Steel and Composite Structures

  • 제37권5호
  • /
  • Pages.571-587
  • /
  • 2020
  • /
  • 1229-9367(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1598-6233(eISSN)
테크노프레스 (Techno-Press)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Experimental and analytical study in determining the seismic performance of the ELBRF-E and ELBRF-B braced frames

  • Jouneghani, Habib Ghasemi (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University) ;
  • Haghollahi, Abbas (Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University)
  • 투고 : 2020.02.21
  • 심사 : 2020.11.17
  • 발행 : 2020.12.10
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

In this article the seismic demand and performance of two recent braced steel frames named steel moment frames with the elliptic bracing (ELBRFs) are assessed through a laboratory program and numerical analyses of FEM. Here, one of the specimens is without connecting bracket from the corner of the frame to the elliptic brace (ELBRF-E), while the other is with the connecting brackets (ELBRF-B). In both the elliptic braced moment resisting frames (ELBRFs), in addition to not having any opening space problem in the bracing systems when installed in the surrounding frames, they improve structure's behavior. The experimental test is run on ½ scale single-story single-bay ELBRF specimens under cyclic quasi-static loading and compared with X-bracing and SMRF systems in one story base model. This system is of appropriate stiffness and a high ductility, with an increased response modification factor. Moreover, its energy dissipation is high. In the ELBRF bracing systems, there exists a great interval between relative deformation at the yield point and maximum relative deformation after entering the plastic region. In other words, the distance from the first plastic hinge to the collapse of the structure is fairly large. The experimental outcomes here, are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.

키워드

과제정보

This study is supported by the Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, (SRTTU). The support and assistance of the structural laboratory specialists of the SRTTU are acknowledged and appreciated.

