한국경제지리학회지 (Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea)

  • 제24권4호
  • /
  • Pages.446-462
  • /
  • 2021
  • /
  • 1226-8968(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2713-9115(eISSN)
한국경제지리학회 (The Economic Geographical Society of Korea)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

포스트 브렉시트 시대의 영국 지역발전정책에 대한 비판적 검토와 함의

A Critical Review of the UK's Regional Development Policies in the Post-Brexit Era and its Implication

  • 전봉경 (국토연구원 국토계획.지역연구본부)
  • Jeon, Bong-Kyung (National Territorial Planning & Regional Research Division, Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements)
  • 투고 : 2021.11.17
  • 심사 : 2021.12.23
  • 발행 : 2021.12.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

본 논문은 브렉시트의 동인 중 하나로 여겨지는 영국의 오랜 지역 격차와 사회분열에 대해 살펴보고, 브렉시트 이후 변화된 영국의 지역발전정책 현황 등을 검토하는 데 그 목적을 둔다. 1970년대 후반 신자유주의적 세계화 속에 영국 정부의 공기업 민영화와 금융개혁 등과 같은 전략적 정책 선택이 지역 격차에 미치는 과정을 고찰함으로써, 현재 영국과 비슷한 수도권 과밀화, 지역 격차, 분권화 등의 문제를 안고 있는 우리에게 주는 정책적 시사점을 알아본다. 또한, 유럽연합 탈퇴 이후 영국의 자구적 지역발전기금, 지역발전정책, 그리고 거버넌스 변화 등을 살피고 주요 논쟁들에 대해 정리하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구는 지역 간 격차가 심화하는 한국 사회에 영국 사례가 주는 교훈을 바탕으로 사회적 합의를 통한 지역 격차 완화 정책의 당위성 제시와 수도권과 비교하여 비수도권 지역의 공정한 공간환경을 위한 정책 수립 필요성을 제시하였다.

