Phonetics and Speech Sciences (말소리와 음성과학)

Korean Society of Speech Sciences (한국음성학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A study on the change of prosodic units by speech rate and frequency of turn-taking

발화 속도와 말차례 교체 빈도에 따른 운율 단위 변화에 관한 연구

  • Won, Yugwon (Department of Korean Language and Literature, Konkuk University)
  • 원유권 (건국대학교 국어국문학과)
  • Received : 2022.04.22
  • Accepted : 2022.06.10
  • Published : 2022.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the speech appearing in the National Institute of Korean Language's Daily Conversation Speech Corpus (2020) and reveal how the speech rate and the frequency of turn-taking affect the change in prosody units. The analysis results showed a positive correlation between intonation phrase, word phrase frequency, and speaking duration as the speech speed increased; however, the correlation was low, and the suitability of the regression model of the speech rate was 3%-11%, which was weak in explanatory power. There was a significant difference in the mean speech rate according to the frequency of the turn-taking, and the speech rate decreased as the frequency of the turn-taking increased. In addition, as the frequency of turn-taking increased, the frequency of intonation phrases, the frequency of word phrases, and the speaking duration decreased; there was a high negative correlation. The suitability of the regression model of the turn-taking frequency was calculated as 27%-32%. The frequency of turn-taking functions as a factor in changing the speech rate and prosodic units. It is presumed that this can be influenced by the disfluency of the dialogue, the characteristics of turn-taking, and the active interaction between the speakers.

