Maritime Security (해양안보)

Korea Institute for Maritime Strategy (한국해양전략연구소)
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Counter-Piracy Cooperation to Strengthen New Southern Policy's "Peace": An Analysis of ROK and ASEAN's Counter-Piracy Practices

신남방정책의 "평화"를 강화하기 위한 해적행위 대응 협력: 한국과 아세안의 해적행위 대응 관행 분석

  • Received : 2021.09.30
  • Accepted : 2021.11.23
  • Published : 2021.12.30
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Abstract

The growing U.S.-China rivalry has placed the countries of Southeast Asia in exceedingly precarious positions. The Republic of Korea (ROK) likewise has been tasked with the challenge of "navigating the waters" between deepening geopolitical divides. It is in this context that the "New Southern Policy" (hereafter NSP) has become a key word in Korea's foreign policy circles. Through NSP, ROK aims to diversify its economic and security interests by strengthening ties with its southern partners, focusing on three key areas (termed as the "3 Ps"): People, Prosperity, and Peace. At the same time, the NSP seeks cooperation with other key diplomatic agendas such as the U.S.'s "Free and Open Indo-Pacific," rendering it crucial for the overall stability of the region. Considering such strategic significance, deeper analysis of the policy is more timely than ever. A brief assessment of the policy's outcome so far, however, reveals that relatively, the "Peace" pillar has been insufficient in achieving satisfactory outcomes. Here, this paper asks the question of: 1) How can the "Peace" pillar of South Korea's New Southern Policy be strengthened? Based on an analysis on the causes of the "Peace" pillar's weakness, this paper identifies counter-piracy cooperation as a solution. This paper then proceeds to answer the next question of: 2) How can ROK and ASEAN cooperate on counter-piracy, and how can these efforts be integrated into ROK's NSP? To answer the above question, this paper conducts in-depth case studies on ASEAN's and ROK's approaches to counter-piracy and identifies specific mechanisms of cooperation. In Chapter I, the paper begins with an overview of the NSP's strategic significance and an evaluation of its "Peace" pillar. Chapter II conducts a literature review on the causes of, and prescriptions for, the weakness of the "Peace" pillar. The paper then justifies why counter-piracy may be a solution. Chapter III examines ASEAN's and ROK's approaches to counter-piracy. By analyzing the general framework and each region's cases, the paper displays the strengths and weaknesses of each region's piracy responses. Based on this analysis, Chapter IV suggests ways to incorporate counter-piracy cooperation into the "Peace" pillar of the NSP. This research bears significance in that it identifies a specific area of cooperation (counter-piracy) to strengthen the "Peace" pillar of ROK's NSP. Such identification is based on a comprehensive study into the two parties' past and current experience in counter-piracy, making it contextual in nature. Furthermore, the study suggests practical mechanisms of cooperation, and considers ways of incorporation into the existing framework of NSP. This approach differs from existing literature that failed to generate case-specific, policy-oriented solutions. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated piracy issues and deepened geopolitical divides. Turbulent seas such as these call for careful navigation. When it comes to promoting "peace," the key lies in combating the pirates that sail those very waters.

미중 경쟁의 격화로 동남아 국가들의 입장이 매우 위태로워졌다. 한국도 지정학적 대결 구도가 심화되는 가운데 "물길을 헤쳐나가야 하는(navigating the water)" 도전과제에 직면해 있다. 바로 이러한 맥락 속에서, "신남방정책"(이하 NSP)이 한국 외교정책 부문의 핵심어가 되었다. 한국은 NSP를 통해 남방 파트너들과의 유대를 강화함으로써 경제 및 안보 이해관계를 다각화하고자 한다. 이를 위해 3대 주요 영역(3P), 즉 사람(People), 번영 (Prosperity), 평화(Peace)에 초점을 맞춘다. 동시에 NSP는 미국의 "자유롭고 열린 인도태평양(Free and Open Indo-Pacific)" [전략] 같은 다른 주요 외교 의제들과의 협력 역시 모색하며, 이러한 점에서 NSP는 이 지역의 전체적인 안정성에 있어 매우 중요하다. NSP가 갖는 이러한 전략적 중요성을 고려할 때, 이 정책에 대한 심층 분석은 과거 어느 때보다 더 시기적절하다. 하지만 이 정책의 현재까지 결과를 간략히 평가한 결과, "평화" 축은 만족스러운 결과를 달성하는 데 불충분했던 것으로 드러났다. 여기서 본 논문은 다음의 질문을 제기하고자 한다. 1) 한국 신남방정책의 "평화" 축을 강화하는 방법은? "평화" 축이 약했던 원인에 대한 분석을 기초로 본 논문은 해적행위 대응에 관한 협력을 해법으로 식별한다. 더 나아가 본 논문은 다음의 질문에 대한 답을 구하고자 한다. 2) 한국과 아세안이 해적행위 대응에서 협력하는 방법은? 이러한 노력들을 한국의 NSP에 통합하는 방법은? 본 논문은 상기 질문에 답하기 위해, 아세안 및 한국의 해적행위 대응 접근법에 관한 심층적인 사례연구를 수행하여 구체적인 협력 메커니즘을 식별한다. I장에서는 NSP의 전략적 중요성을 개관하고, "평화" 축을 평가한다. II장에서는 "평화" 축이 약했던 원인과 그 처방들을 검토한다. III장에서는 아세안 및 한국의 해적행위 대응접근법을 조사한다. 본 논문은 전체적인 프레임워크와 지역별 사례들을 분석함으로써, 지역별 해적행위 대응의 장단점을 제시한다. 이러한 분석을 기초로, IV장에서는 해적행위 대응 협력을 NSP의 "평화" 축에 통합하는 방법을 제안한다. 본 연구의 의의는, 한국 NSP의 "평화" 축을 강화하기 위한 구체적인 협력 분야(해적행위대응)를 식별했다는 것에 있다. 두 당사자의 해적행위 대응 분야 과거 및 현재 경험에 관한 종합연구를 기초로 이를 식별함으로써, 맥락에 부합하도록 한다. 또한, 본 연구는 현실적인 협력 메커니즘을 제안하고, 기존 NSP 프레임워크에 그것을 통합하는 방법을 고찰한다. 이러한 접근법은 사례 특정적인, 정책 지향적 해법을 도출하지 못한 기존 문헌들과는 다르다. COVID-19 팬데믹으로 해적행위 문제는 악화되었고, 지정학적 갈등은 심화되었다. 이렇게 험한 바다는 조심스럽게 헤쳐나가야 한다. "평화" 증진의 열쇠는 이런 바다의 해적들을 퇴치하는 것에 있다.

Keywords

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