The aim of this paper is to examine the long-standing regional disparities and social division in the UK which are considered one of the crucial facts of Brexit. Since Brexit, also, the changed regional development policies are reviewed. Regarding policy perspective, we delve into the process of the UK government's strategic policy choices, such as privatisation of public enterprises and financial reform, amid the neoliberal globalisation in the late 1970s, drawing its implication to us having similar problems. Besides, the UK's self-sustaining regional development fund, policy, and changed governance are dissected with several ongoing debates. Finally, this study asserts the necessity of the social consensus of regional disparity policies and the establishment of the spatial environment particularly in regions left behind, giving the quality and equity of life.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. 강원택, 2003, "영국의 신자유주의 개혁과 중앙-지방 관계의 변화," 국제정치논총 43(3), pp.385-401.
  2. 경제.인문사회연구회, 2020, 새로운 시대 균형발전 전략 및 실행과제. 세종: 경제.인문사회연구회.
  3. 경향신문, 2021, [절반의 한국①] '팽창 가속' 수도권 '소멸직전' 지방, 두 번째 분단, https://www.khan.co.kr/print.html?art_id=202110060600015 (최종열람일: 2021년 10월 22일)
  4. 김동완, 2009, "1960년대 광주 지방의 지역개발담론과 아래로부터 지역주의," 정신문화연구 32(4), pp.247-279.
  5. 김영세, 2007, "영국 대처(Thatcher) 정부의 경제정책과 함의," 유럽연구 25(3), pp.213-235. https://doi.org/10.17052/JCES.2007.25.3.213
  6. 박광수, 2017, "브렉시트이후 영국과 EU의 경제적 환경변화," 유럽연구 35(1), pp.191-213. https://doi.org/10.17052/JCES.2017.35.1.191
  7. 박배균, 2012, "한국 지역균형정책에 대한 국가공간론적 해석," 기억과 전망 27, pp.81-130.
  8. 박상현, 2017, "브렉시트와 유럽통합의 미래," 경제와 사회 115, pp.145-182.
  9. 방청록, 2017, "브렉시트 결정의 유럽의 통합과 분열에 대한 영향 연구," 유럽연구 35(1), pp.59-96. https://doi.org/10.17052/JCES.2017.35.1.59
  10. 이종서, 2020, "브렉시트(Brexit) 이후 EU 결속정책의 변화 필요성에 관한 연구," 통합유럽연구 11(3), pp.147-190.
  11. 조지프 스티글리츠, 2013, 불평등의 대가(분열된 사회는 왜 위험한가), 서울: 열린책들.
  12. Bachtler, J., 2004, Regional disparities in the United Kingdom, In: Karl, Helmut Rollet, Philippe (Ed.): Employment and regional development policy: Market efficiency versus policy intervention, ISBN 3-88838-231-9, Verlag der ARL - Akademie fur Raumforschung und Landesplanung, Hannover, pp.36-49.
  13. Baker, C., 2018, City & Town Classification of Constituencies & Local Authorities, House of Commons Library Research Briefing, 21 June. London: House of Commons Library.
  14. BBC, 2019, General election 2019: A really simple guide, 6 December, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-49826655 (최종열람일: 2021년 9월 9일)
  15. BBC, 2021, What is levelling up and how is it going?, 11 May, https://www.bbc.com/news/56238260 (최종열람일: 2021년 10월 5일)
  16. Billing, C., McCann, P., and Ortega-Argiles, R., 2019, "Interregional inequalities and UK sub-national governance responses to Brexit," Regional Studies, 53(5), pp.741-760. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2018.1554246
  17. Billing, C., McCann, P., Ortega-Argiles, R., and Sevinc, D., 2021, "UK analysts' and policy-makers' perspectives on Brexit: challenges, priorities and opportunities for subnational areas," Regional Studies, 55(9), pp.1571-1582. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2020.1826039
  18. Brien, P., 2020, EU funding in the UK. House of Commons Library Briefing Paper, Number 7847, 11 September. London: House of Commons Library.
  19. Centre for Cities, 2021, So you want to level up?, https://www.centreforcities.org/levelling-up/#meaning (최종열람일: 2021년 8월 12일)
  20. Dicken, P., 2011, Global shift: Mapping the changing contours of the world economy. 6th ed, SAGE Publications Ltd, London.
  21. Dijkstra, L., Poelman, H., and Rodriguez-Pose, A., 2020, "The geography of EU discontent," Regional Studies, 54(6), pp.737-753. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2019.1654603
  22. George, S., 1998, An Awkward Partner: Britain in the European Community. 3rd ed, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  23. Giordano, B., 2021, "Post-Brexit regional economic development policy in the UK? Some enduring lessons from European Union Cohesion Policy," European Urban and Regional Studies, 28(1), pp.26-33. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776420970624
  24. Goodhart, D., 2017, The road to somewhere: The populist revolt and the future of politics, Oxford University Press.
  25. Hambleton, R., 2017, "The super-centralisation of the English state-Why we need to move beyond the devolution deception," Local Economy, 32(1), pp.3-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269094216686296
  26. Harari, D., Hutton, G., Keep, M., Powell, A., Sandford, M., and Ward, M. 2021, The Levelling Up Agenda. House of Commons Library Debate Pack, Number CDP 2021/0086, 11 June. London: House of Commons Library.
  27. Hirsch, D. and Stone, J., 2020, Local indicators of child poverty after housing costs, 2018/19. Summary of estimates of child poverty after housing costs in local authorities and parliamentary constituencies, 2014/15 - 2018/19, Loughborough: Loughborough University. https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/report/Local_indicators_of_child_poverty_after_housing_costs_2018_19_Summary_of_estimates_of_child_poverty_after_housing_costs_in_local_authorities_and_parliamentary_constituencies_2014_15_2018_19/13169510 (최종열람일: 2021년 9월 15일)
  28. HM Government, 2017, Industrial Strategy: Building a Britain fit for the future. Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/industrial-strategy-building-a-britainfit-for-the-future (최종열람일: 2021년 9월 15일)
  29. HM Government, 2019, Boris Johnson's first speech as Prime Minister: 24 July 2019, https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/boris-johnsons-first-speech-as-primeminister-24-july-2019 (최종열람일: 2021년 9월 19일)
