한국심리학회지 : 코칭 (The Korean Journal of Coaching Psychology)

  • 제5권1호
  • /
  • Pages.33-65
  • /
  • 2021
  • /
  • 2586-0755(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2799-8444(eISSN)
한국코칭심리학회 (Korean Association of Coaching Psychology)
권호 표지

대학생이 인식하는 학생성공 개념에 관한 탐색적 연구: CQR-M 분석을 중심으로

An Exploratory Study on the Concept of Student Success Recognized by College Students

  • 류소형 (광운대학교 산업심리학과) ;
  • 탁진국 (광운대학교 산업심리학과)
  • Ryu, SoHyeong (Department of industrial psychology, Kwangwoon university) ;
  • Tak, Jinkook (Department of industrial psychology, Kwangwoon university)
  • 투고 : 2021.05.13
  • 심사 : 2021.06.14
  • 발행 : 2021.06.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 연구는 대학생이 인식하는 학생성공의 개념을 조사하기 위한 탐색적 연구이다. 학생들의 자유로운 생각을 듣기위해 온라인 설문지를 활용해 개방형 설문을 진행하고 99명의 응답을 분석하였다. 응답결과는 CQR-M(Consensual Qualitative Research-Modified)을 사용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 '학생성공의 의미', '학생성공을 위한 대학 환경 요인', '학생성공에 필요한 심리적 요인' 등 3개의 영역에서 25개 범주가 도출되었다. 첫 번째 영역인 대학생이 인식하는 '학생성공의 의미'에서는 '학업성취·취업 역량 증진·다양한 경험 쌓기·만족스러운 취업·원하는 진로 설정·관계형성 능력 증진·나만의 목표 설정과 달성·자기 개발·만족스러운 대학생활'의 9개의 범주가 도출되었다. 두 번째 영역인 '학생성공을 위한 대학 환경 요인'에서는 '진로개발 지원·직무역량 향상 시스템·대학생활 참여지원·인적 네트워크 형성 기회·학습역량 증진 시스템·경제적 지원 확대·학생 편의를 위한 환경'으로 7개 범주가 도출되었다. 세 번째 영역인 '학생성공에 필요한 심리적 요인'에서는 '학습능력·자기효능감·대인관계 유능성·자기인식 및 개선·직무역량·자기조절 능력·풍부한 경험·진로인식·자존감'의 9개의 범주가 도출되었다. 각 영역별 빈도와 결과를 분석하여 제시하고, 연구의 의의와 제한점을 논의하였으며, 후속연구에 대한 제언을 하였다.

This study is an exploratory study to investigate the concept of student success recognized by college students. In order to listen to students' free thoughts, an open questionnaire was conducted using an online questionnaire and 99 responses were analyzed. The response results were analyzed using CQR-M (Consensual Qualitative Research-Modified). As a result of the analysis, 25 categories were derived from three domains. The frist domain, 'meaning of student success' recognized by college students is with 9 categories: 'academic achievement', 'job competency improvement', 'gaining diverse experiences', 'satisfactory employment', 'setting of desired career path', 'relationship-building ability improvement', 'setting and achievement of own goals', 'self-development', and 'satisfactory college life'. The second domain, 'college environmental factors for student success' is with 7 categories: 'career development support', 'job competency improvement system', 'support for participation in college life', 'opportunities to form human networks', 'learning capability enhancement system', 'expansion of economic support', and 'environment for student convenience'. The third domain, 'psychological factors necessary for student success' is with 9 categories: 'learning ability', 'self-efficacy', 'interpersonal competence', 'self-awareness and improvement', 'job competency', 'self-regulation ability', 'rich experience', 'career awareness', and 'self-esteem'. The frequency and results of each domain were analyzed and presented, the significance and limitations of the study were discussed, and suggestions for subsequent studies were made.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. 권정선, 김회용 (2016). 듀이 지식론의 재고찰. 교육철학연구, 38(2), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.15754/JKPE.2016.38.2.001001
  2. 김성경 (2003). 대학신입생의 스트레스와 학교적응에 관한 연구. 청소년학연구, 10(2), 215-237.
  3. 박정하 (2020). 학생성공과 교양교육. 대학지성 IN & OUT. https://www.unipress.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=1892 에서 2020.08.24 자료 얻음.
  4. 류진혜, 이대형 (2004). 학년도 서울캠퍼스 신입생들의 대학생활적응 연구. 대학생활연구, 22.
  5. 박성현 (2019). 추락하는 대학교육 경쟁력, 이대로 방치할 것인가. 미래한국. http://www.futurekorea.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=121500 에서 2019.10.08 자료 얻음.
