DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effect of Smart Oreder Service on Satisfaction and Continuous Use Intention: The Moderating Effect of Personality Type

스마트 오더 서비스가 만족도와 지속사용의도에 미치는 영향: 성격유형의 조절효과

  • Yea Ji Yeon (Department of Corporation Management, Korea University) ;
  • Cheol Park (College of Global Business, Korea University)
  • 연예지 (고려대학교 기업경영학과) ;
  • 박철 (고려대학교 융합경영학부)
  • Received : 2021.10.29
  • Accepted : 2022.05.09
  • Published : 2022.05.31

Abstract

With the development of IT, mobile apps and the expansion of contactless services due to COVID-19, "smart orders" have recently been activated in the food and beverage service. Even in recent years, when sales have declined, the number of orders made by smart orders has been steadily increasing, and this ordering method can accumulate customer data, enabling effective customized services in the future. In the present study, satisfaction with smart orders and continuous use intention were studied based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). And it focused on whether there is a difference in personality when using smart orders. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on 317 smart order users, and the hypothesis was verified by structural equation model analysis. Perceived benefits had a significant effect on satisfaction; also, satisfaction had a significant effect on continuous use intention. There is a significant disparity between introvert and extrovert type. As a consequence, the introverted type has a greater intention to perceive usefulness of smart orders and continuously use them. These results suggest that the customer's personality type should be considered in future customer customization strategies.

IT 및 모바일앱의 발전과 코로나19로 인한 비대면 서비스의 확대로 최근 '스마트 오더'가 식음료서비스 분야에서 활성화되고 있다. 매출이 감소한 최근에도 스마트 오더에 의한 주문건수는 꾸준히 증가하고 있으며, 이러한 주문방식은 고객의 데이터를 축적할 수 있어, 향후 효과적인 고객맞춤 서비스를 가능하게 한다. 따라서 스마트 오더에 대한 만족과 지속이용의 메카니즘을 밝히는 연구는 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 기술수용모형(TAM)을 근간으로 스마트 오더의 만족과 지속이용의도를 연구하되, 고객의 성격유형(외향-내향)의 조절효과를 검토해 보았다. 이를 위해 스마트 오더 이용자 317명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고, 구조방정식모형 분석에 의해 가설을 검증하였다. 인지된 유용성, 용이성, 유희성이 모두 만족도에 유의한 영향을 미쳤고, 만족도는 지속이용의도에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 이러한 영향은 내향적 고객의 경우가 더 컸으며, 이는 언택트(untact) 서비스의 경우에 만족과 지속이용의도에 성격유형에 따른 차이가 있음을 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 향후 서비스의 고객맞춤화 전략에서는 고객의 성격유형이 고려되어야함을 시사하고 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. 강지원, 남궁영, "커피브랜드 앱의 개인화서비스에 대한 지각된 위험, 지각된 유용성, 지각된 용이성이 신뢰와 이용의도에 미치는 영향-프라이버시 계산이론과 기술수용모델을 적용", 관광학연구, 제41권, 제4호, 2017, pp. 79-94. https://doi.org/10.17086/JTS.2017.41.4.79.94
  2. 노전표, 디지털 마케팅, 북코리아, 2007, pp. 230-231.
  3. 뉴데일리경제, "규제 빗장 풀린 주류 '스마트 오더'... 미리 주문하고 매장서 픽업", 2020.02. 17, Available at http://biz.newdaily.co.kr/site/data/html/2020/03/17/2020031700070.html.
  4. 머니투데이, "한국만 하네? 10년 만에 9배 성장한 스타벅스코리아의 힘", 2019, Available at https://news.mt.co.kr/mtview.php?no=2019031409012144015, 2019.03.14.
  5. 민동원, "심리적 기질이 옴니채널 쇼핑 선호에 미치는 영향 연구: 외향성-내향성 및 다양성 추구 성향을 중심으로", 디지털융복합연구, 제14권, 제1호, 2016, pp. 91-97. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2016.14.1.91
  6. 박현길, "푸드테크(Foodtech)?", 마케팅, 제50권, 제1호, 2016, pp. 42-50.