참고문헌

  1. AISC 360-10 (2010), "Specification for Structural Steel Buildings", American Institute of Steel Construction, Chicago, IL.
  2. Alavi, E. and Nateghi. F. (2013), "Experimental study on diagonally stiffened steel plate shear walls with central perforation", J. Constr. Steel Res., 89, 9-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.06.005.
  3. Applied Technology Council (1992), "Guidelines for cyclic seismic testing of component of steel structures", Redwood City, CA: ATC-24.
  4. ASTM A 370-05, SA 370 (2005), "Test methods and definitions for mechanical testing of steel products", Am. Soc. Test Mater., 1-47.
  5. Balendra, T., Sam, M.T., Liaw, C.Y. and Lee, S.L. (1991), "Preliminary studies into the behavior of knee braced frames subject to seismic loading", J. Eng. Struct., 13, 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0296(91)90010-A.
  6. Bastami, M. and Jaza, R.A. (2018), "Development of Eccentrically Interconnected Braced Frame (EIC-BF) for seismic regions", J. Thin-Wall. Struct., 131, 451-463. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2018.07.021.
  7. Baijian, B., Fuxing, Z., Yi, W. and Fei, W. (2016), "Effect of pre-stressed cable on pre-stressed mega-braced steel frame", J. Struct. Eng. Mech., 59(2), 327-341. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2016.59.2.327.
  8. Bosco, M., Marino, E.M. and Rossi, P.P. (2016), "Influence of modelling of steel link beams on the seismic response of EBFs", J. Eng. Struct., 127, 459-474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.08.062.
  9. Chikh, B., Mehani, Y. and Leblouba., M. (2016), "Simplified procedure for seismic demands assessment of structures", J. Struct. Eng. Mech., 59(3), 455-473. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2016.59.3.455.
  10. Erochko, J. and Christopoulos, C. (2013), "Robert Tremblay and Hyung-Joon Kim (2013) "Shake table testing and numerical simulation of a self-centering energy dissipative braced frame", J. Earth. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 42, 1617-1635. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2290.
  11. Fanaie, N., Aghajani S. and Dizaj. E.A. (2016), "Strengthening of moment-resisting frame using cable-cylinder bracing", J. Adv. Struct. Eng., 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433216649382.
  12. Fanaie, N. and Dizaj, E.A. (2014), "Response modification factor of the frames braced with reduced yielding segment BRB", Struct. Eng. Mech., 50(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2014.50.1.001.
  13. Fanaie, N., Aghajani, S. and Afsar Dizaj, E. (2016), "Strengthening of moment-resisting frame using cable-cylinder bracing", J. Adv. Struct. Eng., 19(11), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433216649382.
  14. Fanaie, N. and Ezzatshoar, S. (2014), "Studying the seismic behavior of gate braced frames by incremental dynamic analysis (IDA)", J. Constr. Steel Res., 99, 111-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.04.008.
  15. FEMA (2000), (Federal Emergency Management Agency), Commentary for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, FEMA-356, Washington, DC.
  16. FEMA (2001), "Seismic design criteria for new moment-resisting steel frame construction", Federal Emergency Management Agency Report No. 350.
  17. Ghasemi, J.H., Haghollahi, A., Moghaddam, H. and Sarvghad Moghadam, A.R. (2016), "Study of the seismic performance of steel frames in the elliptic bracing", JVE Int. LTD. J. Vibroeng.. 5, 2974-2985. https://doi.org/10.21595/jve.2016.16858.
  18. Ghasemi, J.H., Haghollahi, A., Moghaddam, H. and Sarvghad Moghadam, A.R. (2016), "Assessing seismic performance of elliptic braced moment resisting frame through pushover method". J. Rehabilitation in Civil Eng. (JRCE). 2, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.22075/JRCE.2018.13030.1232.
  19. Ghasemi, J.H. and Haghollahi, A. (2020), "Assessing the seismic behavior of Steel Moment Frames equipped by elliptical brace through incremental dynamic analysis (IDA)", J. Earth. Eng. Eng. Vib. (EEEV), 19(2), 435-449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-020-0572-z.
  20. Gelinas, A., Tremblay, R. and Davaran, A. (2012), "Seismic behavior of steel HSS X-bracing of the conventional construction category", Proceedings of the ASCE/SEI Structures Congress, March 29-31, Chicago, IL.
  21. Hibbitt, Karlsson, & Sorenson, Inc., (HKS) (2001), ABAQUS/Explicit User's Manual. Version 6.2, Hibbitt, Karlsson, & Sorenson Inc., Pawtucket, Rhode Island.
  22. IBC (International Building Code) (2015), Structure Engineering Design Provision.
  23. Jalali Larijani, R., Dashti Nasserabadi, H. and Aghayan, I. (2017), "Progressive collapse analysis of buildings with concentric and eccentric braced frames", Struct. Eng. Mech., 61(6), 755-763. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.61.6.755.
  24. Khorami, M., Khorami, M., Motahar, H., Alvansazyazdi, M., Shariati, M., Jalali A. and Tahir, M.M. (2017), "Evaluation of the seismic performance of special moment frames using incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis", Struct. Eng. Mech., 63(2), 259-268. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.63.2.259.
  25. Krawinkler, H. and Seneviratna, G. (1998), "Pros and cons of a pushover analysis of seismic performance evaluation", J. Struct. Eng., 20, 452-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(97)00092-8.
