DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Determinants of Re-Subscription Period of Early Termination Subscribers of Reverse Mortgage

주택연금 중도해지자의 재가입 소요기간 결정요인 분석

  • 류기윤 (부산대학교 도시공학과) ;
  • 최열 (부산대학교 도시공학과)
  • Received : 2022.05.24
  • Accepted : 2022.07.04
  • Published : 2022.12.01

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the factors affecting the re-subscription period upon initial termination of the reverse mortgage subscription. The study utilized the Korea Housing Finance Corporation's database to extract the information regarding re-subscribers of the reverse mortgage from July 2007 to June 2021. The ordered logit model was employed and found that a set of user (subscriber) characteristics are influential towards the re-subscription period. Among the individual characteristics, changes in age group, marital status from married to single-living, maintaining single-living, and the initial subscription period were found statistically significant, highlighting that the increase in the initial subscription period decreased the re-subscription period. Among the housing (home equity) characteristics, changes in housing price and ownership type (single and partial ownership) were statistically significant, indicating that the change in ownership type decreases the re-subscription period. Lastly, the variables related to loan terms were found significant, revealing that changes in payout method and schedule were both increasing factors of the re-subscription period. Based on the findings, necessary policy implications can be considered to secure the returning subscribers of the reverse mortgage effectively.

