Journal of Conservation Science (보존과학회지)

The Korean Society Of Conservation Science For Cultural Heritage (한국문화재보존과학회)
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Removing Contaminants from the Surface of Jagyeongnu of Changgyeonggung Palace, National Treasure No. 229

국보 제229호 창경궁 자격루 누기 표면에 고착된 오염물 제거 방법 연구

  • You, Ha Rim (Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Jo, Ha Nui (Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Lee, Jae Sung (Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Yu, Ji A (Conservation Science Division, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Park, Young Hwan (Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Ryu, Dong Wan (High Heritage Care)
  • 유하림 (국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터) ;
  • 조하늬 (국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터) ;
  • 이재성 (국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터) ;
  • 유지아 (국립문화재연구소 보존과학연구실) ;
  • 박영환 (국립문화재연구소 문화재보존과학센터) ;
  • 유동완 (하이문화재케어)
  • Received : 2020.12.18
  • Accepted : 2021.01.26
  • Published : 2021.04.30
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Abstract

Korea's National Treasure No. 229, the Jagyeongnu (clepsydra) of Changgyeonggung Palace, is a scientific and cultural property representing the pinnacle of science and technology in the Joseon Dynasty. Currently, only the large, mid-sie, and small Pasuhos (bronze jars) remain. During a nearly two-year conservation project by the Cultural Heritage Conservation Science Center (CHCSC) that began in 2018, conservators identified the contaminants on the surface of the water clock's components. It turned out that the contaminants had been caused by the exposure of squalane and silicone oil, used in an earlier preservation treatment, to the elements. The CHCSC conducted experiments to determine the most effective method to remove the contaminants. First, the conservators tried using an organic solvent, a poultice, and the application of toluene and bentonite, which yielded excellent reactivity and significant color difference changes (𝚫E). However, the reactivity was insufficiently effective to warrant the health hazards to the conservators and the environment (toluene is toxic). Although organic solvents required considerably more effort, time, and human resources, the conservators confirmed that their use achieved a true color difference variation (𝚫E) that was within the same range as the toxic hydrocarbon. Thus, they confirmed that using an organic surfactant was the best method for removing the contaminants.

국보 제229호 창경궁 자격루 누기는 조선시대 과학기술의 정점을 보여주는 과학 문화재로서, 현재는 대·중·소 파수호(播水壺)와 수수호(受水壺)만 남아있다. 2018년부터 약 2년 여간 이루어진 자격루 누기의 전면적인 보존처리 과정에서, 표면에 발생한 오염물을 동정하고 이를 제거하기 위한 실험을 실시하였다. 표면 오염물은 이전 보존처리와 조사 과정에서 사용된 스쿠알란(squalane)과 실리콘 오일(silicone oil)이 환경 요인에 노출되어 발생한 오염물로 확인되었다. 이에 따라 우선적으로 고려할 사항을 설정하여 실험을 진행하였으며, 이를 통해 오염물을 효과적으로 제거할 수 있는 방법을 알아보았다. 우선 유기용제와 습포제를 이용한 실험에서는 톨루엔과 벤토나이트를 적용했을 때 가장 큰 색차 변화폭(𝚫E)을 나타내는 등 뛰어난 반응성이 확인되었다. 그러나 이에 수반되는 유기용제의 유해성과 습포제로 인한 2차 오염 발생 가능성 또한 확인할 수 있었다. 한편 보존처리자의 안전과 작업 환경 및 작업 용이성을 우선적으로 고려한 실험에서는 유기용제에 비해 반응성이 미비하고 비교적 많은 시간과 인력이 요구되었으나, 회차가 거듭될수록 색차 변화폭(𝚫E)의 정도가 유기용제 실험 결과와 동일한 범주 내까지 도달하는 것을 확인하였다. 특히 계면활성제를 활용한 방법이 오염물 제거에 가장 효과적인 것으로 확인되었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 논문은 문화재청 국립문화재연구소 문화유산 조사 연구(R&D) 「무기질 문화재 보존처리 및 조사」 연구과제의 일환으로 이루어졌다.

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