DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Relationships between Empathy and Attitudes toward Curricula Integration of Engineering Students

공과대학생의 공감능력과 융합태도의 관계 분석

  • Hwang, Soonhee (Department of Liberal Arts and Science, Hongik University)
  • 황순희 (홍익대학교(세종) 교양과)
  • Received : 2022.10.11
  • Accepted : 2022.11.19
  • Published : 2022.11.30

Abstract

This research aims to examine the relationships between empathy and attitudes toward curricula integration of engineering students. To achieve this goal, first, differences in empathy and attitudes toward curricula integration among engineering students were examined. Second, the effects of attitudes toward curricula integration, as perceived by engineering undergraduate students, on empathy were explored. A total of three hundred and two engineering undergraduate students from three universities in Korea responded to survey based on a two-variables scale. The findings were that, firstly, a positive correlation among sub-factors of empathy and attitudes toward curricula integration was identified. Secondly, attitudes toward curricula integration could explain about 12% of empathy. The practical implications of these findings are discussed herein, with particular attention on education for promotion of empathy for engineering students.

Keywords

References

  1. 강남화 외(2018). 융합인재교육(STEAM) 프로그램이 학생에 미친 효과에 대한 메타분석. 한국과학교육학회지, 38(6), 875-883.  https://doi.org/10.14697/JKASE.2018.38.6.875
  2. 강준(2013). 정서 점화 효과에 기반한 공감의 개인차 연구. 석사학위논문. 고려대학교 대학원. 
  3. 고진희.강명주.김혜진(2019). 간호대학생의 다문화수용성, 공감능력이 세계시민의식에 미치는 융합적 영향. 융합정보논문지, 9(9), 108-116.  https://doi.org/10.22156/cs4smb.2019.9.9.108
  4. 권혁수.박병열(2021). 국제 STEM 교육 연구에서의 이슈: 메타 종합적 접근. 과학교육연구지, 45(1), 11-22.  https://doi.org/10.21796/JSE.2021.45.1.11
  5. 김지영.최희영.김승인(2018). 4차 산업혁명 시대의 공감능력배양을 위한 융합 디자인 교육 개발에 관한 연구 -국내.외 대학사례를 중심으로. 디지털융복합연구, 16(3), 451-456.  https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2018.16.3.451
  6. 문태형(2017). 예비유아교사와 공과대학생 간의 공감하기 및 체계화하기 능력의 비교 연구. 아동교육, 26(4), 219-231. 
  7. 박은혜 외(2009). 성차에 대한 Baron-Cohen의 공감하기-체계화하기 이론 검증. 한국심리학회지 여성, 14(2), 269-286. 
  8. 박진아(2018). 간호대학생의 공감능력 수준과 영향요인. 학습자중심교과교육연구, 18(22), 781-798. 
  9. 방담이.김지영.윤회정(2019). 융합태도 검사 도구의 개발 및 타당도 검증. 학습자중심교과교육연구, 19(10), 375-392. 
  10. 신문승(2018). 융합인재교육 프로그램의 효과에 관한 메타분석. 학습자중심교과교육연구, 18(11), 345-363. 
  11. 이준기 외(2017). 공과대학 학생들의 융합에 대한 태도와 공학교육인증, 성별, 학년과의 관련성-잠재집단분석의 적용. 한국과학교육학회지, 37(1), 113-123.  https://doi.org/10.14697/JKASE.2017.37.1.0113
  12. 이창금 외(2015). 융복합 다문화 간호교육 프로그램이 간호대학생의 문화적 역량과 공감능력에 미치는 효과. 디지털융복합연구, 13(12), 337-346.  https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2015.13.12.337
  13. 채명옥(2016). 간호대학생의 자아탄력성, 공감능력과 대인관계 능력. 한국산학기술학회논문지, 17(5), 95-103.  https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2016.17.5.95
  14. 최성연.마은정(2020). 공학적 공감능력 검사도구 개발 및 타당화 연구. 공학교육연구, 23(5), 51-60.  https://doi.org/10.18108/JEER.2020.23.5.51
  15. 최정아(2019). 공과대학생의 대인관계문제, 정서인식명확성, 공감능력 탐색. 공학교육연구, 22(6), 64-73.  https://doi.org/10.18108/jeer.2019.22.6.64
  16. ABET(2022). Criteria for accrediting engineering programs, 2022-2023. https://www.abet.org/accreditation/accreditationcriteria/criteria-for-accrediting-engineering-programs-2022-2023/ 
  17. Battarbee, K., Suri, J. F., & Howard, S. G.(2014). Empathy on the edge: scaling and sustaining a human-centered approach in the evolving practice of design. IDEO. http://www.ideo.com/images/uploads/news/pdfs/Empathy_on_the_Edge. pdf. 
  18. Berthoz, S. et al.(2008). Cross-cultural validation of the empathy quotient in a French-speaking sample. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 53(7), 469-477.  https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370805300712
  19. Burton, M., Maiorca, C. & Tripp, L. O.(2022). The Relationship between Teacher Candidates' Affective Dispositions and Instructional Planning Actions in STEM. Education Sciences, 12(2), 82. 
  20. Cech, E. A.(2014). Culture of disengagement in engineering education?. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 39(1), 42-72.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243913504305
  21. Culver, D.(1998, November). A review of Emotional Intelligence by Daniel Goleman: implications for technical education. In FIE'98. 28th Annual Frontiers in Education Conference. Moving from 'Teacher-Centered' to 'Learner-Centered' Education. Conference Proceedings (Cat. No. 98CH36214), (Vol. 2, pp. 855-860). IEEE. 
  22. Davis, M. H.(1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1(44), 113-126.  https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113
  23. Depew, D.(2005). Empathy, Psychology, and Aesthetics: Reflections on a Repair Concept. Poroi, 4(1), 99-107.  https://doi.org/10.13008/2151-2957.1033