  6. 박영신, 김의철, 한기혜 (2012). 한국인의 성취의식 탐구. 교육학연구, 50, 51-89.
  7. 박영신, 김의철 (2009). 한국청소년의 행복: 심리적, 관계적, 경제적 자원과 학업성취의 영향. 한국심리학회지: 사회문제, 15, 399-429.
  8. 배상훈, 조성범, 한송이, & 곽은주 (2020). 성공적인 대학 생활에 대한 학생 인식. 열린교육연구, 28, 319-346.
  9. Break News (2009). 취업준비시기, 대학입학하자마자 41.5%. breaknews.com/sub_read.html?uid=114870 에서 2009.11.23 자료 얻음.
  10. 이혜정, 임상훈, 강수민 (2019). 4 차 산업혁명 시대 대학교육 혁신 방안 탐색: 미네르바스쿨 사례를 중심으로. 평생학습사회, 15(2), 59-84.
  11. 서울대학교 대학생활문화원 (2015). 2015학년도 신입생 특성조사. https://snucounsel.snu.ac.kr/board/boardDataView.do 에서 2016.06.09 자료 얻음.
  12. 신소영, 권성연 (2012). 대학교육 중요도-만족도 분석 및 교육만족도 제고방안 탐색. 교육문제연구, 45, 55-85.
  13. 손솔, 서경현 (2014). 대학생의 감사 성향과 심리적 웰빙 간의 관계: 대인관계 유능성의 매개효과를 중심으로. 한국심리학회지: 건강, 19(2), 619-639.
  14. 연합뉴스 (2021.4.13.). 위기의 대학 ① 저출산에, 코로나 19에 대학이 무너진다. https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20210408141700501?site=mapping_related 에서 2021. 04. 13 자료 얻음
  15. 이수진 (2009). 대학생이 지각하는 사회유대감과 자율성이 학교생활적응과 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향: 대인관계문제를 매개로. 한국심리학회지: 학교, 6(2), 229-248.
  16. 이은주, 박도형 (2020). 대학생의 학창경험이 사회 진출에 미치는 영향: 대학생활 활동 로그분석을 중심으로. 지능정보연구, 26(4), 149-171. https://doi.org/10.13088/JIIS.2020.26.4.149
  17. 정은이 (2011). 대학생을 위한 자기 성장 및 대인관계 유능성 향상 집단 상담의 효과 분석. 교육방법연구, 23(4), 687-712. https://doi.org/10.17927/TKJEMS.2011.23.4.687
  18. 조명호, 김정오, 권석만 (1994). 청소년의 삶의 질. 사회과학과 정책연구, 16.
  19. 최영준 (2013). 대학생의 대학교육 만족도 변인과 변인 영향력에 관한 연구. Andragogy Today, 16, 61-83.
  20. 최정윤, 이병식 (2009). 대학생의 학습성과에 대한 영향 요인 탐색: 대학의 효과 분석을 중심으로. 교육행정학연구, 27(1), 199-222.
  21. KESS 교육통계서비스 (2020). 간추린 교육통계 2020. https://kess.kedi.re.kr/publ/view?survSeq=2020&publSeq=3&menuSeq=0&itemCode=02&language=# 에서 2020. 12 자료 얻음
  22. 탁진국, 이창호, 남승규 (1994). 대학생의 학업 적응에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 종단적 연구. 한국심리학회 학술대회 자료집, 1, 551-560.
  23. 통계청 (2021). 주요 연령계층별 추계인구. https://kosis.kr/statHtml/statHtml.do?orgId=101&tblId=DT_1BPA003&conn_path=I2 에서 2019.03.28 자료 얻음.
  24. 통계청 (2021). 2021년 2월 고용동향. http://kostat.go.kr/portal/korea/kor_nw/1/3/2/index.board?bmode=read&bSeq=&aSeq=388656&pageNo=1&rowNum=10&navCount=10&currPg=&searchInfo=&sTarget=title&sTxt=에서 2021.03.17 자료 얻음.
  25. 한국대학신문 (2020, 11, 13). 정부에 바란다! 세계 교육 허브 국가로 발돋움할 대한민국. 제1377호 A23면.
  26. 홍효정 (2020). 프로젝트학습 경험이 대학생 핵심역량과 학습몰입에 미치는 효과. 학습자중심교과교육연구, 20, 789-816.
  27. Abrams, H. G., & Jernigan, L. P. (1984). Academic support services and the success of high-risk college students. American Educational Research Journal, 21(2), 261-274. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312021002261
  28. American Federation of Teachers, (2011). Student Success in Higher Education. AFT Higher Education.
  29. Anaya, G., & Cole, D. G. (2001). Latina/o student achievement: Exploring the influence of student-faculty interactions on college grades. Journal of college student development, 42(1), 3-14.
