understand the characteristics and capabilities of female entrepreneurs to promote women entrepreneurship. Therefore, in this study, through in-depth interviews with eight female entrepreneurs, the main contents of entrepreneurial attitudes (need for independence, development desire, favorable conditions), start-up entry rate, start-up motivation, start-up activities and constraints were analyzed. As a result, first, it was found that the entrepreneurial attitude of female entrepreneurs has a strong motivation for successful management based on a feeling of self-satisfaction, has characteristics that prioritize independence and self-actualization, and favorable conditions for starting a business are important. Second, it was found that women's individual differences from men and social structural factors had no significant effect on the entry rate of women. Third, it was found that the most important entrepreneurship motivation for women is the spirit of challenge, self-satisfaction, and the desire to balance work and family. Fourth, female entrepreneurs showed little difference in perception between male and female entrepreneurs in terms of resource access, but there was some discrimination in the network. Fifth, the main industries of female entrepreneurs are small businesses, and there is a tendency to be concentrated in industries with low profit margins and low growth and sales. Finally, it was found that barriers to women's entrepreneurship still exist. Based on the results of this study, the following implications are suggested. First, this study is differentiated in that it mainly identified the characteristics of women's experiences and social environments while starting a business and running a business. Second, in the case of female entrepreneurs, there is a need to spread a positive awareness of women entrepreneurship by arguing that the barriers to entrepreneurship unique to women are not high and can be sufficiently overcome. Lastly, although opportunistic start-ups based on women's social experience or management ability in work life are important for women's entrepreneurship, government support policies are needed to promote professional technology start-ups.

본 연구는 여성창업활성화를 여성창업가의 특성과 역량을 파악하기 위해 심층 인터뷰를 토대로 탐색연구를 실시하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 8명의 여성창업가를 대상으로 한 심층 인터뷰를 통해서 창업태도(독립욕구, 개발욕구, 호의적여건), 창업진입률, 창업동기, 창업활동과 제약조건 등에 관한 주요 내용을 분석해 보았다. 그 결과, 첫째, 여성창업가들의 창업태도는 자기만족을 느끼는 데서 성공의 경영을 하고자 하는 동기가 강하며, 독립과 자아실현이 우선시하는 특성이 있으며, 창업에 대한 주변의 호의적 여건이 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 여성의 창업진입률에서 남성과의 개인적 차이, 사회적 구조요인은 큰 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 여성들의 가장 중요한 창업동기는 도전정신과 자기만족감, 일과 가족의 균형을 맞추려는 욕구가 여전히 강한 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 여성창업가들은 자원접근 측면에서는 남성창업가와 여성창업가 간에 인식 차이가 거의 없으나 네트워크에서 차별이 어느 정도 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 여성창업가의 주요 업종은 소규모 기업이고 이익률이 낮은 업종, 성장과 매출액이 낮은 업종에 집중되는 경향이 나타나고 있다. 마지막으로 여성창업활동의 장애요인은 여전히 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과를 토대로 다음과 같은 시사점을 제시한다. 첫째, 본 연구에서는 주로 여성들이 창업을 하고 기업을 경영하면서 겪는 경험이나 사회적 환경의 특성을 파악하였다는 점에서 차별화된다. 둘째 본 연구에서 여성창업가의 경우 여성만의 창업 장애요인은 높지 않으며, 충분히 극복할 수 있다고 주장하여 여성창업에 대한 긍정적 인식을 확산할 필요성이 제기된다. 마지막으로 여성기업의 창업은 남성기업의 창업보다 기업규모에서 상대적으로 영세한 것으로 나타나고 있다. 이는 향후에 여성창업이 여성의 사회적 경험이나 직장생활에서의 관리능력에 의한 기회적 창업도 중요하지만 전문적인 기술창업도 활성화하도록 정부의 지원정책이 필요하다.

Keywords

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