Research in Community and Public Health Nursing (지역사회간호학회지)

Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing (한국지역사회간호학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Burnout, Secondary Traumatic Stress, and Compassion Satisfaction of Military Officers Responding to COVID-19

COVID-19 대응 군 간부의 소진, 이차적 외상성 스트레스 및 공감만족

  • Baek, Seoyoung (Graduate School, College of Nursing, Yonsei University.Army Cadet Military School) ;
  • Hwang, Sinwoo (Korea Armed Forces Nursing Academy)
  • 백서영 (연세대학교 대학원 간호학과.육군학생군사학교) ;
  • 황신우 (국군간호사관학교)
  • Received : 2022.02.24
  • Accepted : 2022.05.22
  • Published : 2022.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify individual and occupational factors influencing burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction in military officers who experienced supporting civilians in responding to COVID-19. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 140 special forces' military officers who experienced responding to disasters within 3 months. Data were collected through an online survey from September to November 2021. Results: The mean scores for burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction were 21.67±6.03, 20.54±8.21, and 39.72±8.12 out of 50, respectively. The significant factors that influenced burnout and secondary traumatic stress were 'higher passive stress copying styles' (B=0.17, p<.001; B=0.31, p=<.001, respectively) and 'lower social support (B=-0.11, p=.031; B=-0.10, p=.001, respectively). The compassion satisfaction was more significantly associated with 'higher self-efficacy' (B=0.37, p=<.001), 'higher active stress copying styles' (B=0.19, p=.006), and 'education responding to disasters' (B=2.04, p=.029). Conclusion: The results suggest that the strategies to increase social support, self-efficacy, and active stress coping styles should be considered in developing educational programs for military officers responding to disasters to minimize burnout, secondary traumatic stress and to improve compassion satisfaction.