  24. De Waal, F. B.(2012). The antiquity of empathy. Science, 336(6083), 874-876.  https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1220999
  25. Downey, G. L.(2012). The local engineer: Normative holism in engineering formation. In Engineering, development and philosophy (pp. 233-251). Springer, Dordrecht. 
  26. Drake, S. M. & Reid, J. L.(2018). Integrated curriculum as an effective way to teach 21st century capabilities. Asia Pacific Journal of Educational Research, 1(1), 31-50.  https://doi.org/10.30777/APJER.2018.1.1.03
  27. Duhigg, C.(2016). What Google learned from its quest to build the perfect team. The New York Times Magazine, 26(2016), 2016. 
  28. Eagly, A. H. & Chaiken, S.(2007). The advantages of an inclusive definition of attitude. Social cognition, 25(5), 582-602.  https://doi.org/10.1521/soco.2007.25.5.582
  29. Fila, N. D. & Hess, J. L.(2016). In their shoes: Student perspectives on the connection between empathy and engineering. Paper presented at 2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, New Orleans, Louisiana. 10.18260/p.25640 
  30. Focquaert, F. et al.(2007). Empathizing and systemizing cognitive traits in the sciences and humanities. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(3), 619-625.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.01.004
  31. Gerdes, K. E., Segal, E. A., & Lietz, C. A.(2010). Conceptualising and measuring empathy. British Journal of Social Work, 40(7), 2326-2343.  https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcq048
  32. Gobble, M. M.(2014). Design thinking. Research-Technology Management, 57(3), 59-62. 
  33. Goleman, D.(1998). The emotionally competent leader. The Healthcare Forum Journal, 41(2), 36-38. 
  34. Grasso, D. et al.(2010). Dispelling the myths of holistic engineering. In Holistic Engineering Education (pp. 159-165). Springer, New York, NY. 
  35. Guzey, S. S., Harwell, M. & Moore, T.(2014). Development of an instrument to assess attitudes toward science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). School Science and Mathematics, 114(6), 271-279.  https://doi.org/10.1111/ssm.12077
  36. Hannula, M. S.(2006). Motivation in mathematics: Goals reflected in emotions. Educational studies in mathematics, 63(2), 165-178.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-005-9019-8
  37. Hashim, A. M., Aris, S. R. S., & Chan, Y. F.(2019). Promoting empathy using design thinking in project-based learning and as a classroom culture. Asian Journal of University Education, 15(3), 14-23.  https://doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v15i3.7817
  38. Hecker, P.(1997). Successful consulting engineering: A lifetime of learning. Journal of Management in Engineering, 13(6), 62-65.  https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0742-597X(1997)13:6(62)
  39. Hess, Beever et al.(2017). Empathic perspective-taking and ethical decision-making in engineering ethics education. In Philosophy and engineering (pp. 163-179). Springer, Cham. 
  40. Hess, J. L. & Fila, N. D.(2016). The manifestation of empathy within design: findings from a service-learning course. CoDesign, 12(1-2), 93-111.  https://doi.org/10.1080/15710882.2015.1135243
  41. Hess, J. L., Strobel, J., & Pan, R.(2016). Voices from the workplace: Practitioners' perspectives on the role of empathy and care within engineering. Engineering Studies, 8(3), 212-242.  https://doi.org/10.1080/19378629.2016.1241787
  42. Hess, Strobel et al.(2017). Insights from industry: a quantitative analysis of engineers' perceptions of empathy and care within their practice. European Journal of Engineering Education, 42(6), 1128-1153.  https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2016.1267717
  43. Hojat, M. et al.(2002). Physician empathy: definition, components, measurement, and relationship to gender and specialty. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(9), 1563-1569.  https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.159.9.1563
  44. Holmes, K. et al.(2018). An integrated analysis of school students' aspirations for STEM careers: Which student and school factors are most predictive?. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 16(4), 655-675.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-016-9793-z
  45. Hurk, van den., Meelissen, M. & Langen, van. A.(2019). Interventions in education to prevent STEM pipeline leakage. International Journal of Science Education, 41(2), 150-164.  https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2018.1540897
  46. Hwang, S.(2022). Effects of Engineering Students' Soft Skills and Empathy on Their Attitudes toward Curricula Integration. Education Sciences, 12(7), 452. 
