Economic and Environmental Geology (자원환경지질)

The Korean Society of Economic and Environmental Geology (대한자원환경지질학회)
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The Influence of the Characteristics of Drainage Basin on Depositional Processes of the Alluvial Fan: An Example from the Cretaceous Duwon Formation in Goheung Area

유역분지 특성에 따른 충적선상지의 퇴적작용: 고흥군 백악기 두원층의 예

  • Lee, Kyung Jin (Department of Geology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Park, Seung-Ik (Department of Geology, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Lee, Hyojong (Marine and Petroleum Division, Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources) ;
  • Gihm, Yong Sik (Department of Geology, Kyungpook National University)
  • 이경진 (경북대학교 지질학과) ;
  • 박승익 (경북대학교 지질학과) ;
  • 이효종 (한국지질자원연구원 석유해저연구본부) ;
  • 김용식 (경북대학교 지질학과)
  • Received : 2021.07.24
  • Accepted : 2021.08.24
  • Published : 2021.08.31
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Abstract

The Cretaceous Duwon Formation was studied on the basis of sedimentologic analysis in order to unravel geologic conditions for the development of the streamflow-dominated alluvial fan under arid to semi-arid climatic conditions. The Duwon Formation unconformably overlies the Paleoproterozoic gneiss (basement). Based on the sedimentologic analysis, the Duwon Formation is interpreted to have been deposited in gravelly braided stream (FA-1) near the basement, laterally transitional to sandy braided stream (FA-2) and floodplain environments (FA-3) with distance (< 7 km) from the basement. Lateral changes in sedimentary facies and the well development of calcrete nodules in FA-3, together with radial paleocurrent directions measured in FA-1, are suggestive of the deposition of the Duwon Formation in streamflow-dominated alluvial fan under arid to semi-arid climatic conditions. Recent analysis of detrital zircon chronology suggests that sediments of the Duwon Formation were derived from the southwestern part of the Korean peninsula, including the western part of Yeongnam Massif and the southwestern part of Okcheon Belt. This implies the alluvial fan where the Duwon Formation accumulated had the large drainage basin. Because the large drainage basin can supply the significant amounts of water and temporarily store the sediments within the basin, watery floodwater carried sediments to the alluvial fan rather than the debris flows. Furthermore, the drainage basin largely composed of coarse-grained metamorphic and igneous rocks produced sand-grade sediments, preventing evolution of floodwater into debris flows. We suggest that combined effects of the large drainage basin and its coarse-grained metamorphic and igneous rocks provided favorable conditions for the development of streamflow-dominated alluvial fan, despite arid to semi-arid climatic conditions during sedimentation.

건조 또는 아건조한 기후에서 하천류가 우세한 충적선상지의 발달 원인을 알아보기 위해 전라남도 고흥군 일원에 분포하는 백악기 두원층을 대상으로 퇴적학적 연구를 수행하였다. 연구지역의 두원층은 고원생대 편마암으로 구성된 기반암 상부에 부정합으로 분포한다. 퇴적상 분석 결과, 기반암 인근에서 역질 망상하천(퇴적상 조합1)이 발달하였으며, 기반암에서 멀어짐에 따라 7km의 범위에서 사질 망상하천(퇴적상 조합2)과 범람원(퇴적상 조합3)으로 퇴적환경의 변화가 나타난다. 퇴적환경의 측방변화와 범람원의 퇴적층 내 자색 이암에서 관찰되는 석회질 단괴 및 기반암 인근에서 측정한 방사상의 고수류 방향은 두원층이 건조 또는 아건조한 기후에서 형성된 하천류가 우세한 충적선상지에서 퇴적되었음을 지시한다. 최근 두원층에서 수행된 쇄설성 저어콘 절대연령에 관한 연구는 두원층의 기원지가 영남육괴 서부와 옥천변성대 남서부를 포함하는 한반도 남서부임을 지시하며, 이는 충적선상지의 유역분지가 넓었음을 지시한다. 넓은 유역분지는 많은 양의 물을 충적선상지로 공급하고 유역 분지 내부에 퇴적물을 일시적으로 저장함에 따라 쇄설류의 형성을 제한한다. 이와 더불어 주로 조립의 변성암 및 화성암으로 구성된 유역분지는 모래 크기의 퇴적물을 형성하여, 쇄설류 형성에 필요한 점토의 형성을 억제하였다. 따라서 건조 또는 아건조한 기후임에도 불구하고 넓은 유역분지와 유역분지를 주로 구성하는 조립질의 암석은 하천류가 우세한 충적선상지가 발달에 유리한 조건을 제공하였으며, 이로 인해 두원층이 하천류가 우세한 충적선상지에서 퇴적되었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 연구는 한국연구재단(No. 2020R1F1A1070752)과 1:5만 대강리 지질도폭 노사 연구(벌교, 원창 지역)의 지원으로 수행되었다. 이 논문은 두 분의 세심한 검토 의견으로 논문의 논리성과 가독성이 향상되었으며, 이에 감사드린다.

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