DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of vinegar using black raspberry pomace

복분자 착즙박을 이용한 식초의 이화학적 특성 및 항산화 활성

  • 류은혜 ((재)베리&바이오식품연구소) ;
  • 채규서 (고창군 농업기술센터) ;
  • 김성웅 ((재)베리&바이오식품연구소) ;
  • 김용석 (전북대학교 농업생명과학대학 식품공학과) ;
  • 김기덕 (고창군청 농어촌식품과) ;
  • 권지웅 ((재)베리&바이오식품연구소)
  • Received : 2020.10.26
  • Accepted : 2021.01.22
  • Published : 2021.02.28

Abstract

In this study, vinegar was prepared using black raspberry pomace to increase its utilization capacity. As a result of alcohol fermentation, the final alcohol content was 8.90% and the sugar content was 7.03°Brix. The total acid content after acetic acid fermentation was 4.44%, which was 0.38% higher than that of the juice. Among the organic acid content, the acetic acid content was higher in the pomace than in the juice. The total polyphenol (51.58 TAE mg/mL), total flavonoid (9.55 RUE mg/mL), and total anthocyanin (6.05 CYE mg/mL) contents of vinegar produced using black raspberry residue were higher than those of the juice. In addition, 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, reducing power, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) activity were higher than those of the juice, indicating strong antioxidant properties. Thus, black raspberry pomace has excellent acetic acid fermentation ability and high antioxidant activity, indicating that it can be used as a functional fermented vinegar.