  47. Ishak, N. M., Abidin, M. H. Z., & Bakar, A. Y. A.(2014). Dimensions of social skills and their relationship with empathy among gifted and talented students in Malaysia. Procedia-Social and behavioral sciences, 116, 750-753.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.292
  48. Jack, A.I . et al.(2013). fMRI reveals reciprocal inhibition between social and physical cognitive domains. NeuroImage, 66, 385-401.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.061
  49. Lathem, S. A., Neumann, M. D., & Hayden, N.(2011). The socially responsible engineer: Assessing student attitudes of roles and responsibilities. Journal of Engineering Education, 100(3), 444-474.  https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2168-9830.2011.tb00022.x
  50. Ma, X. & Kishor, N.(1997). Assessing the relationship between attitude toward mathematics and achievement in mathematics: A meta-analyses. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 28(1), 26-47.  https://doi.org/10.2307/749662
  51. McCoach, D. B., Gable, R. K., & Madura, J. P.(2013). Instrument development in the affective domain. (Vol. 10, pp. 978-1). New York, NY: Springer. 
  52. OECD(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development)(2019). OECD Future of Education and Skills 2030. Available online: https://www.oecd.org/education/2030-project/teaching-and-learning/learning/ (accessed on 12 August 2022). 
  53. Park, J.H., & Lee, J.H.(2013). A systematic review of the studies of integrative education. Asian Journal of Education, 14(1), 97-135.  https://doi.org/10.15753/aje.2013.14.1.005
  54. Penzenstadler, B. et al.(2009, August). Soft Skills REquired: A practical approach for empowering soft skills in the engineering world. In 2009 Collaboration and Intercultural Issues on Requirements: Communication, Understanding and Softskills (pp. 31-36). IEEE. 
  55. Rasoal, C., Danielsson, H., & Jungert, T.(2012). Empathy among students in engineering programmes. European Journal of Engineering Education, 37(5), 427-435.  https://doi.org/10.1080/03043797.2012.708720
  56. Ravesteijn, W., Graaff, E. D., & Kroesen, O.(2006). Engineering the future: the social necessity of communicative engineers. European journal of engineering education, 31(1), 63-71.  https://doi.org/10.1080/03043790500429005
  57. Reniers, R.L.E.P. et al.(2011). The QCAE: a Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy. Journal of personality assessment, 93(1), 84-95.  https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2010.528484
  58. Riemer, M. J. (2007). Communication skills for the 21st century engineer. Global Journal of Engineering Education, 11(1), 89-100. 
  59. Riemer, M. J. & Jansen, D. E.(2003). Non-verbal intercultural communication awareness for the modern engineer. World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education, 2(3), 373-378. 
  60. Sill, D. J.(2001). Integrative thinking, synthesis and creativity in interdisciplinary studies. The Journal of General Education, 50(4), 288-311.  https://doi.org/10.1353/jge.2001.0032
  61. Strobel, J. et al.(2013). Empathy and care within engineering: Qualitative perspectives from engineering faculty and practicing engineers. Engineering Studies, 5(2), 137-159.  https://doi.org/10.1080/19378629.2013.814136
  62. Unfried, A. et al.(2015). The development and validation of a measure of student attitudes toward science, technology, engineering, and math (S-STEM). Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 33(7), 622-639.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282915571160
  63. Wallisch, A., Briede-Westermeyer, J. C. & Luzardo-Briceno, M.(2021). Fostering User-Empathy Skills of Engineering Students by Collaborative Teaching. International Journal of Engineering Education, 37(1), 223-243. 
  64. Walther, J., Miller, S.I., & Kellam, N.N.(2012). Exploring the role of empathy in engineering coummunication through a trans-disciplinary dialogue. Paper presented at the American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference, San Antonio, TX. 
  65. Walther, J., Miller, S.E., & Sochacka, N.W.(2017). A model of empathy in engineering as a core skill, practice orientation, and professional way of being. Journal of Engineering Education, 106(1), 123-148.  https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20159
  66. Walther, J. et al.(2020). Empathy and engineering formation. Journal of Engineering Education, 109(1), 11-33.  https://doi.org/10.1002/jee.20301
  67. Wheeler, R.(2016). Soft skills-the importance of cultivating emotional intelligence. AALL Spectrum, 20(3), 28. 
  68. Woolley, A.W. et al.(2010). Evidence for a collective intelligence factor in the performance of human groups. Science, 330(6004), 686-688.  https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1193147