  7. 배진한, "이용자의 내향성-외향성에 따른 대인매체 이용의 차이: 면대면 커뮤니케이션, 인터넷, 이동전화 이용 사이의 관계를 중심으로", 언론과학연구, 제5권, 제3호, 2005, pp. 303-336.
  8. 서창적, 이혜연, "SST(Self-Service Technology)서비스품질 및 지각된 가치가 고객인게이지먼트에 미치는 영향: 스타벅스 픽업서비스 사이렌 오더(Siren Order)를 중심으로", 한국서비스경영학회 학술대회, 2018, pp. 47-48.
  9. 성현아, 이애주, "커피전문점 스마트 오더 서비스의 지속사용의도에 영향을 미치는 요인-가치기반 수용모델을 중심으로", 한국외식산업학회지, 제16권, 제1호, 2020, pp. 203-218. https://doi.org/10.22509/KFSA.2020.16.1.014
  10. 스타벅스커피 코리아, "스타벅스 사이렌 오더 누적 주문건수 2억 건 돌파", 2021.05.03, Available at https://www.shinsegaegroupnewsroom.com/59673.
  11. 식품음료신문, "시간 절약 '스마트 오더' 모바일 시대 신풍속", 2020.01.30., Available at https://www.thinkfood.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=86312.
  12. 양병화, "소비자의 성격특질에 따른 모바일광고의 수용성 연구: 지각된 효용성의 조절효과", 한국심리학회지: 소비자.광고, 제13권, 제4호, 2012, pp. 645-669.
  13. 오영애, 소비자 행동론, 청목출판사, 2010, pp. 346-347.
  14. 월간커피, "포스트 코로나_비대면 서비스의 부상과 필요", 2021, Available at https://www.the-cup.co.kr/bbs/board.php?bo_table=business_study&wr_id=943.
  15. 유재현, 박철, "기술수용모델(Technology Acceptance Model) 연구에 대한 종합적 고찰", Entrue Journal of Information Technology, 제9권, 제2호, 2010, pp. 31-50.
  16. 이성준, "성격 특성과 이용 동기가 모바일 메신저 그래픽 이모티콘 활용에 미치는 영향: 카카오톡 사례를 중심으로", 한국콘텐츠학회논문지, 제15권, 제12호, 2015, pp. 129-140. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2015.15.12.129
  17. 이승배, "스마트 오더 시스템 사용자의 기술수용 태도가 사용 행동에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구", 한국경영공학회지, 제24권, 제4호, 2019, pp. 105-121. https://doi.org/10.35373/KMES.24.4.7
  18. 이주상, 이효승, 오재철, "근거리 무선 통신기술을 활용한 언택트 모바일 주문 결제 시스템", 한국전자통신학회 논문지, 제15권, 제2호, 2020, pp. 231-236.
  19. 조선비즈, 스타벅스 '사이렌 오더' 누적 주문 2억건 돌파, 2021.05.03, Available at https://biz.chosun.com/distribution/food/2021/05/03/IJX5SIZFXZCYBHRDR532ZKOYBA/.
  20. 조선일보, "내향적인데 MBTI는 "대담한 통솔자, ... 정신과 의사 해석은", 2022, Available at https://www.chosun.com/culture-life/health/2022/02/23/COTM34XPHJHK5PSNV26J4GF7QY/.
  21. 조용범, 조은혜, "기술수용모델을 적용한 O2O 서비스 특성이 만족도와 행동의도에 미치는 영향: 사이렌오더(Siren Order) 서비스를 중심으로", Culinary Science & Hospitality Research, 제25권, 제6호, 2019, pp. 67-78. https://doi.org/10.20878/cshr.2019.25.6.007
  22. 조윤주, 윤혜현, "커피 브랜드 앱(app) 이용고객의 지각된 가치와 신뢰, 플로우, 지속이용의도 간의 관계 연구: 스타벅스 사이렌 오더를 중심으로", 한국식품조리과학회지, 제36권, 제3호, 2020, pp. 271-279
  23. 주간동아, 언택트의 진화, 오프라인에서도 '대면 피하는' 앱 인기, 2020.05.07, Available at https://weekly.donga.com/List/3/01/11/2056677/1.
