Acknowledgement
This research was supported by Research Program through the Korea Entrepreneurship Foundation funded by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups(2019).
References
- Statistics Korea. (2019). 2018 Annual Report on The Economically Active Population Survey. Daejeon: Statistics Korea.
- A. De Bruin, C. G. Brush & F. Welter. (2006). Introduction to the Special Issue: Towards Building Cumulative Knowledge on Women's Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and practice, 30(5), 585-593. DOI : 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00137.x
- Science & Technology Policy Institute. (2018). In-depth Study of 2018 Entrepreneurship Survey. Seoul: Korea Entrepreneurship Foundation.
- P. Arenius & M. Minniti. (2005). Perceptual Variables and Nascent Entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 233-247. DOI : 10.1007/s11187-005-1984-x
- G. Segal, D. Borgia & J. Schoenfeld. (2005). The Motivation to Become an Entrepreneur. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 11(1), 42-57. DOI : 10.1108/13552550510580834
- Y. Zhang, G. Duysters & M. Cloodt. (2014). The Role of Entrepreneurship Education as a Predictor of University Students' Entrepreneurial Intention. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 10(3), 623-641. DOI : 10.1007/s11365-012-0246-z
- S. J. Kwon. (2018). Building a Theory of Korean Venture Growth from Cases: Opportunity Pursuit Mechanism driven by Entrepreneurship, Industrial Environment, and Government Policy. Journal of the Korean Entrepreneurship Socieity, 13(3), 140-167. DOI : 10.24878/tkes.2018.13.3.140
- Y. H. Kim & T. Y. Yang. (2013). Researching Entrepreneurship over the Last Decade : A Challenge for the 21st Century. Asia Pacific Journal of Small Business, 35(3), 347-376. UCI : G704-SER000001590.2013.35.3.009
- J. C. Hayton, G. George & S. A. Zahra. (2002). National Culture and Entrepreneurship: A Review of Behavioral Research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(4), 33-52. DOI : 10.1177/104225870202600403
- Ahl, H. (2002). The Construction of the Female Entrepreneur as the Other. In Czarniawska-Joerges, B., B. Czarniawska, and H. Hopfl(Eds.). Casting the Other: The Production and Maintenance of Inequalities in Work Organizations, Psychology Press. 52-67. DOI : 10.4324/9780203994221
- S. G. Walter & D. Dohse. (2012). Why Mode and Regional Context Matter for Entrepreneurship Education. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 24(9-10), 807-835. DOI : 10.1080/08985626.2012.721009
- H. Ahl. (2006). Why Research on Women Entrepreneurs Needs New Directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(5), 595-621. DOI : 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2006.00138.x
- L. De Vita, M. Mari & S. Poggesi. (2014). Women Entrepreneurs in and from Developing Countries: Evidences from the Literature. European Management Journal, 32(3), 451-460. DOI : 10.1016/j.emj.2013.07.009
- S. A. Zahra & M. Wright. (2011). Entrepreneurship's Next Act. Academy of Management Perspectives, 25(4), 67-83. DOI : 10.5465/amp.2010.0149
- J. B. Park, H. K. Joo & H. b. Yang. (2009). Cultivating the Entrepreneurship in Korea Based on the Analysis of Survey on Entrepreneurial Phenomena. The Journal of Business Education, 23(2), 145-164. UCI : G704-001402.2009.23.2.005
- P. M. Kreiser, L. D. Marino & K. M. Weaver. (2002). Assessing the Psychometric Properties of the Entrepreneurial Scale: A Multi-Country Analysis. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(4), 71-92. DOI : 10.1177/104225870202600405
- D. Miller. (1983). The Correlates of Entrepreneurship in Three Types of Firms. Management Science, 29(7), 770-792. DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.29.7.770
- J. G. Covin & D. P. Slevin. (1989). Strategic Management of Small Firms in Hostile and Benign Environments. Strategic Management Journal, 10(1), 75-87. DOI : 10.1002/smj.4250100107
- G. T. Lumpkin & G. G. Dess. (1996). Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking it to Performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172. DOI : 10.5465/amr.1996.9602161568
- H. H. Stevenson & J. C. Jarillo. (1990). A Paradigm of Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial Management. Strategic Management Journal, 11, 17-27. DOI : 10.3846/1648715x.2007.9637558
- H. Ahl & T. Nelson. (2010). Moving Forward: Institutional Perspectives on Gender and Entrepreneurship. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 2(1), 5-9. DOI : 10.1108/17566261011044259
- S. Birley. (1989). Female Entrepreneurs: Are They Really Any Different? Journal of Small Business Management, 27(1), 32-35.
- C. G. Brush. (1992). Research on Women Business Owners: Past Trends, A New Perspective and Future Directions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(4), 5-30. DOI : 10.1177/104225879201600401
- T. Bates, W. E. Jackson III & J. H. Johnson Jr. (2007). Advancing Research on Minority Entrepreneurship. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 613(1), 10-17. DOI : 10.1177/0002716207303405
- P. Goyal & V. Yadav. (2014). To Be or Not to Be a Woman Entrepreneur in a Developing Country. Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management, 2(2), 68-78.