  30. Arnold, K. D. (1993). Academic achievement: A View from the Top. The Illinois Valedictorian Project. Oak Brook, IL: North Central Regional Education Laboratory.
  31. Astin, A. W. (1984). Student involvement: A developmental theory for higher education. Journal of college student personnel, 25(4), 297-308.
  32. Astin, A. W. (1997). What matters in college: Four Critical Years Revisited. New York: Jossey-Bass.
  33. Atkins, M., & Ebdon, L. (2014). National strategy for access and student success in higher education. London: Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/299689/bis-14-516-national-strategy-for-access-and-student-success.pdf 에서 2014, 04, 01 자료 얻음.
  34. Bandura, A. (1986). Fearful expectations and avoidant actions as coeffects of perceived self-inefficacy. American Psychologist, 41(12), 1389-1391. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.41.12.1389
  35. Bean, J. P. (1980). Dropouts and turnover: The synthesis and test of a causal model of student attrition. Research in higher education, 12(2), 155-187. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00976194
  36. Boulter, L. T. (2002). Self-concept as a predictor of college freshman academic adjustment. College student journal, 36(2).
  37. Brady-Amoon, P., & Fuertes, J. N. (2011). Self-Efficacy, Self-Rated abilities, adjustment, and academic performance. Journal of Counseling & Development, 89(4), 431-438. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2011.tb02840.x
  38. Christenson, S. L., Reschly, A. L., & Wylie, C. (2012). Handbook of research on student engagement. Springer Science+Business Media.
  39. Colarelli, S. M. (1991). Relationships between University Characteristics and Early Job Outcomes of Accountants. Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 21(3), 24-46. https://doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v21i3.183109
  40. Dean, A. M., & Camp, W. G. (1998). Defining and Achieving Student Success: University Faculty and Student Perspectives. Paper presented at the American Vocational Association, New Orlean, LA.
  41. Deci, E. L., Ryan, R. M., Gagne, M., Leone, D. R., Usunov, J., & Kornazheva, B. P. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation, and well-being in the work organizations of a former eastern bloc country: A cross-cultural study of self-determination. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 27(8), 930-942. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167201278002
  42. Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and Education. https://archive.org/details/ExperienceAndEducation-JohnDewey 에서 2016.05.28 자료 얻음
  43. Edward B., & Melissa B. (2019). 동기과학 (신현정 역). 서울: 시그마프레스. (원전은 2017에 출판).
  44. Elliot, A. J., & Thrash, T. M. (2001). Achievement goals and the hierarchical model of achievement motivation. Educational psychology review, 13(2), 139-156. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1009057102306
  45. Elliott, K. M., & Shin, D. (2002). Student satisfaction: An alternative approach to assessing this important concept. Journal of Higher Education policy and management, 24(2), 197-209. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080022000013518
  46. Eubanks, D. (2021) Assessing for student success. Intersection: A Journal at the Intersection of Assessment And Learning, 2(2).
  47. Fong, C. J., Davis, C. W., Kim, Y., Kim, Y. W., Marriott, L., & Kim, S. (2017). Psychosocial factors and community college student success: A meta-analytic investigation. Review of Educational Research, 87(2), 388-424. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654316653479
  48. Galyon, C. E., Blondin, C. A., Yaw, J. S., Nalls, M. L., & Williams, R. L. (2012). The relationship of academic self-efficacy to class participation and exam performance. Social Psychology of Education, 15(2), 233-249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-011-9175-x
  49. Gurin, P., Dey, E. L., Hurtado, S., & Gurin, G. (2002). Diversity and higher education: Theory and impact on educational outcomes, Harvard Educational Review, 72(3), 330-366. https://doi.org/10.17763/haer.72.3.01151786u134n051
  50. Harper, S. R. (2005). Leading the way: Inside the experiences of high-achieving African American male students. About Campus, 10(1), 8-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/abc.118
  51. Heckert, T., & Wallis, H. (1998). Career and salary expectations of college freshmen and seniors: Are seniors more realistic than freshmen?. College Student Journal, 32(3), 334-339.