  30. HM Government, 2021, Ambitious plans to drive levelling up agenda, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ambitiousplans-to-drive-levelling-up-agenda (최종열람일: 2021년 10월 15일)
  31. HM Treasury, 2021a, Build Back Better: our plan for growth https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/buildback-better-our-plan-for-growth (최종열람일: 2021년 10월 20일)
  32. HM Treasury, 2021b, Levelling Up Fund: Prospectus, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/levellingup-fund-prospectus (최종열람일: 2021년 9월 21일 검색)
  33. Hobolt, S.B., 2016, "The Brexit vote: a divided nation, a divided continent," European Public Policy, 23(9), pp.1259-1277. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2016.1225785
  34. Hudson, R., 2021, "Life post-Brexit in the divided realm". European Urban and Regional Studies, 28(1), pp.14-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776420965639
  35. Hudson, R., and Williams, A. M., 1996, Divided Britain. 2nd ed. Chichester, Wiley.
  36. Institute for Government, 2021(a), The UK Shared Prosperity Fund. https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/publications/shared-prosperity-fund (최종열람일: 2021년 10월 12일)
  37. Institute for Government, 2021(b), Levelling up: Five questions about what the government means by the phrase, https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/publications/levelling-up (최종열람일: 2021년 10월 12일 검색)
  38. Jessop, B., 1990, State theory: Putting the capitalist state in its place, Cambridge: Polity Press.
  39. Jewell, H. M., 1994, The north-south divide: The origins of northern consciousness in England, Manchester University Press.
  40. Lagana, G., 2021, "Has the European Union empowered the regions? A pre-and post-Brexit preliminary investigation of the United Kingdom," European Urban and Regional Studies, 28(1), pp.34-39. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776420972159
  41. MacKinnon, D., 2017, "Regional inequality, regional policy and progressive regionalism," Soundings, 65(65), pp.141-159.
  42. Martin, R., 1988, "The political economy of Britain's northsouth divide," Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 13(4), pp.389-418. https://doi.org/10.2307/622738
  43. Mazzucato, M., 2013, The entrepreneurial state: debunking public vs private sector myths, London: Anthem Press.
  44. McCann, P. 2016, The UK regional-national economic problem: Geography, globalisation and governance, Oxfordshire: Routledge
  45. McCann, P. 2019, "Perceptions of regional inequality and the geography of discontent: Insights from the UK," Regional Studies, 54(2), pp.256-267. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2019.1619928
  46. McCann, P., Ortega-Argiles, R., Sevinc, D., and Cepeda-Zorrilla, M., 2021, "Rebalancing UK regional and industrial policy post-Brexit and post-Covid-19: lessons learned and priorities for the future," Regional Studies, pp.1-13.
  47. Nuffield Foundation, 2021, Changing patterns of poverty in early childhood, 14 September, https://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/publications/changing-patterns-of-povertyin-early-childhood (최종열람일: 2021년 9월 29일)
  48. Office for National Statistics, 2021, Life expectancy for local areas of the UK: between 2001 to 2003 and 2018 to 2020, https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/healthandlifeexpectancies/bulletins/lifeexpectancyforlocalareasoftheuk/between2001to2003and2018to2020(최종열람일: 2021년 9월 21일)
  49. Sandford, M., 2017, "Signing up to devolution: The prevalence of contract over governance in English devolution policy," Regional & Federal Studies, 27(1), pp.63-82. https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2016.1254625
  50. Schneider, C. and Cottineau, C. 2019., "Decentralisation versus territorial inequality: A comparative review of English city region policy discourse," Urban Science, 3(3), pp.90. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci3030090
  51. Shipman, T. 2016, All out war: the full story of how Brexit sank Britain's political class, London: William Collins.
  52. Spilanis, I., Kizos, T., and Giordano, B, 2016, "The effectiveness of European Regional Development Fund projects in Greece: Views from planners, management staff and beneficiaries," European Urban and Regional Studies, 23(2), pp.182-197. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969776413498761
  53. The Economist, 2020, Why Britain is more geographically unequal than any other rich country, 1 August, https://www.economist.com/britain/2020/07/30/why-britain-is-more-geographically-unequal-than-anyother-rich-country (최종열람일: 2021년 9월 20일)
  54. The Equality Trust, 2021, How has inequality changed?, https://equalitytrust.org.uk/about-inequality/scale-and-trends (최종열람일: 2021년 10월 12일)
  55. The Guardian, 2021, The cost of Boris Johnson's 'levelling up': £2tn, says UK thinktank, 15 Aug, https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2021/aug/15/the-cost-of-borisjohnsons-levelling-up-2tn-says-uk-thinktank (최종열람일: 2021년 10월 21일)
  56. Tomaney, J., and Pike, A., 2021, "Levelling Up: A Progress Report," Political Insight, 12(2), pp.22-25. https://doi.org/10.1177/20419058211022935
  57. Torrance, D, 2019, Introduction to devolution in the UK. House of Commons Library Research Briefing, Number CBP 8599, 19 June. London: House of Commons Library.
  58. UK2070 Commission, 2020, Go Big - Go Local: The UK2070 Report on a New Deal for Levelling Up the United Kingdom, http://uk2070.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Go-Big-Go-Local.pdf (최종열람일: 2021년 8월 12일)
  59. https://www.ons.gov.uk/visualisations/dvc1370/ (2021년 9월 9일 검색)
  60. https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/news/nr/uk-higher-regional-inequality-large-wealthy-country-1.862262 (2021년 9월 9일 검색)
  61. https://www.conservatives.com/our-plan (2021년 9월 18일 검색)