- S. Choo & H. Kong. (2019). The Effects of Gender and Childbirth on Entrepreneurship: Implications for the Activation of Female Entrepreneurship. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 14(5), 93-104. DOI : 10.16972/apjbve.14.5.201910.93
- B. McSweeney. (2002). The Essentials of Scholarship: A Reply to Geert Hofstede. Human relations, 55(11), 1363-1372. DOI : 10.1177/00187267025511005
- R. S. Shinnar, O. Giacomin & F. Janssen. (2012). Entrepreneurial Perceptions and Intentions: The Role of Gender and Culture. Entrepreneurship Theory and practice, 36(3), 465-493. DOI : 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2012.00509.x
- R. Shneor, S. Metin Camgoz & P. Bayhan Karapinar. (2013). The Interaction between Culture and Sex in the Formation of Entrepreneurial Intentions. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 25(9-10), 781-803. DOI : 10.1080/08985626.2013.862973
- G. Hofstede. (1980). Culture and Organizations. International Studies of Management & Organization, 10(4), 15-41. DOI : 10.1080/00208825.1980.11656300
- G. Hofstede. (2001). Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations. Sage publications.
- G. Hofstede & R. R. McCrae. (2004). Personality and Culture Revisited: Linking Traits and Dimensions of Culture. Cross-Cultural Research, 38(1), 52-88. DOI : 10.1177/1069397103259443
- L. W. Busenitz & C.-M. Lau. (1996). A Cross-cultural Cognitive Model of New Venture Creation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 20(4), 25-40. DOI : 10.1177/104225879602000403
- R. K. Mitchell, B. Smith, K. W. Seawright & E. A. Morse. (2000). Cross-cultural Cognitions and the Venture Creation Decision. Academy of Management Journal, 43(5), 974-993. DOI : 10.2307/1556422
- G. Hofstede, G. J. Hofstede & M. Minkov. (2005). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. (Vol. 2): Citeseer.
- G. Hofstede. (1998). Attitudes, Values and Organizational Culture: Disentangling the Concepts. Organization studies, 19(3), 477-493. DOI : 10.1177/017084069801900305
- V. K. Gupta, D. B. Turban, S. A. Wasti & A. Sikdar. (2009). The Role of Gender Stereotypes in Perceptions of Entrepreneurs and Intentions to Become an Entrepreneur. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(2), 397-417. DOI : 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2009.00296.x
- D. Kanze, L. Huang, M. A.Conley & E. T. Higgins. (2018). We Ask Men to Win and Women Not to Lose: Closing the Gender Gap in Startup Funding. Academy of Management Journal, 61(2), 586-614. DOI : 10.5465/amj.2016.1215
- R. J. House, P. J. Hanges, M. Javidan, P. W. Dorfman & V. Gupta. (2004). Culture, Leadership, and Organizations: The GLOBE Study of 62 Societies. Sage publications.
- T. J. Bae, S. Qian, C. Miao & J. O. Fiet. (2014). The Relationship between Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Meta-analytic Review. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), 217-254. DOI : 10.1111/etap.12095
- L. Borghans, J. J. Heckman, B. H. Golsteyn & H. Meijers. (2009). Gender Differences in Risk Aversion and Ambiguity Aversion. Journal of the European Economic Association, 7(2-3), 649-658. DOI : 10.1162/JEEA.2009.7.2-3.649
- F. M. Fossen. (2012). Gender Differences in Entrepreneurial Choice and Risk Aversion-a decomposition Based on a Microeconometric Model. Applied Economics, 44(14), 1795-1812. DOI : 10.1080/00036846.2011.554377
- S. W. Raudenbush & A. S. Bryk. (2002). Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods (Vol. 1). Sage.
- D. A. Hofmann, M. A.Griffin & M. B. Gavin. (2000). The Application of Hierarchical Linear Modeling to Organizational Research. In Klein, K. J. and Kozlowski, S. W. J. (Eds.). Multilevel Theory, Research, and Methods in Organizations: Foundations, Extensions, and New Directions (pp. 467-511). San Francisco, CA, US: Jossey-Bass.
- P. Koellinger, M. Minniti & C. Schade. (2013). Gender Differences in Entrepreneurial Propensity. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 75(2), 213-234. DOI : 10.1111/j.1468-0084.2011.00689.x
- R. S. Shinnar, D. K. Hsu & B. C. Powell. (2014). Self-efficacy, Entrepreneurial Intentions, and Gender: Assessing the Impact of Entrepreneurship Education Longitudinally. The International Journal of Management Education, 12(3), 561-570. DOI : 10.1016/j.ijme.2014.09.005
- A. Wieland, M. Kemmelmeir & B. McKelvey. (2016). The Gender Congruence Bias in Entrepreneurship, Academy of Management Proceedings. 2016(1). Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of Management, 2016. DOI : 10.5465/ambpp.2016.14183abstract
- S. Choo & H. Kong. (2019). An Exploratory Study on the Determinants of Entrepreneurship in Korea: Focusing on Gender Differences. Journal of the Korean Entrepreneurship Socieity, 14(2), 104-122. DOI : 10.24878/tkes.2019.14.2.104
- H. K. Kwon & M. G. Ahn. (2021). The Effect of Firm Characteristics on the Female Employment Ratio. Journal of Digital Convergence, 19(1), 177-186. DOI : 10.14400/JDC.2021.19.1.177
- K. D. Suh. (2016). The Effect of Glass Ceiling Induced Factors and Perception on Job Commitment: Focusing on the Comparison between Local Medical Practitioners and Private Medical Practitioners. Journal of Digital Convergence, 14(11), 225-232. DOI : 10.14400/JDC.2016.14.11.225