  52. Hill, C. E. (1990). A review of exploratory in-session process research. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 288-294. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.58.3.288
  53. Hill, C. H., & Knox, S. (2016). 합의적 질적 연구 (주은선 역). 서울: 학지사. (원전은 2011에 출판).
  54. Hirschy, A. S., Bremer, C. D., & Castellano, M. (2011). Career and technical education (CTE) student success in community colleges: A conceptual model. Community College Review, 39(3), 296-318. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091552111416349
  55. IMD (2020). The IMD World Talent Ranking 2020. https://www.imd.org/wcc/world-competitiveness-center-rankings/world-talent-ranking-2020/ 에서 2020.12.26 자료 얻음.
  56. Kinzie, J. (2012). A new view of student success. In L. Schreiner, M. C. Louis, & D. D. Nelson (Eds.), Thriving in transitions: A research-based approach to college student success. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina, National Resource Center for the First-Year Experience and Students in Transition.
  57. Krumrei-Mancuso, E. J., Newton, F. B., Kim, E., & Wilcox, D. (2013). Psychosocial factors predicting first-year college student success. Journal of College Student Development, 54(3), 247-266. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2013.0034
  58. Kuh, G. D. (1993). In Their Own Words: What Students Learn Outside the Classroom. American Educational Research Journal, 30(2): 277-304. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312030002277
  59. Kuh, G. D., Kinzie, J. L., Buckley, J. A., Bridges, B. K., & Hayek, J. C. (2006). What matters to student success: A review of the literature. https://nces.ed.gov/npec/pdf/kuh_team_report.pdf 에서 2006.7.1 자료 얻음.
  60. Kuh, G. D., Kinzie, J., Cruce, T., Shoup, R., & Gonyea, R. M. (2006). Connecting the dots: Multi-faceted analyses of the relationships between student engagement results from the NSSE, and the institutional practices and conditions that foster student success. https://scholarworks.iu.edu/dspace/handle/2022/23684 에서 2007.01.01 자료 얻음
  61. Locke, E. A. (1996). Motivation through conscious goal setting. Applied and preventive psychology, 5(2), 117-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0962-1849(96)80005-9
  62. Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K. M., & Schkade, D. (2005). Pursuing happiness: The architecture of sustainable change. Review of general psychology, 9(2), 111-131. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.9.2.111
  63. Mullin, C. M. (2012). Student success: Institutional and individual perspectives. Community College Review, 40(2), 126-144. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091552112441501
  64. Nora, A., Cabrera, A., Hagedorn, L. S., & Pascarella, E. (1996). Differential impacts of academic and social experiences on collegere-lated behavioral outcomes across different ethnic and gender groups at four-year institutions. Research in higher education, 37(4), 427-451. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01730109
  65. OECD (2019). Trends Shaping Education 2019. OECD Publishing, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1787/trends_edu-2019-en 에서 2019.01.21 자료 얻음.
  66. OECD (2020). Education at a Glance https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/education-at-a-glance_19991487 에서 2020.12.26 자료 얻음.
  67. OECD (2020). What Students Learn Matters: Towards a 21st Century Curriculum https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/d86d4d9a-en/index.html?itemId=/content/publication/d86d4d9a-en 에서 2020.12.27 자료 얻음.
  68. Oja, M. (2011). Student satisfaction and student performance. Journal of Applied Research in the Community College, 19(1), 47-53.
  69. Pace, C. R. (1979). Measuring Outcomes of College: Fifty Years of Findings and Recommendations for the Future. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  70. Pajares, F. (1996). Self-efficacy beliefs in academic settings. Review of educational research, 66(4), 543-578. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543066004543
  71. Parker, E. T., & Pascarella, E. T. (2013). Effects of diversity experiences on socially responsible leadership Over four years of college. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 6(4), 219-230. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035130
  72. Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (1980). Predicting freshman persistence and voluntary dropout decisions from a theoretical model. The journal of higher education, 51(1), 60-75. https://doi.org/10.2307/1981125
  73. Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (2005). How College Affects Students: A Third Decade of Research. Volume 2. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  74. Perna, L. W., & Thomas, S. L. (2006). A framework for reducing the college success gap and promoting success for all. https://nces.ed.gov/npec/pdf/Perna_Thomas_Report.pdf 에서 2006. 07.01 자료 얻음
  75. Pintrich, P. R., Conley, A. M., & Kempler, T. M. (2003). Current issues in achievement goal theory and research. International Journal of Educational Research, 39(4-5), 319-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2004.06.002
  76. Plant, E. A., Ericsson, K. A., Hill, L., & Asberg, K. (2005). Why study time does not predict grade point average across college students: Implications of deliberate practice for academic performance. Contemporary educational psychology, 30(1), 96-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2004.06.001
  77. Pritchard, M. E., & Wilson, G. S. (2003). Using emotional and social factors to predict student success. Journal of college student development, 44(1), 18-28. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2003.0008
  78. Rendon, L. I. (1995). Facilitating Retention and Transfer for First Generation Students in Community Colleges. Paper presented at the New Mexico Institute: Rural Community College Initiative, Espanola, NM.