Keywords

References

  1. Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Cases of COVID-19 in Korea [Internet]. Osong: KDCPA. 2022 [cited 2022 February 7]. Available from: http://ncov.mohw.go.kr/bdBoardList_Real.do?brdId=1&brdGubun=14&ncvContSeq=&contSeq=&board_id=&gubun=
  2. Ministry of National Defense. Defense Disaster Management Directive [Internet] Seoul: Ministry of National Defense. 2021 [cited 2022 February 7]. Available from: https://www.law.go.kr/LSW/admRulLsInfoP.do?admRulSeq=2100000199050
  3. Ministry of National Defense. 2022 Work plan of ministry of national defense [Internet] Seoul: Ministry of National Defense. 2021 [cited 2022 February 7]. Available from: https://www.mnd.go.kr/mbshome/mbs/plan/subview.jsp?id=plan_010000000000
  4. Park DR. 410,000 Military personnel are supported by COVID-19 and flood damage...poor evidence and lack of compensation [Internet]. Newsis. 2020 October 5 [cited 2022 February 7]. Available from: https://newsis.com/view/?id=NISX20201005_0001186068
  5. Ban KY. Is there anything wrong with public support of military personnel? [Internet]. The Kyunghyang Newspaper. 2020 September 14 [cited 2022 February 7]. Available from: https://newsis.com/view/?id=NISX20201005_0001186068
  6. Lee SH, Kim SJ, Sim MY, Yoo SY, Won SD, Lee BC. Mental health of disaster workers. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association. 2015;54(2):135-141. https://doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2015.54.2.135
  7. Franklin P, Gkiouleka A. A scoping review of psychosocial risks to health workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(5):2453. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052453
  8. The Center for Victims of Torture. ProQOL: Professional Quality of Life [Internet]. St. Paul, MN: The Center for Victims of Torture. 2021 [cited 2022 February 7]. Available from: https://proqol.org/cs-cf-theory
  9. Figley CR. Compassion fatigue: Coping with secondary traumatic stress disorder. Baltimore, MD: The Sidran Press; 1995. p. 3-28.
  10. Crabbe JM, Bowley DMG, Boffard KD, Alexander DA, Klein S. Are health professionals getting caught in the crossfire? The personal implications of caring for trauma victims. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2004;21(5):568-572. https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2003.008540
  11. Min JW, Joo HS, AN H. Understanding voluntary disaster workers with their burnout pattern and the group differences in secondary traumatic stress and world assumption. Korean Psychological Journal of Culture and Social Issues. 2016;22(3):363-385. https://doi.org/10.20406/kjcs.2016.08.22.3.363
  12. Gonzalez TC, Helm H, Edwards LI. An examination of resilience, compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction between men and women among trauma responders. North American Journal of Psychology. 2019;21(1):1-20.
  13. Berger R, Gelkopf M. An intervention for reducing secondary traumatization and improving professional self-efficacy in well baby clinic nurses following war and terror: A random control group trial. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2011;48(5):601-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.09.007
  14. Harvey JB, Wahl K. The compassion fatigue and resilience connection: A survey of resilience, compassion fatigue, burnout, and compassion satisfaction among trauma responders. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience. 2015;17(1):318-326. https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000165
  15. Choi MO. The effects of the exposure on traumatic events, occupational qualities, and psychosocial resources on the compassion fatigue and burnout [dissertation]. [Daejeon]: Konyang University; 2009. 55 p.
  16. Lee BR, An SH. Impact of self-compassion, active coping, and passive coping on compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction of nurses at veterans' hospitals. Global Health and Nursing. 2021;11(2):112-122. https://doi.org/10.35144/ghn.2021.11.2.112.
  17. Greinacher A, Derezza-Greeven C, Herzog W, Nikendei C. Secondary traumatization in first responders: A systematic review. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2019;10(1):1562840. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2018.1562840
  18. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods. 2007;39(2):175-191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146
  19. Sherer M, Maddux JE, Mercandante B, Prentice-Dunn S, Jacobs B, Rogers RW. The self-efficacy scale: Construction and validation. Psychological Reports. 1982;51(2):663-671. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1982.51.2.663
  20. Jung AS. A study on the relations between a health promoting behaviors and self-efficacy in general hospital nurse. [dissertation]. [Seoul]: Hanyang University; 2007. 69 p.
  21. Folkman S, Lazarus RS. Stress, appraisal and coping. New York: Springer; 1984. 456 p.
  22. Park A, Lee YH. Influence of the sex role characteristics and stress perception of married women on the coping style for stress. Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy. 1992;4(1):69-80.
  23. Park JW. Study to development a scale of social support. Nursing Papers-Yonsei University; 1986;9(1):22-31.
  24. Ruiz-Fernandez MD, Ramos-Pichardo JD, Ibanez-Masero O, Cabrera-Troya J, Carmona-Rega MI, Ortega-Galan AM. Compassion fatigue, burnout, compassion satisfaction and perceived stress in healthcare professionals during the COVID19 health crisis in Spain. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2020;29(21-22):4321-4330. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15469
  25. Kim GH, You JO, Lee M, Choi Y, Lee YM, Shin JH. Factors affecting burnout among tertiary hospital nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2021;30(4):390-399. https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2021.30.4.390
  26. Jacobson JM. Compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and burnout: Reactions among employee assistance professionals providing workplace crisis intervention and disaster management services. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health. 2006;21(3-4):133-152. https://doi.org/10.1300/J490v21n03_08
  27. Yu H, Jiang A, Shen J. Prevalence and predictors of compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction among oncology nurses: A cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2016;57:28-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.01.012
  28. Jang YM, Kim SY. Coping strategies, compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction among nurses in emergency room. Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research. 2014;20(3):348-358. https://doi.org/10.22650/JKCNR.2014.20.3.348
  29. Galek K, Flannelly KJ, Greene PB, Kudler T. Burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and social support. Pastoral Psychology. 2011;60:633-649. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-011-0346-7
  30. Ariapooran S. Compassion fatigue and burnout in Iranian nurses: The role of perceived social support. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research. 2014;19(3):279-284.
  31. Yom YH, Kim HJ. Effects of compassion satisfaction and social support in the relationship between compassion fatigue and burnout in hospital nurses. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2012;42(6):870-878. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2012.42.6.870
  32. Yildirim N, Coskun H, Polat S. The relationship between psychological capital and the occupational psychologic risks of nurses: The mediation role of compassion satisfaction. Journal of Nursing Scholarship. 2021;53(1):115-125. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12607
  33. Flarity K, Gentry JE, Mesnikoff N. The effectiveness of an educational program on preventing and treating compassion fatigue in emergency nurses. Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal. 2013;35(3):247-258. https://doi.org/10.1097/TME.0b013e31829b726f
  34. Awa WL, Plaumann M, Walter U. Burnout prevention: A review of intervention programs. Patient Education and Counseling. 2010;78(2):184-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2009.04.008