  24. 최경옥, 이형룡, "가치기반수용모델을 이용한 항공권 검색 모바일 앱 사용자의 지각된 혜택, 지각된 희생, 지각된 가치, 지속이용의도의 영향관계에 관한 연구", 관광학연구, 제43권, 제8호, 2019, pp. 115-135. https://doi.org/10.17086/JTS.2019.43.8.115.135
  25. 하재근, "[SPECIAL N] 코로나가 사라져도 온택트는 계속된다", N 콘텐츠, 제15권, 2020, pp. 19-21.
  26. 한경경제, "줄 서지 않고 앱 주문...'콩다방' 커피빈 달라졌다", , 2020.01.08, Available at https://www.hankyung.com/economy/article/202001081440i.
  27. 헤럴드경제, "매장서 1초도 기다리기 부담" 커피 전문점 스마트 오더 주문 '급증', 2020.10. 04, Available at http://news.heraldcorp.com/view.php?ud=20200928001074.
  28. Adams, D. A., R. R. Nelson, and P. A. Todd, "Perceived usefulness, ease of use, and usage of information technology: A replication", MIS Quarterly, Vol.16, No.2, 1992, 227-247. https://doi.org/10.2307/249577
  29. Agarwal, R. and J. Prasad, "Are individual differences germane to the acceptance of new information technologies?", Decision Sciences, Vol.30, No.2, 1999, pp. 361-391. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1999.tb01614.x
  30. Agrifoglio, R., S. U. E. Black, C. Metallo, and M. Ferrara, "Extrinsic versus intrinsic motivation in continued twitter usage", Journal of Computer Information Systems, Vol.53, No.1, 2012, pp. 33-41.
  31. Ahn, T., S. Ryu, and I. Han, "The impact of Web quality and playfulness on user acceptance of online retailing", Information & Management, Vol.44, No.3, 2007, pp. 263-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2006.12.008
  32. Ajzen, I., Attitudes, personality and behaviour, McGraw-Hill Education, UK, 2005.
  33. Aldas-Manzano, J., C. Ruiz-Mafe, and S. Sanz-Blas, "Exploring individual personality factors as drivers of M-shopping acceptance," Industrial Management & Data Systems, 2009.
  34. Alfahl, H., L. and L. Houghton, "Mobile commerce adoption in organizations: A literature review and future research directions", Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations (JECO), Vol.10, No.2, 2012, pp. 61-78. https://doi.org/10.4018/jeco.2012040104
  35. Andrews, M., J. Goehring, S. Hui, J. Pancras, and L. Thornswood, "Mobile promotions: A framework and research priorities", Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol.34, 2016, pp. 15-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2016.03.004
  36. Azjen, I., Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior, Englewood Cliffs, 1980.
  37. Barkhi, R. and L. Wallace, "The impact of personality type on purchasing decisions in virtual stores", Information Technology and Management, Vol.8, No.4, 2007, pp. 313-330. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10799-007-0021-y
  38. Bellman, S., R. F. Potter, S. Treleaven-Hassard, J. A. Robinson, and D. Varan, "The effectiveness of branded mobile phone apps", Journal of interactive Marketing, Vol.25, No.4, 2011, pp. 191-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2011.06.001
  39. Bhattacherjee, A., "Understanding information systems continuance: An expectation-confirmation model", MIS Quarterly, Vol.25, No.3, 2001, pp. 351-370. https://doi.org/10.2307/3250921
  40. Bove, L. and B. Mitzifiris, "Personality traits and the process of store loyalty in a transactional prone context", Journal of Services Marketing, Vol.21, No.7, 2007, pp. 507-519. https://doi.org/10.1108/08876040710824861
  41. Carment, D. W., C. G. Miles, and V. B. Cervin, "Persuasiveness and persuasibility as related to intelligence and extraversion", British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, Vol.4, No.1, 1965, pp. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1965.tb00433.x
  42. Cervone, D. and L. A. Pervin, Personality: Theory and research, John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
  43. Chen, Y. M., T. H. Hsu, and Y. J. Lu, "Impact of flow on mobile shopping intention", Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Vol.41, 2018, pp. 281-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2017.04.004
  44. Cheng, G., W. Yu, X. Zu, and B. Wu, "Research on continuous intentions of consumers of financial management APP based on social factors", 2019 International Conference on Strategic Management (ICSM 2019), 2019, pp. 162-171.
