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미세먼지 저감을 위한 그린인프라 계획요소 도출 - 텍스트 마이닝을 활용하여 -

Derivation of Green Infrastructure Planning Factors for Reducing Particulate Matter - Using Text Mining -

  • 석영선 (고려대학교 대학원 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 송기환 (고려대학교 오정리질리언스연구원) ;
  • 한효주 (고려대학교 대학원 환경생태공학과) ;
  • 이정아 (고려대학교 환경생태공학부)
  • Seok, Youngsun (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Graduate School, Korea University) ;
  • Song, Kihwan (OJEong Resilience Institute, Korea University) ;
  • Han, Hyojoo (Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Graduate School, Korea University) ;
  • Lee, Junga (Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University)
  • 투고 : 2021.08.10
  • 심사 : 2021.09.28
  • 발행 : 2021.11.05

초록

그린인프라 계획은 미세먼지 저감을 위한 대표적인 조경 계획 방안 중 하나이다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 미세먼지 저감을 위한 그린인프라 계획 시 활용될 수 있는 요소를 텍스트 마이닝 기법을 활용하여 도출하고자 하였다. 미세먼지 저감계획, 그린인프라 계획 요소 등의 키워드를 중심으로 관련 선행연구, 정책보고서 및 법률 등을 수집하여 텍스트 마이닝을 통해 단어 빈도-역 문서 빈도(Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency, 이하 TF-IDF) 분석, 중심성 분석, 연관어 분석, 토픽 모델링 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, TF-IDF 분석을 통해 미세먼지 및 그린인프라와 관련된 주요 주제어는 크게 환경문제(미세먼지, 환경, 탄소, 대기 등), 대상 공간(도시, 공원, 지역, 녹지 등), 그리고 적용 방법(분석, 계획, 평가, 개발, 생태적 측면, 정책적 관리, 기술, 리질리언스 등)으로 구분할 수 있었다. 둘째, 중심성 분석 결과, TF-IDF와 유사한 결과가 도출되었으며, 주요 키워드들을 연결하는 중심단어는 '그린뉴딜', '유휴부지'임을 확인할 수 있었다. 셋째, 연관어 분석 결과, 미세먼지 저감을 위한 그린인프라 계획 시, 숲과 바람길의 계획이 필요하며, 미기후 조절의 측면에서 수분에 대한 고려가 반드시 필요한 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 유휴공간의 활용 및 혼효림의 조성, 미세먼지 저감 기술의 도입과 시스템의 이해가 그린인프라 계획 시 중요한 요소가 될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 넷째, 토픽 모델링 분석을 통해 그린인프라의 계획요소를 생태적·기술적·사회적 기능을 중심으로 분류하였다. 생태적 기능의 계획요소는 그린인프라의 형태적 부분(도시림, 녹지, 벽면녹화 등)과 기능적 부분(기후 조절, 탄소저장 및 흡수, 야생동물의 서식처와 생물 다양성 제공 등), 기술적 기능의 계획요소는 그린인프라의 방재 기능, 완충 효과, 우수관리 및 수질정화, 에너지 저감 등, 사회적 기능의 계획요소는 지역사회 커뮤니티 기능, 이용객의 건강성 회복, 경관 향상 등의 기능으로 분류되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 미세먼지 저감을 위한 그린인프라 계획 시 리질리언스 및 지속가능성과 같은 개념적 키워드 중심의 접근이 필요하며, 특히, 미세먼지 노출 저감의 측면에서 그린인프라 계획요소의 적용이 필요함을 시사한다고 볼 수 있다.

Green infrastructure planning represents landscape planning measures to reduce particulate matter. This study aimed to derive factors that may be used in planning green infrastructure for particulate matter reduction using text mining techniques. A range of analyses were carried out by focusing on keywords such as 'particulate matter reduction plan' and 'green infrastructure planning elements'. The analyses included Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) analysis, centrality analysis, related word analysis, and topic modeling analysis. These analyses were carried out via text mining by collecting information on previous related research, policy reports, and laws. Initially, TF-IDF analysis results were used to classify major keywords relating to particulate matter and green infrastructure into three groups: (1) environmental issues (e.g., particulate matter, environment, carbon, and atmosphere), target spaces (e.g., urban, park, and local green space), and application methods (e.g., analysis, planning, evaluation, development, ecological aspect, policy management, technology, and resilience). Second, the centrality analysis results were found to be similar to those of TF-IDF; it was confirmed that the central connectors to the major keywords were 'Green New Deal' and 'Vacant land'. The results from the analysis of related words verified that planning green infrastructure for particulate matter reduction required planning forests and ventilation corridors. Additionally, moisture must be considered for microclimate control. It was also confirmed that utilizing vacant space, establishing mixed forests, introducing particulate matter reduction technology, and understanding the system may be important for the effective planning of green infrastructure. Topic analysis was used to classify the planning elements of green infrastructure based on ecological, technological, and social functions. The planning elements of ecological function were classified into morphological (e.g., urban forest, green space, wall greening) and functional aspects (e.g., climate control, carbon storage and absorption, provision of habitats, and biodiversity for wildlife). The planning elements of technical function were classified into various themes, including the disaster prevention functions of green infrastructure, buffer effects, stormwater management, water purification, and energy reduction. The planning elements of the social function were classified into themes such as community function, improving the health of users, and scenery improvement. These results suggest that green infrastructure planning for particulate matter reduction requires approaches related to key concepts, such as resilience and sustainability. In particular, there is a need to apply green infrastructure planning elements in order to reduce exposure to particulate matter.

키워드

과제정보

본 결과물은 환경부의 재원으로 한국환경산업기술원의 도시 생태계 건강성 증진 사업의 지원을 받아 연구되었습니다(2020002770002).

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