  79. Robbins, S. B., Lauver, K., Le, H., Davis, D., Langley, R., & Carlstrom, A. (2004). Do psychosocial and study skill factors predict college outcomes? A meta-analysis. Psychological bulletin, 130(2), 261. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.130.2.261
  80. Roberts, J. E., Kassel, J. D., & Gotlib, I. H. (1995). Level and stability of self-esteem as predictors of depressive symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 19(2), 217-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(95)00049-C
  81. Saka, N., Gati, I., & Kelly, K. R. (2008). Emotional and personality-related aspects of career-decision-making difficulties. Journal of Career Assessment, 16(4), 403-424. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072708318900
  82. Samans, R., Zahidi, S., & Keveloh, K. (2015). Disrupting unemployment: Business-led solutions for action. World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. http://reports.weforum.org/disrupting- unemployment/ 에서 2015.04.01 자료 얻음
  83. Schwab, K. (2016). 클라우스 슈밥의 제4차 산업혁명 (송경진 역). 서울: 메가스터디북스. (원전은 2016년에 출간)
  84. Sedikides, C., & Hepper, E. G. (2009). Self-improvement. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 3(6), 899-917. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2009.00231.x
  85. Sheldon, K. M., & Elliot, A. J. (1999). Goal striving, need satisfaction, and longitudinal well-being: the self-concordance model. Journal of personality and social psychology, 76(3), 482. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.76.3.482
  86. Spangler, P. T., Liu, J., & Hill, C. E. (2012). Consensual qualitative research for simple qualitative data: An Introduction to CQR-M. In C. E. Hill (Ed), Consensual Qualitative Research: A Practical Resource for Investigating Social Science Phenomena (pp. 269-283). Washington, D. C: American Psychological Association.
  87. Tangney, J. P., Baumeister, R. F., & Boone, A. L. (2004). "High self-control predicts good adjustment, less pathology, better grades, and interpersonal success". Journal of Personality 72, 271-322. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00263.x
  88. Times Higher Education magazine (n.d.). World University Rankings 2021. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2021/world-ranking#!/page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats 에서 2021 자료 얻음
  89. Tinto, V. (1993). Leaving College: Rethinking the Causes and Cures of Student Attrition (2nd Edition). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  90. Umbach, P. D., & Wawrzynski, M. R. (2005). Faculty do matter: The role of college faculty in student learning and engagement. Research in Higher education, 46(2), 153-184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-004-1598-1
  91. Uusiautti, S. (2013). On the positive connection between success and happiness. International Journal of Research Studies in Psychology, 3(1).
  92. Venezia, A., Callan, P. M., Finney, J. E., Kirst, M. W., & Usdan, M. D. (2005). The Governance Divide: A Report on a Four-State Study on Improving College Readiness and Success. https://web.stanford.edu/group/siher/ 에서 2005.09.01 자료 얻음.
  93. Weatherton, M., & Schussler, E. E. (2021). Success for All? A Call to Re-examine How Student Success Is Defined in Higher Education. CBE: Life Sciences Education, 20(1), es3. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.20-09-0223
  94. Whiteley, S. (2016). Creating a coherent performance indicator framework for the higher education student lifecycle in Australia. Positioning higher education institutions, 141-160. Leiden: Brill Sense.
  95. Wirth, R. M., & Padilla, R. V. (2008). College student success: A qualitative modeling approach. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 32(9), 688-711. https://doi.org/10.1080/10668920701380942
  96. Wood, L. N., & Breyer, Y. A. (2017). Success in higher education. In Success in higher education. Singapore: Springer.
  97. Yaworski, J., Weber, R. M., & Ibrahim, N. (2000). What makes students succeed or fail?: The voices of developmental college students. Journal of College Reading and Learning, 30(2), 195-221. https://doi.org/10.1080/10790195.2000.10850096
  98. Yazedjian, A., Toews, M. L., Sevin, T., & Purswell, K. E. (2008). "It's a Whole New World": A Qualitative Exploration of College Students' Definitions of and Strategies for College Success. Journal of College Student Development, 49(2), 141-154. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2008.0009
  99. Yen, C. J., & Liu, S. (2009). Learner autonomy as a predictor of course success and final grades in community college online courses. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 41(3), 347-367. https://doi.org/10.2190/EC.41.3.e
  100. York, T. T., Gibson, C., & Rankin, S. (2015). Defining and measuring academic success. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 20(1), 5.