  45. Choi, Y. and H. Choi, "Factors influencing cognitive, and emotional responses of mobile easy payment service", In Proc. of the Korean Institute of Information and Communication Sciences Conference, Busan, South Korea, 2019, pp. 51-52.
  46. Chung, H., "Consumer brand engagement by virtue of using Star bucks s Branded Mobile App based on grounded theory methodology", International Journal of Asia Digital Art and Design Association, Vol.19, No.4, 2015, pp. 91-97.
  47. Chung, J. and F. B. Tan, "Antecedents of perceived playfulness: an exploratory study on user acceptance of general information-searching websites", Information & Management, Vol.41, No.7, 2004, pp. 869-881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2003.08.016
  48. Corr, P. J. and G. Matthews (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology, Cambridge University Press, 2020.
  49. Costa Jr, P. T. and R. R. McCrae, "The five-factor model of personality and its relevance to personality disorders", Journal of Personality Disorders, Vol.6, No.4, 1992, pp. 343-359. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.1992.6.4.343
  50. Csikszentmihalyi, M., Beyond Boredom and Anxiety, Jossey-Bass, 2000.
  51. Dabholkar, P. A. and R. P. Bagozzi, "An attitudinal model of technology-based self-service: Moderating effects of consumer traits and situational factors", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol.30, No.3, 2002, pp. 184-201. https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070302303001
  52. Davis, F. D., "Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology", MIS Quarterly, Vol.13, No.3, 1989, pp. 319-340. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008
  53. Davis, F. D., R. P. Bagozzi, and P. R. Warshaw, "Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation to use computers in the workplace 1", Journal of Applied Social Psychology, Vol.22, No.14, 1992, pp. 1111-1132. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00945.x
  54. DeLone, W. H. and E. R. McLean, "Measuring e-commerce success: Applying the DeLone & McLean information systems success model", International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Vol.9, No.1, 2004, pp. 31-47. https://doi.org/10.1080/10864415.2004.11044317
  55. Goby, V. P., "Personality and online/offline choices: MBTI profiles and favored communication modes in a Singapore study", Cyberpsychology & Behavior, Vol.9, No.1, 2006, pp. 5-13. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.5
  56. Goldman, S. M., "Transformers", Journal of Consumer Marketing, Vol. 27, No. 5, pp. 469-473.
  57. Gutman, J., "A means-end chain model based on consumer categorization processes", Journal of Marketing, Vol.46, No.2, 1982, pp. 60-72. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298204600207
  58. Harb, Y. and S. Alhayajneh, "Intention to use BI tools: Integrating technology acceptance model (TAM) and personality trait model", In 2019 IEEE Jordan International Joint Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (JEEIT), IEEE, 2019, pp. 494-497.
  59. Hess, T. J., A. L. McNab, and K. A. Basoglu, "Reliability generalization of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and behavioral intentions", MIS Quarterly, Vol.38, No.1, 2014, pp. 1-28. https://doi.org/10.25300/MISQ/2014/38.1.01
  60. Hills, P. and M. Argyle, "Happiness, introversion-extraversion and happy introverts", Personality and Individual Differences, Vol.30, No.4, 2001, pp. 595-608. Available at https://m.mt.co.kr/renew/view.html?no=2019031409012144015&MVR_T#_enliple, 2019.03.14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00058-1
  61. Jani, D. and H. Han, "Personality, satisfaction, image, ambience, and loyalty: Testing their relationships in the hotel industry", International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol.37, 2014, pp. 11-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.10.007
  62. John, O. P. and S. Srivastava, The Big-Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives (Vol. 2, pp. 102-138). Berkeley: University of California, 1999.