이 연구는 국립국어원 일상 대화 음성 코퍼스(2020)에서 나타나는 발화를 분석하여 발화 속도 및 말차례 교체 빈도가 운율 단위 변화에 어떤 영향을 끼치는지 밝히는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 분석 결과, 발화 속도가 증가할수록 억양구, 어절 빈도, 발화 길이가 증가하는 양의 상관관계를 보였으나 상관관계가 낮았고, 회귀모형의 적합도는 3%-11%로 설명력이 약했다. 말차례 교체 빈도에 따른 평균 발화 속도는 유의미한 차이가 있었고, 말차례 교체 빈도가 증가할수록 발화 속도는 감소하였다. 또한 말차례 교체 빈도가 증가할수록 억양구 및 어절 빈도와 발화 길이는 감소하였으며 높은 음의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 회귀 모형의 적합도는 27%-32%로 계산되었다. 말차례 교체 빈도가 발화 속도와 운율 단위를 변화시키는 요인으로 작용했을 수 있다. 이는 대화체에서 나타나는 비유창성, 말차례 교체 특성, 화자 간 활발한 상호작용 등이 영향을 미쳤을 것이라 추측된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Ahn, B. (2008). The study on prosodic structure and functions in Korean (Doctoral dissertation). Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
  2. Choi, I. J. (2021). A study on turn-beginning discourse markers: Focusing on the British English face-to-face conversation corpus. The Journal of Linguistics Science, 98, 427-453. https://doi.org/10.21296/jls.2021.9.98.427
  3. Clark, H. H., & Wasow, T. (1998). Repeating words in spontaneous speech. Cognitive Psychology, 37(3), 201-242. https://doi.org/10.1006/cogp.1998.0693
  4. Crystal, T. H., & House, A. S. (1990). Articulation rate and the duration of syllables and stress groups in connected speech. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 88(1), 101-112. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.399955
  5. Harnsberger, J. D., Shrivastav, R., Brown W. S. Jr., Rothman, H., & Hollien, H. (2008). Speaking rate and fundamental frequency as speech cues to perceived age. Journal of Voice, 22(1), 58-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.07.004
  6. Hernandez, A., Kim, S., & Chung, M. (2020). Prosody-based measures for automatic severity assessment of dysarthric speech. Applied Sciences, 10(19), 6999. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10196999
  7. Jacewicz, E., Fox, R. A., O'Neill, C., & Salmons, J. (2009). Articulation rate across dialect, age, and gender. Language Variation and Change, 21(2), 233-256. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394509990093
  8. Jun, S. (1993). The Phonetics and Phonology of Korean Prosody(Doctoral dissertation). The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
  9. Jun, Y. (2003). A study on the intonation unit in Korean conversation. Discourse and Cognition, 10(1), 241-265.
  10. Jun, Y. Y. (2006, July). Study of units and structures in spoken language. Proceedings of the Korean Language Research Circle(pp. 7-21). Wonju, Korea.
  11. Kang, O. (1992). Korean prosodic phonology (Doctoral dissertation). University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
  12. Kendall, T. (2013). Speech rate, pause and sociolinguistic variation: Studies in corpus sociophonetics. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
  13. Kim, J. (2017). The influence of utterance length on speech rate in spontaneous speech. Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 9(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.13064/KSSS.2017.9.1.009
  14. Kim, J. I., Kim, J. Y., & Lee, T. W. (1995). Control rules of synthetical pauses and syllable duration depending on pronunciation speed in Korean speech. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea, 14(1), 56-64.
  15. Kim, S. (2009). A preliminary study on the relationship between speech rate and prosodic unit generation in Korean read speech. Eoneohag, 53, 225-253.
  16. Kim, S., Cha, J., & Oh, J. (2011). Utterance factors and utterance type. Korean Semantics, 36, 91-118.
  17. Ko, H., Han, Y., Jung, J., Park, S., & Lee, S. H. (2004). Speech rate and Segment Duration. Wonkwang Journal of Humanities, 5, 57-68.
  18. Lee, N., Shin, J., Yoo, D., & Kim, K. (2017). Speech rate in Korean across region, gender and generation. Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 9(1), 27-39. https://doi.org/10.13064/KSSS.2017.9.1.027
  19. Lee, S. H., Ko, H. J., Han, Y. G., & Kim, J. J. (2003). Effects of speaking rate on Korean vowels. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea, 22(1), 14-22.
  20. Lee, S., & Ko, H. J. (2004). Speech rate and the acoustic features of Korean segments. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea, 23(2), 162-172.
  21. Li, G. (1985). Robust regression. In D. C. Hoaglin, F. Mosteller, & J. W. Tukey (Eds.), Exploratory data tables, trends and shapes (pp. 281-344). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
  22. Nespor, M., & Vogel, I. (1986). Prosodic phonology. Dordrecht: Foris.
  23. Oh, E. (2009). Voice onset time of Korean stops as a function of speaking rate. Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 1(3), 39-48.
  24. Oh, J. (2015). A study on isochronism in the rhythm of the Korean language. Korean Linguistics, 68, 91-115.
  25. Park, C. (2022). A study on phonetic characteristics of turn-taking place in spontaneous speech (Doctoral dissertation). Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
  26. Park, J. (2002a). Some prosodic aspects of read speech and dialogue in Korean. MALSORI, 43, 11-23.
  27. Park, M. (2002b). A study on the change of Korean phoneme according to the speech rate (Master's thesis). Korea University, Seoul, Korea.
  28. Pierrehumbert, J. (1980). The phonology and phonetics of English intonation (Doctoral dissertation). MIT, Cambridge, MA.
  29. Pierrehumbert, J., & Hirschberg, J. (1990). The meaning of intonation contours in the interpretation of discourse. In P. R. Cohen, J. Morgan, & M. E. Pollack (Eds.), Intentions in communication (pp. 271-312). Cambridge, MA; MIT Press.
  30. Quene, H. (2008). Multilevel modeling of between-speaker and within-speaker variation in spontaneous speech tempo. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 123(2), 1104-1113. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2821762
  31. R Core Team. (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (version 4.2.1) [Computer software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria. Retrieved from https://www.R-project.org/
  32. Sacks, H., Schegloff, E. A., & Jefferson, G. (1974). A simplest systematics for the organization of turn-taking for conversation. Language, 50(4), 696-735. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.1974.0010
  33. Schegloff, E. A. (1996). Turn organization: One intersection of grammar and interaction. In O. Elinor, E. A. Schegloff, & S. A. Thompson (Eds.), Interaction and grammar (pp. 52-133). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
  34. Selkirk, E. (1980). Prosodic domains in phonology: sanskrit revisited. In Aronoff, M., & Kean, M. (Eds). Juncture (pp. 107-129). California: Anma Libri.
  35. Seo, Y., & Shin, J. (2019). Speaker age estimation and acoustic characteristics: according to pitch and speech rate. Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 11(4), 9-18. https://doi.org/10.13064/KSSS.2019.11.4.009
  36. Seong, C. J. (1998). The prosodic characteristics of Korean read sentences in dicourse context. MALSORI, 35-36, 1-12.
  37. Smith, B. L., Wasowicz, J., & Preston, J. (1987). Temporal characteristics of the speech of normal elderly adults. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, 30(4), 522-529. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3004.522
  38. Sung, T., & Si, K. (2014). Research methods (2th ed.). Seoul, Korea: Hakjisa.
  39. Tseng, C., & Lee, Y. (2004). Speech rate and prosody units: Evidence of interaction from Mandarin Chinese. Speech Prosody, 23-26.
  40. Verhoeven, J., De Pauw, G., & Kloots, H. (2004). Speech rate in a pluricentric language: A comparison between Dutch in Belgium and the Netherlands. Language and Speech, 47(3), 297-308. https://doi.org/10.1177/00238309040470030401
  41. Yeo, E. J., Kim, S., & Chung, M., (2021). Automatic severity classification of dysarthria using voice quality, prosody, and pronunciation features. Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 13(2), 57-66. https://doi.org/10.13064/KSSS.2021.13.2.057
  42. Yuan, J., Liberman, M., & Cieri, C. (2006, Sept). Towards an integrated understanding of speaking rate in conversation. Proceedings of Interspeech 2006 (pp. 541-544). Pittsburgh, PA.
  43. Yun, W., Yoon, K., Park, S., Lee, J., Cho, S., Kang, D., Byun, K., ... Kim, J. (2015). The Korean corpus of spontaneous speech,. Phonetics and Speech Sciences, 7(2), 103-109. https://doi.org/10.13064/KSSS.2015.7.2.103