본 연구의 목적은 주택연금 중도해지자의 재가입 소요기간 결정요인을 실증분석하는 것이다. 실증분석을 위하여 주택연금을 운용 중인 한국주택금융공사 DB에서 2007년 7월부터 2021년 6월까지 중도해지 후 재가입자에 관한 정보를 추출하였다. 순서형로짓모형을 통한 실증분석 결과, 첫째, 가입자 개인 특성 중 연령대 변동, 부부에서 독신으로 변동, 독신 유지, 최초가입 유지기간 변수들이 통계적으로 유의하였고, 이 중 최초가입 유지기간이 재가입 소요기간을 단축시키는 요인으로 추정되었다. 둘째, 담보주택 특성 중 주택가격 변동과 소유형태 변동 변수들이 통계적으로 유의하였고, 이 중 소유형태 변동이 재가입 소요기간을 단축시키는 요인으로 추정되었다. 셋째, 계약 특성 중 지급방식 변동과 지급유형 변동변수들이 통계적으로 유의하였고, 이 두 변수들은 모두 재가입 소요기간을 증가시키는 요인으로 추정되었다. 실증분석 결과를 바탕으로 재가입 소요기간을 증가시키는 요인에 초점을 맞춘 제도개선을 통하여 중도해지자의 재가입을 유도하는 것과 동시에 소요기간을 단축시키는 것이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Alai, D., Chen, H., Cho, D., Hanewald, K. and Sherris, M. (2014). "Developing equity release markets: Risk analysis for reverse mortgages and home reversions." North American Actuarial Journal, Society of Actuaries, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 217-241. https://doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2014.882252
  2. Armstrong, B. G. and Sloan, M. (1989). "Ordinal regression models for epidemiologic data." American Journal of Epidemiology, Society for Epidemiologic Research, Vol. 129, No. 1, pp. 191-204.
  3. Bishop, T. B. and Shan, H. (2008). Reverse mortgages: A closer look at HECM loans, NBER Papers on Retirement Research Center Project, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
  4. Borooah, V. K. (2002). Logit and probit: Ordered and multinomial models, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, California.
  5. Chiang, S. L. and Tsai, M. S. (2020). "A microeconomic model for the decision of reverse mortgage borrowers to sell their house early and its application on the estimation of termination rates." The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, Vol. 61, No. 2, pp. 288-312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11146-019-09725-9
  6. Davidoff, T. and Welke, G. M. (2017). "The role of appreciation and borrower characteristics in reverse mortgage terminations." Journal of Real Estate Research, American Real Estate Society, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 99-126. https://doi.org/10.1080/10835547.2017.12091465
  7. Greene, W. H. (2012). Econometric analysis, Pearson Education, London, United Kingdom.
  8. Hanushek, E. A. and Jackson, J. E. (2013). Statistical methods for social scientists, Academic Press, New York.
  9. Jeon, Y. J. and Yoo, S. J. (2018). "Effect of the characteristics of the jooteakyeonkeum contract on its termination." Korea Real Estate Review, Korea Real Estate Research Institute, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 115-130 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.35136/krer.28.1.9
  10. Ji, M., Hardy, M. and Li, J. S. H. (2012). "A semi-markov multiple state model for reverse mortgage terminations." Annals of Actuarial Science, Cambridge University Press, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 235-257.
  11. Kim, B. K. and Lim, B. K. (2021). "An analysis of determining factors for re-subsription after early termination of jootaekyeonkeum." Housing Studies Review, Korean Association for Housing Policy Studies, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 79-99 (in Korean).
  12. Kim, G. S. and Shin, S. W. (2014). "A study on the termination hazard of the jooteakyeonkeum." Journal of Residential Environment Institute of Korea, Residential Environment Institute of Korea, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 241-252 (in Korean).
  13. Kim, H. J., Ryu, D. J. and Cho, H. (2018). "A study on reverse mortgage-backed securities with a focus on structural design and estimated cash flow analysis." Korean Journal of Financial Studies, Korea Securities Association, Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 327-347 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.26845/KJFS.2018.04.47.2.327
  14. Kim, J. J. (2013). "A study on the stochastic modeling of prepayment rate in reverse mortgage." Korean Journal of Insurance, Korea Insurance Academic Society, Vol. 94, pp. 1-37 (in Korean).
  15. Lee, J. S. and Choi, Y. (2017). "A study on determinants of use and satisfaction of reverse mortgage considering socioeconomic characteristics of the elderly." Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers, KSCE, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 437-444 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.12652/Ksce.2017.37.2.0437
  16. Lim, B. K. and Kim, B. K. (2022). "Analysis of factors affecting re-subscription period of jootackyeonkeum (Reverse Mortgage)." Journal of Korea Appraisal Society, Korea Appraisal Society, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 91-113 (in Korean).
  17. Liu, I. and Agresti, A. (2005). "The analysis of ordered categorical data: An overview and ac survey of recent developments." Test, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 1-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02595397
  18. Ma, S. R. and Kim, J. J. (2017). "A study on the impact on the guarantor's risk and policy holders'benefit from the insurance premium structure changes in korea reverse mortgage program." Korean Journal of Insurance, Korea Insurance Academic Society, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 43-77 (in Korean).
  19. McCullagh, P. (1980). "Regression models for ordinal data." Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), Royal Statistical Society, Vol. 42, No. 2, pp. 109-142. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1980.tb01109.x
  20. Ryou, K. Y., Lee, J. S. and Choi, Y. (2020). "An analysis on determinants of termination of reverse mortgage considering characteristics of the subscriber." Journal of Korea Planning Association, Korea Planning Association, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 85-94 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.17208/jkpa.2020.08.55.4.85
  21. Shyn, Y. S. (2017). An assessment of the adequate level of proceeds from korea-type reverse mortgage and policy implications, Korea Institute of Finance, Seoul (in Korean).
  22. Shyn, Y. S. and Kim, Y. D. (2016). A study on financial commercialization of the housing assets - focusing on the housing assets acquired by financial institution, Korea Institute of Finance, Seoul (in Korean).
  23. Szymanoski, E. J., Enriquez, J. C. and DiVenti, T. R. (2007). "Home equity conversion mortgage terminations: Information to enhance the developing secondary market." Cityscape, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 5-45.
  24. Yang, J. H. and Yuh, Y. K. (2019). "The impact of soaring housing prices on the reverse mortgage loan in korea: in connection with termination and re-entry stategies of the reverse mortgage loan." Journal of Industrial Economics and Business, Korean Industrial Economic Association, Vol. 32, No. 5, pp. 2075-2108 (in Korean). https://doi.org/10.22558/jieb.2019.10.32.5.2075
  25. Yoo, S. J. and Noh, M. J. (2013). "A study on the determinants of the termination of reverser mortgage contract." Journal of the Korea Real Estate Analysts Association, Korea Real Estate Analysts Association, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 57-75 (in Korean).