  63. Jung, C. G., "Personality types", The portable Jung, 1971, pp. 178-272.
  64. Jung, C. G., Psychological Types. v. 6, Princeton University Press, 1971.
  65. Kagan, D. M. and J. M. Douthat, "Personality and learning FORTRAN", International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, Vol.22, No.4, 1985, pp. 395-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7373(85)80046-8
  66. Kang, J. Y. M., J. M. Mun, and K. K. Johnson, "In-store mobile usage: Downloading and usage intention toward mobile location-based retail apps", Computers in Human Behavior, Vol.46, 2015, pp. 210-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.012
  67. Kannan, P. K., "Digital marketing: A framework, review and research agenda", International Journal of Research in Marketing, Vol.34, No.1, 2017, pp. 22-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2016.11.006
  68. Kim, Y. H., D. J. Kim, and K. Wachter, "A study of mobile user engagement (MoEN): Engagement motivations, perceived value, satisfaction, and continued engagement intention", Decision Support Systems, Vol.56, 2013, pp. 361-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2013.07.002
  69. Kolsaker, A. and N. Drakatos, "Mobile advertising: The influence of emotional attachment to mobile devices on consumer receptiveness", Journal of Marketing Communications, Vol.15, No.4, 2009, pp. 267-280. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527260802479664
  70. Landers, R. N. and J. W. Lounsbury, "An investigation of Big Five and narrow personality traits in relation to Internet usage", Computers in Human Behavior, Vol.22, No.2, 2006, pp. 283-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2004.06.001
  71. Laukkanen, T. and J. Lauronen, "Consumer value creation in mobile banking services", International Journal of Mobile Communications, Vol.3, No.4, 2005, pp. 325-338. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMC.2005.007021
  72. Lee, S. and D. Jo, "Determinants of Technology-Based Self-Service Acceptance", In Data Science and Digital Transformation in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (pp. 39-51), Springer, Cham, 2021.
  73. Lee, S. M. and D. Lee, ""Untact": A new customer service strategy in the digital age", Service Business, Vol.14, No.1, 2020, pp. 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-019-00408-2
  74. Lee, T. and J. Jun, "Contextual perceived value? Investigating the role of contextual marketing for customer relationship management in a mobile commerce context", Business Process Management Journal, Vol.13, No.6, 2007, pp. 798-814. https://doi.org/10.1108/14637150710834569
  75. Liu, H., M. Shao, X. Liu, and L. Zhao, "Exploring the influential factors on readers' continuance intentions of E-Book APPs: Personalization, usefulness, playfulness, and satisfaction", Frontiers in Psychology, Vol.12, 2021, p. 262.
  76. Marinkovic, V. and Z. Kalinic, "Antecedents of customer satisfaction in mobile commerce: Exploring the moderating effect of customization", Online Information Review, Vol.41, No.2, 2017, pp. 138-154. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-11-2015-0364
  77. Mazur, M. A., R. J. Burns, and T. M. Emmers-Sommer, "Perceptions of relational interdependence in online relationships: The effects of communication apprehension and introversion", Communication Research Reports, Vol.17, No.4, 2000, pp. 397-406. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824090009388788
  78. McCrae, R. R. and P. T. Costa, "Validation of the five-factor model of personality across instruments and observers", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.52, No.1, 1987, p. 81.
  79. Padilla-Melendez, A., A. R. del Aguila-Obra, and A. Garrido-Moreno, "Perceived playfulness, gender differences and technology acceptance model in a blended learning scenario", Computers & Education, Vol.63, 2013, pp. 306-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.12.014
  80. Philip Kotler, "Marketing 5.0: Technology foe Humanity", 더퀘스트, Vol.133, 2021.
  81. Pocius, K. E., "Personality factors in human-computer interaction: A review of the literature", Computers in Human Behavior, Vol.7, No.3, 1991, pp. 103-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/0747-5632(91)90002-I
  82. Sanayei, A., N. A. Bazargan, and A. Ansari, "The impact of introversion/extroversion on online shopping intention (Case study: Computer and cell phone accessories)", In 2016 10th International Conference on e-Commerce in Developing Countries: with focus on e-Tourism (ECDC), IEEE, 2016, pp. 1-7.
  83. Sriyabhand, T. and S. P. John, "An empirical study about the role of personality traits in information technology adoption", Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Studies (Former Name Silpakorn University Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts), 2014, pp. 67-90.
