KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (한국포장학회지)

Korea Society of Packaging Science and Technology (한국포장학회)
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Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Migrated from Plastic Food Utensils, Containers, and Packaging Distributed in Korea

국내 유통 식품용 플라스틱 기구 및 용기, 포장의 중금속 위해도 평가

  • Kyung Youn, Lee (Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Graduate School, Korea University) ;
  • Hyung Soo, Kim (Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Graduate School, Korea University) ;
  • Dae Yong, Jang (Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Graduate School, Korea UniversityTransdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Graduate School, Korea University) ;
  • Ye Ji, Koo (Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Graduate School, Korea University) ;
  • Seung Ha, Lee (Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Graduate School, Korea University) ;
  • Hye Bin, Yeo (Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Graduate School, Korea University) ;
  • Ji Su, Yoon (Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Graduate School, Korea University) ;
  • Kyung-Min, Lim (College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University) ;
  • Jaeyun, Choi (Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Graduate School, Korea University)
  • 이경연 (고려대학교 보건과학대학 보건안전융합과학과 러닝헬스시스템융합전공) ;
  • 김형수 (고려대학교 보건과학대학 보건안전융합과학과 러닝헬스시스템융합전공) ;
  • 장대용 (고려대학교 보건과학대학 보건안전융합과학과 러닝헬스시스템융합전공) ;
  • 구예지 (고려대학교 보건과학대학 보건안전융합과학과 러닝헬스시스템융합전공) ;
  • 이승하 (고려대학교 보건과학대학 보건안전융합과학과 러닝헬스시스템융합전공) ;
  • 여혜빈 (고려대학교 보건과학대학 보건안전융합과학과 러닝헬스시스템융합전공) ;
  • 윤지수 (고려대학교 보건과학대학 보건안전융합과학과 러닝헬스시스템융합전공) ;
  • 임경민 (이화여자대학교 약학대학 약학과) ;
  • 최재윤 (고려대학교 보건과학대학 보건안전융합과학과 러닝헬스시스템융합전공)
  • Received : 2022.11.24
  • Accepted : 2022.12.12
  • Published : 2022.12.31
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Abstract

Heavy metals can be intentionally or unintentionally introduced into plastic food utensils, containers, and packaging (PFUCP) as additives or contaminants, which can be ingested with food by humans. Here, seven-heavy metals (lead, cadmium, nickel, chromium, antimony, copper, and manganese) with toxicity concerns were selected, and risk assessment was done by establishing their migration from 137 PFUCP products made of 16 materials distributed in Korea. Migration of heavy metals was examined by applying 4% acetic acid as a food simulant (70℃, 30 minutes) to the PFUCP products. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was employed for the analysis of migrated heavy metals, and the reliability of quantitative results was confirmed by checking linearity, LOD, LOQ, recovery, precision, and expanded uncertainty. As a result of monitoring, heavy metals were detected at a level of non-detection to 8.76 ± 11.87 ㎍/L and most of the heavy metals investigated were only detected at trace amounts of less than 1 ㎍/L on average. However, antimony migrated from PET products was significantly higher than other groups. Risk assessment revealed that all the heavy metals investigated were safe with a margin of exposure above 311. Collectively, we demonstrated that heavy metals migrated from PFUCP products distributed in Korea appear to be within the safe range.

중금속은 첨가제 성분이나 오염으로 인해 식품용 플라스틱 기구 및 용기, 포장 제품에 유입되어 식품을 통해 인체로 노출될 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 독성을 가진 7종의 중금속(납, 카드뮴, 니켈, 크롬, 안티몬, 구리, 망간)을 선정하고 국내 유통되는 16재질 137개 제품들에서의 이행량을 파악하여 위해도 평가를 수행하였다. 대상 검체들은 4% 초산을 식품모사용매(70℃, 30분)로 적용하여 이행시험을 수행하였다. 동시분석을 위해 유도결합플라즈마 질량분석법(ICP-MS)을 적용했으며 선형성, 검출 한계(LOD), 정량 한계(LOQ), 회수율, 정밀도를 측정하고 확장불확도를 산출하여 정량결과의 신뢰성을 확보하였다. 모니터링 결과, 전체적으로 불검출 (ND) ~ 8.76 ± 11.87 ㎍/L의 수준으로 검출되었으며, 대부분이 평균 1 ㎍/L 미만의 미량으로 확인되었다. 또한 안티몬이 PET 재질에서 다른 재질들에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높게(p < 0.05) 측정되었다. 마지막으로 위해도를 평가한 결과, 국내 유통되는 제품들의 중금속들은 인체안전기준 대비 모두 안전한 수준으로 유지되고 있는 것을 확인하였다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 2020년도 식품의약품안전처 연구개발사업의 연구비 지원(20163MFDS020)에 의해 수행되었으며 이에 감사드립니다.

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