Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics (한국광학회지)

Optical Society of Korea (한국광학회)
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Comparative Study of Optimization Algorithms for Designing Optimal Aperiodic Optical Phased Arrays for Minimal Side-lobe Levels

비주기적 광위상배열에서 Side-lobe Level이 최소화된 구조 설계를 위한 최적화 알고리즘의 비교 연구

  • Received : 2021.11.24
  • Accepted : 2021.12.22
  • Published : 2022.02.25
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Abstract

We have investigated the optimal design of an aperiodic optical phased array (OPA) for use in light detection and ranging applications. Three optimization algorithms - particle-swarm optimization (PSO), a genetic algorithm (GA), and a pattern-search algorithm (PSA) - were employed to obtain the optimal arrangement of optical antennas comprising an OPA. The optimization was performed to obtain the minimal side-lobe level (SLL) of an aperiodic OPA at each steering angle, using the three optimization algorithms. It was found that PSO and GA exhibited similar results for the SLL of the optimized OPA, while the SLL obtained by PSA showed somewhat different features from those obtained by PSO and GA. For an OPA optimized at a steering angle <45°, the SLL value averaged over all steering angles increased as the angle of optimization decreased. However, when the angle of optimization was larger than 45°, low average SLL values of <13 dB were obtained for all three optimization algorithms. This implies that an OPA with high signal quality can be obtained when the arrangement of the optical antennas is optimized at a large steering angle.

본 연구에서는 자율주행차의 라이다 센서용 광위상배열(optical phased array, OPA)에서 우수한 신호 품질을 얻을 수 있는 방법에 대해 조사하였다. OPA를 구성하는 광 안테나가 주기적으로 배치되어 있는 경우에는 grating lobe의 형성으로 인해 빔 조향의 범위가 제한된다. 광 안테나가 비주기적으로 배치된 OPA에서는 한 개의 main lobe만 형성되어 넓은 조향 범위가 가능하지만 side lobe에 의한 잡음의 영향으로 신호 품질이 저하된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 비주기적인 OPA에서 발생하는 잡음을 최소화하고 신호 품질을 향상시키기 위한 최적화 연구를 수행한 결과를 보고한다. 최적화를 위한 목적 함수로는 side-lobe level (SLL)을 이용하였고, SLL이 가장 낮은 안테나 배열을 구하기 위한 최적화 기법으로는 입자 군집 최적화(particle-swarm optimization, PSO), 유전 알고리즘(genetic algorithm, GA), 패턴 검색 알고리즘(pattern-search algorithm, PSA) 등을 적용하였다. 128 채널의 광 안테나 배치로 이루어진 비주기적 OPA에서 위 3가지 최적화 기법을 적용하여 결과를 비교하였다. 전반적으로 PSO와 GA는 서로 유사한 최적화 결과를 보였고, PSA는 이와는 약간 차별적인 특성을 보였다. 최적화가 이루어진 각도가 45도보다 작을 때에는 최적화 각도가 작을수록 모든 조향 각도에서의 평균적인 SLL 값이 증가하는 경향을 보였지만, 최적화가 이루어진 각도가 45도 이상일 경우에는 최적화 알고리즘에 관계없이 -13 dB 이하의 평균 SLL 값을 얻을 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 비주기적인 OPA에서 고품질의 신호를 얻기 위한 최적의 안테나 배열을 구하는 데 있어서 PSO, GA, PSA의 최적화 알고리즘이 유용하게 활용될 수 있음을 보였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 2021년도 정부(산업통상자원부)의 재원으로 한국산업기술진흥원의 지원(P0008458, 2021년 산업혁신인재성장지원사업)과 정부(과학기술정보통신부)의 재원으로 한국연구재단의 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임(2019R1A2C1010160).

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