Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
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The Effect of Ownership Structure on IPO Success: Empirical Evidence from Non-listed Firm

비상장기업의 소유구조가 IPO 성공에 미치는 영향

  • Kim, Sowon (Investment Team, Mira Partners) ;
  • Cho, Shin (Graduate School of Information, Yonsei University) ;
  • Jo, Jeehyung (Graduate School of Information, Yonsei University)
  • 김소원 ((주)미라파트너스 투자팀) ;
  • 조신 (연세대학교 정보대학원) ;
  • 조지형 (연세대학교 정보대학원)
  • Received : 2021.05.10
  • Accepted : 2021.06.23
  • Published : 2021.06.30
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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of the ownership structure of unlisted firms on KOSDAQ listing. There are few studies analyzing the characteristics of listing success based on ownership structure. For startup executives, there is not enough data to refer to the ownership structure that can increase the possibility of listing. This paper examines the effects of ownership structure on IPO success through comparison between listed successful and failed companies among the companies in application for KOSDAQ listing eligibility review. The major findings are as follows; (1) Venture capital investment and shareholding have a statistically positive effect on the success of KOSDAQ listing. This results indicate that the venture capital's investment alleviate the problem of information asymmetry, and it is a valid signal for market participants. The result means the role of venture capital seems to be important when companies are listed on the KOSDAQ. (2) The largest shareholder's stake has an inverted-U shape relationship with listing success. In other words, the ownership concentration mitigates moral hazard problem, which leads to listing success. However, if the ownership concentration exceeds a certain level, the chances of success in listing will decrease due to concerns over the pursuit of private interests. The result suggests that the largest shareholder's stake reduce agency problem. This study academically contributes to the existing literature by demonstrating the ownership structure affects IPOs, and explaining the results based on agent theory and signal theory. Our results provide practical implications for companies preparing for an IPO on the KOSDAQ.

이 연구의 목적은 비상장기업의 소유구조가 코스닥 상장에 미치는 영향을 살펴보는 것이다. 소유구조를 중심으로 상장 성공의 특성을 분석한 선행연구가 거의 없어 상장을 목표로 스타트업을 성장시키는 경영진들이 창업 초기부터 상장의 가능성을 높일 수 있는 소유구조를 갖추어 가는데 참고할 만한 자료가 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 코스닥 시장에 상장 예비 심사 청구 기업 중 상장(IPO) 성공기업과 실패기업 대상비교를 통해, 선행연구에서 충분히 고려하지 않았던 기업의 소유구조가 상장 성공에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1)벤처캐피탈의 투자 및 지분율은 코스닥 상장 성공에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 이는 벤처캐피탈의 투자가 정보 비대칭 문제를 완화하며, 벤처캐피탈의 투자는 시장참여자에게 유의한 신호가 된다는 것을 뜻한다. 이러한 결과는 벤처캐피탈이 코스닥 시장에 상장하려는 기업에게 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 보여준다. (2)최대주주 지분율과 기업의 상장 성공 간에는 약한 역U자 관계가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 최대주주 지분율이 증가함에 따라 도덕적 해이가 완화되어 상장 성공 가능성이 높아진다. 그러나 최대주주지분율이 일정 수준보다 높아지면, 최대주주의 사익추구에 대한 우려로 상장 성공 가능성이 낮아진다. 이러한 비선형 관계는 기존 실증연구와 일치하는 결과로, 최대주주의 주식 소유가 대리인 비용을 줄이는데 기여한다는 것을 의미한다. 이 연구는 신호이론과 대리인 이론을 활용하여 기업의 소유구조가 상장 성공에 미치는 영향을 분석함으로써 학문적으로 기여하였다. 본 연구 결과는 기업공개를 준비하는 기업에 실무적 시사점을 제공하고 있다.

Keywords

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