Ocean and Polar Research

Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (한국해양과학기술원)
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Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Caused by Exposure to Different Concentrations of Micro-polystyrene

  • Li, Zhongze (Division of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime & Ocean University) ;
  • Song, Jin Ah (Division of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime & Ocean University) ;
  • Choi, Cheol Young (Division of Marine BioScience, Korea Maritime & Ocean University)
  • Received : 2021.06.18
  • Accepted : 2021.07.15
  • Published : 2021.09.30
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Abstract

Microplastic contamination in waterbodies is a growing source of concern for researchers and other stakeholders. We investigated oxidative stress and toxicity in goldfish (Carassius auratus) in response to exposure to 1-㎛ diameter micro-polystyrene (MP) at concentrations of 0, 10, 100, and 1000 beads/mL (MP 0, MP 10, MP 100, and MP 1000 groups) for 7 d (at day 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7). We analyzed the survival rates; superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) mRNA expression levels in the liver; SOD and CAT activity in the plasma; caspase-3 mRNA expression in the liver; and the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in plasma. Terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were also conducted to determine apoptosis levels in the liver. All fish in the MP 1000 group died by day 7 and the MP 100 group had a lower survival rate than the MP 10 and MP 0 groups. The mRNA expression as well as SOD, CAT, and caspase-3 activity levels were increased significantly with increases in MP concentration and exposure time. Finally, according to the TUNEL assay, more apoptosis was observed in the MP 1000 group at day 5 than in other groups. In summary, MP concentrations above 100 beads/mL caused death and oxidative stress to goldfish. We conclude that MP can cause oxidative stress and apoptosis in goldfish, which leads to death.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by the project titled "Yeongnam Sea Grant" (grant number 20170346) funded by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, South Korea.

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