  84. Stocchi, L., N. Michaelidou, and M. Micevski, "Drivers and outcomes of branded mobile app usage intention", Journal of Product & Brand Management, Vol.28, No.1, 2019, pp. 28-49. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-02-2017-1436
  85. Svendsen, G. B., J. A. K. Johnsen, L. Almas- Sorensen, and J. Vitterso, "Personality and technology acceptance: The influence of personality factors on the core constructs of the Technology Acceptance Model", Behaviour & Information Technology, Vol.32, No.4, 2013, pp. 323-334. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2011.553740
  86. Thakur, R. and M. Srivastava, "Customer usage intention of mobile commerce in India: An empirical study", Journal of Indian Business Research, Vol.5, No.1, 2013, pp. 52-72. https://doi.org/10.1108/17554191311303385
  87. Thorne, A., "The press of personality: A study of conversations between introverts and extraverts", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.53, No.4, 1987, p. 718. Tojib, D. and Y. Tsarenko, "Post-adoption modeling of advanced mobile service use", Journal of Business Research, Vol.65, No.7, 2012, pp. 922-928. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.05.006
  88. Venkatesh, V. and H. Bala, "Technology acceptance model 3 and a research agenda on interventions", Decision Sciences, Vol.39, No.2, 2008, pp. 273-315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2008.00192.x
  89. Venkatesh, V., "Determinants of perceived ease of use: Integrating control, intrinsic motivation, and emotion into the technology acceptance model", Information Systems Research, Vol.11, No.4, 2000, pp. 342-365. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.11.4.342.11872
  90. Venkatesh, V., M. G. Morris, G. B. Davis, and F. D. Davis, "User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view", MIS Quarterly, Vol.27, No.3, 2003, 425-478. https://doi.org/10.2307/30036540
  91. Viswanathan, V., S. Tillmanns, M. Krafft, and D. Asselmann, "Understanding the quality- quantity conundrum of customer referral programs: Effects of contribution margin, extraversion, and opinion leadership", Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol.46, No.6, 2018, pp. 1108-1132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-018-0603-8
  92. Wang, R. J. H., "Branded mobile application adoption and customer engagement behavior", Computers in Human Behavior, Vol.106, 2020, p. 106245.
  93. Wang, R. J. H., E. C. Malthouse, and L. Krishnamurthi, "On the go: How mobile shopping affects customer purchase behavior", Journal of Retailing, Vol.91, No.2, 2015, pp. 217-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2015.01.002
  94. Wang, R. J. H., L. Krishnamurthi, and E. C. Malthouse, "When reward convenience meets a mobile app: Increasing customer participation in a coalition loyalty program", Journal of the Association for Consumer Research, Vol.3, No.3, 2018, pp. 314-329. https://doi.org/10.1086/698331
  95. Williams, J. L., "Personal space and its relation to extraversion-introversion", Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, Vol.3, No.2, 1971, p. 156.
  96. Wixom, B. H. and P. A. Todd, "A theoretical integration of user satisfaction and technology acceptance", Information Systems Research, Vol.16, No.1, 2005, pp. 85-102. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1050.0042
  97. Xu, F. and J. T. Du, "Factors influencing users' satisfaction and loyalty to digital libraries in Chinese universities", Computers in Human Behavior, Vol.83, 2018, pp. 64-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.01.029
  98. Zarmpou, T., V. Saprikis, A. Markos, and M. Vlachopoulou, "Modeling users' acceptance of mobile services", Electronic Commerce Research, Vol.12, No.2, 2012, pp. 225-248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-012-9092-x
  99. Zhang, P. and N. Li, "The importance of affective quality", Communications of the ACM, Vol.48, No.9, 2005, pp. 105-108. https://doi.org/10.1145/1081992.1081997
  100. Zhao, Z. and C. Balague, "Designing branded mobile apps: Fundamentals and recommendations", Business Horizons, Vol.58, No.3, 2015, pp. 305-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2015.01.004
  101. Zhou, T. and S. Zhang, "Examining the effect of e-commerce website quality on user satisfaction", In 2009 Second International Symposium on Electronic Commerce and Security, IEEE, 2009, pp. 418-421.
  102. Celik, H., "Influence of social norms, perceived playfulness and online shopping anxiety on customers' adoption of online retail shopping: An empirical study in the Turkish context", International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol.39, No.6, 2011, pp. 390-413. https://doi.org/10.1108/09590551111137967
  103. Ozbek, V., U. Alniacik, F. Koc, M. E. Akkilic, and E. Kas, "The impact of personality on technology acceptance: A study on smart phone users", Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol.150, 2014, pp. 541-551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.09.073