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관광경험과 학습의 관계: 활동이론적 접근

Tourism Experience and Learning: Approach of the Activity Theory

  • 전주형 (청운대학교 관광경영학과)
  • 투고 : 2021.01.18
  • 심사 : 2021.02.20
  • 발행 : 2021.02.28

초록

관광자는 타지역을 이동하면서 자신의 생각과 충돌하는 수많은 사실과 만난다. 이때 새로운 것을 알게 되고 삶에 대처하는 자신의 견해를 바꾼다. 이런 면에서 관광은 현장 적응적인 학습 방법의 하나다. 이 연구에서는 활동이론을 적용하여 관광지에서 겪는 경험과 학습의 관계를 분석했다. 활동이론의 분석단위는 관광활동의 주체, 목표, 공동체, 역할, 방법과 규칙, 성과물, 공동체와 관련성으로 설정하였다. 이를 바탕으로 관광경험에 큰 영향을 미치는 해설사·안내자와 심층면접을 진행하여 관광자의 학습과정을 분석했다. 분석결과 관광하는 동안에 일어나는 경험은 해설사·안내자의 해설과 안내의 활동체계 단위는 물론이고 단위 안에서 다양한 형태의 상호작용에 의해서 일어나고 있었다. 이 상호작용이 관광경험 활동체계의 변화를 유도하여 관광자의 학습을 가능하게 만든다. 학습 내용은 안내자와 해설사의 역할이 커질수록 학습 가치도 올라간다는 점, 관광경험이 사회적·문화적 차원의 학습 효과에 포함된다는 점, 활동체계 내 혹은 활동체계 간에는 상호작용하면서 이때 발생되는 모순의 해결과정을 관광자가 스스로 찾는다는 점, 관광경험은 고립된 단위가 아니라 계층 구조와 네트워크 교차점에 존재하기 때문에 공동체의 활동과 환경에 의하여 영향을 받는다는 점 등이다.

As tourists travel to other regions, they encounter numerous facts that conflict with their views. At that time, we change our view of coping with life. In this respect, tourism is a new way of learning. As a new learning method, tourism experience research is a new approach. In this study, the relationship between experience and learning experienced in tourist destinations was analyzed by applying the activity theory. The analysis units applied in the activity theory were set as subjects, goals, communities, roles, methods and rules, outcomes, and relevance to local communities. Based on this, in-depth interviews were conducted with commentators and guides who had a great influence on the tourism experience to analyze the learning process of tourists. As a result of the analysis, the experiences of tourists during the tour were interactive in various forms within the unit as well as the unit of the activity system of the commentator and guide. This interaction induces changes in the tourism experience activity system, enabling tourists to learn. The content is that the value of learning increases as the role of guide and commentator increases, that the social and cultural dimension of tourism experience is included in the learning effect, and the contradictions that arise from interactions within or between activity systems. The fact that they find the solution process themselves, and that tourism activity is not an isolated unit, but exists at the intersection of hierarchies and networks, is affected by the activities and environments of others.

키워드

과제정보

This work was supported by Chungwoon University in 2020.

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