본 연구에서는 복분자 가공 후 버려지는 부산물의 활용성을 높이기 위하여 착즙박의 발효를 통해 식초를 제조한 후, 전통 발효식초의 소재로서의 이용 가능성을 살펴보고자 발효 특성 및 항산화 활성을 포함한 이화학적 특성을 분석하였다. 알코올 발효 후 이화학적 특성 분석 결과, 총 산도와 알코올 함량은 착즙액보다 착즙박에서 각각 0.49, 1.32% 만큼 낮게 나타났으며, 초산발효 후에는 알코올 함량과 당도가 착즙액에서 각각 0.72, 0.6 °Brix만큼 높게 나타났다. 착즙박에서 pH는 0.32 낮았고 총 산도가 0.38% 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과에 비추어 볼 때 착즙박 또한 원활한 발효가 진행됨이 확인되었다. 유기산 분석 결과 착즙박에서는 acetic acid가 착즙액에서는 citric acid가 더 높게 나타났다. 복분자 착즙박을 이용한 식초의 총 폴리페놀, 총 플라보노이드, 총 안토시아닌 함량을 측정한 결과 각각 51.58 TAE mg/mL, 9.55 RUE mg/mL, 6.05 CYE mg/mL로 대조구인 복분자 착즙액 식초보다 높은 함량을 보였다. 복분자 착즙박 식초의 산화 방지 활성측정을 위해 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거능의 IC50 값을 측정한 결과 각각 10.23, 18.30 µL/mL로 착즙액 식초보다 높은 활성을 나타내었으며, 환원력 및 FRAP 또한 착즙박을 이용한 식초에서 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 종합해볼 때 복분자 가공 부산물로 버려지는 착즙박은 초산발효 결과가 우수하고, 높은 산화 방지 활성을 나타내어 기능성 발효식초로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Arts MJTJ, Haenen GRMM, Voss HP, Bast A. Antioxidant capacity of reaction products limits the applicability of the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay. Food Chem. Toxicol. 42: 45-49 (2004) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2003.08.004
  2. Bai SK. Natural dyeing of silk fabric dyed with Rubus coreanus Miquel extract. J Kor Soc Cloth Ind 8: 476-480 (2006)
  3. Blois MS. Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical. Nature. 181: 1199-1200 (1958) https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0
  4. Chang CC, Yang MH, Wen HM, Chern JC. Estimation of total flavonoid content in propolis by two complementary colorimetric methods. J. Food Drug Anal. 10: 178-182 (2002)
  5. Choi, JS, Park JH, Kim HG, Young HS, Mun SI. Screening for antioxidant activity of plants and marine algae and its active principles from Prunus daviana. Kor. J. Pharmacogn. 24: 299-303 (1993)
  6. Eu GS, Chung BY, Bandopadhyay R, Yoo NH, Choi DG, Yun SJ. Phylogenic relationships of Rubus species revealed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA markers. J. Crop Sci. Biotech. 11: 39-44 (2008)
  7. Fine AM. Oligomeric proanthocyanidin complexs: history, structure, and phytopharmaceutical applications. Altern Med Rev. 5: 114-151 (2000)
  8. Gil BI. Physicochemical characteristics of brown rice vinegars produced by traditional and industrial manufacturing method. J. Nat. Sci. 11: 1-7 (2004)
  9. Hong SM, Moon HS, Lee JH, Lee HI, Jeong JH, Lee MK, Seo KI. Development of functional vinegar by using cucumbers. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. (2012)
  10. Jeong YJ, Seo JH. Conditions for Pigment Extraction from Bokbunja (Rubus coreanus Miquel) Byproducts. Korean J. Food Preserv. 16: 400-404 (2009)
  11. Jung KI, Ha NY, Choi YJ. Functional properties of muskmelon vinegars manufactured with traditional fermentation methods. J. Life Sci. 29: 345-353 (2019) https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2019.29.3.345
  12. KFDA. Korean Food and Drug Administration. Korea Health Supplements Food Standard Codex. Korea. p. 529 (2012)
  13. Kim EJ, Baek SY, Li FY, Choi HJ, Kim MR. Physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activites of 'Eteum' Doraji Jungkwa substituted sucrose with oligosaccharides. Korean J. Food Cookery Sci. 33: 625-635 (2017a) https://doi.org/10.9724/kfcs.2017.33.6.625
  14. Kim YD, Ha KY, Lee KB, Shin HT, Cho SY. Varietal variation of anthocyanin content and physicochemical properties in colored rice. J. Korean Breed. 30: 305-308 (1998)
  15. Kim KO, Kim SM, Kim SM, Kim DY, Jo DJ, Yeo SH, Jeong YJ, Kwon JH. Physicochemical properties of commercial fruit vinegars with different fermentation methods. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 42: 736-742 (2013) https://doi.org/10.3746/JKFN.2013.42.5.736
  16. Kim DW, Kim DH, Kim JK, Yeo SH, Choi HS, Kim YH, Kim MK. Comparison of volatile compounds in Maclura tricuspidata fruit vinegar and commercial vinegars. Korean J. Food Preserv. 27: 85-97 (2020) https://doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2020.27.1.85
  17. Kim BM, Lee KM, Jung IC. Changes in anthocyanin content of aronia (Aronia melancocarpa) by processing conditions. Korean J. Plant Res. 30: 152-159 (2017b) https://doi.org/10.7732/kjpr.2017.30.2.152
  18. Kim SW, Park JH, Jun HK. Analysis of optimum conditon for production of an onionic vinegar by two-step fermentations. J Life Sci. 18: 1410-1414 (2008) https://doi.org/10.5352/JLS.2008.18.10.1410
  19. Lee SJ, Gim SW, Choi HR, shin DK, Chung YH, Jang HS, Park HC, Kwon GT. Development of k-berkshire exclusive feed additive using black raspberry by-product. J. Agric & Life Sci. 53: 87-99 (2019) https://doi.org/10.14397/jals.2019.53.6.87
  20. Lee JC, Han WC, Le JH, Jang KH. Quality evaluation of vinegar manufactured using rice and Rosa rugosa Thunb. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 44: 202-206 (2012) https://doi.org/10.9721/KJFST.2012.44.2.202
  21. Lee JE, Shin YS, Sim JK, Kim SS, Koh KH. Study on the color characteristics of korean red wine. Korean J. Food Sci. Technol. 34: 164-169 (2002)
  22. Lee SG, Yu MH, Lee SP, Lee IS. Antioxidant activities and induction of apoptosis by methanol extracts from avocado. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 37: 269-275 (2008) https://doi.org/10.3746/JKFN.2008.37.3.269
  23. MAFRA. Ministry of Agriculture. food and Rural Affairs. Current status of fruits processing in 2018. Korea. p. 10 (2019)
  24. MFDS. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Korean Food Standards Codex. Korea. pp. 166-167 (2007)
  25. Oh HH, Jang SW, Jun HI, Jeong DY, Kim YS, Song GS. Production of concentrated blueberry vinegar using blueberry juice and its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 46: 695-702 (2017) https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2017.46.6.695
  26. Oyaizu M. Studies on products of browning reaction-: antioxidative activity of products of browning reaction. Jpn. J. Nutr. 44: 307-315 (1986) https://doi.org/10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.44.307
  27. Park SY, Chae KS, Son RH, Jung JH, Im YR, Kwon JW. Quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of bokbunja (black raspberry) vinegars. Food Eng. Prog. 16: 340-346 (2012)
  28. Park YK, Cho SH, Kim SH, Jang YS, Han JG, Chung HG. Functional composition and antioxidant activity from the fruits of Rubus coreanus according to cultivars. Mokchae Konghak. 36: 102-109 (2008)
  29. Rice-Evans CA, Miller NJ, Paganga G. Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Free Radical Bio. Med. 20: 933-956 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-5849(95)02227-9
  30. Ryu SN, Han SJ, Park SZ, Kim HY. Antioxidative and varietal difference of cyanidin-3-glucoside and pelagonidin-3-glucoside contents in pigmented rice. Korean J. Crop. Sci. 45: 257-260 (2000)
  31. Seeram NP, Adams LS, Zhang Y, Lee R, Sand D, Scheuller HS, Heber D. Blackberry, black raspberry, blueberry, cranberry, red raspberry and strawberry extracts inhibit growth and stimulated apoptosis of human cancer cells in vitro. J. Agric. Food Chem. 54: 9329-9339 (2006) https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061750g
  32. Shin D, Chae KS, Choi HR, Lee SJ, Gim SW, Kwon GT, Lee HT, Song YC, Kim KJ, Kong HS, Kwon JW. Bioactive and pharmacokinetic characteristics of pre-matured black raspberry, Rubus occidentalis. Ital. J. Food Sci. 30: 428-439 (2018)
  33. Tsuta T, Shiga K, Ohshima K, Kawakishi S, Osawa T. Inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the active Oxygen radical Scavenging effect of anthocyanin pigments isolated from Phaseolus vulgaris L. Biochem. Pharmacol. 52: 1033-1039 (1996) https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(96)00421-2
  34. Wang SY, Lin HS. Antioxidant activity in fruits and leaves of blackberry, raspberry, and strawberry varies with cultivar and developmental stage. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48: 140-146 (2000) https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9908345
  35. Yoshino M, Murakami K. Interaction of iron with polyphenolic compounds: application to antioxidant characterization. Anal Biochem. 257: 40-44 (1998) https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1997.2522