  26. Li, Z. and Shu, G. (2019), "Hysteresis characterization and identification of the normalized Bouc-Wen model", Struct. Eng. Mech., 70(2), 209-219. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2019.70.2.209.
  27. Lubell, A.S. (2001), "Performance of un-stiffened steel plate shear walls under cyclic quasi-static loading", M.A. Sc.
  28. Martinelli, L., Mulas, M.G. and Perotti, F. (1996), "The seismic response of concentrically braced moment resisting steel frames", J. Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 25, 1275-1299. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)109-69845(199611)25:11<1275::AID-EQE616>3.0.CO;2-U.
  29. Naderpour, M.N. and Aghakouchak, A. (2018), "Probabilistic damage assessment of concentrically braced frames with built up braces", J. Constr. Steel Res., 147, 191-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.04.011.
  30. Newmark, N.M. and Hall, W.J. (1982), Earthquake spectra and design. El Cerrito, Calif: J. Earthq. Eng. Res. Institute.
  31. Palazzo, G.; LUpez-Almansa, F.; Cahis, X. and Crisafulli, F. (2009), "A low-tech dissipative buckling restrained brace. Design, analysis, production and testing", J. Eng. Struct., 31, 2152-2161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.03.015.
  32. Roeder, C.W. and Popov, E.P. (1977), "Inelastic behavior of eccentrically braced steel frames under cyclic loadings, NASA", STI/Recon Technical Report N 78, 1977.
  33. Maryam Samimifar, M., Massumi, A. and Moghadam, A.S. (2019), "A new practical equivalent linear model for estimating seismic hysteretic energy demand of bilinear systems", Struct. Eng. Mech., 70(3), 289-301. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2019.70.3.289.
  34. Shen, J., Wen, R. and Akbas, B. (2015), "Mechanisms in two-story X-braced frames", J. Constr. Steel Res, 106, 258-277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2014.12.014.
  35. Shin, D.H. and Kim, H.J. (2016), "Influential properties of hysteretic energy dissipating devices on collapse capacities of frames", J. Constr. Steel Res., 123, 93-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2016.04.022.
  36. Shin, J., Lee, K., Jeong, S.H., Lee, H.S. and Kim, J.K. (2012), "Experimental and analytical studies on buckling-restrained knee bracing systems with channel sections", Int. J. Steel Struct., 12, 93-106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-012-1009-Y.
  37. Shokouhian, M., Sadeghi R. and Ozbakkaloglu, T. (2012), "The buckling behaviour of Knee frames (KBF)", Proceedings of the Conference: Australasian Structural Engineering Conference (ASEC).
  38. Tremblay, R., Archambault, M.H. and Filiatrault, A. (2003), "Seismic response of concentrically braced steel frames made with rectangular hollow bracing members", J. Struct. Eng., 129, 1626-1636. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:12(1626).
  39. Uange, C.M. (1991), "Establishing R (or Rw) and Cd factors for building seismic provisions", J. Struct. Eng., 117, 19-28. https://doi.org10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1991)117:1(19).
  40. Vetr, M.G., Riahi Nouri, A. and Kalantari, A. (2016), "Seismic evaluation of rocking structures through performance assessment and fragility analysis", J. Earthq. Eng. Eng. Vib. (EEEV), 15, 115-127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11803-016-0309-1.
  41. Wang, C.L., Liu, Y. and Wu, J. (2018), "Development of a new partially restrained energy dissipater: Experimental and numerical analyses", J. Constr. Steel Res., 147, 367-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2018.04.023.
  42. Wang, C.L., Liu, Y., Zhang, X. and Wu, J. (2019), "Experimental investigation of a precast concrete connection with all-steel bamboo-shaped energy dissipaters", J. Eng. Struct., 178, 298-308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.10.046.
  43. Wongpakdee, N., Leelataviwat, S., Goel, S.C. and Liao, W.C. (2014), "Performance-based design and collapse evaluation of buckling restrained knee braced truss moment frames". J. Eng. Struct., 60, 23-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.12.014.
  44. Xu, L.; Fan, X.W. and Li, Z.X. (2016), "Development and experimental verification of a pre-pressed spring self-centering energy dissipation brace", J. Eng. Struct., 127, 49-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.08.043.
  45. Xu, L., Fan, X.W. and Li, Z.X. (2017), "Cyclic behavior and failure mechanism of self-centering energy dissipation braces with pre-pressed combination disc springs". J. Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 46(7), 1065-1080. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2844.
  46. Xu, L.H., Xie, X.S. and Li, Z.X. (2018), "Development and experimental study of a self-centering variable damping energy dissipation brace", J. Eng. Struct., 160, 270-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.01.051.
  47. Xu, L.H., Xie, X.S. and Li, Z.X. (2018) "A self-centering brace with superior energy dissipation capability: development and experimental study". J. Smart Mater. Struct., 27(9), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/aad5b0.
  48. Xu, L., Fan, X., Lu, D. and., Li, Z. (2016), "Hysteretic behavior studies of self-centering energy dissipation bracing system", Steel Compos Struct., 20(6), 697-711. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/scs.2016.20.6.1205.
  49. Xu, L., Li, Z. and Lv, Y. (2014), "Nonlinear seismic damage control of steel frame-steel plate shear wall structures using MR dampers", Eart. Syruct., 7(6), 697-711. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2014.7.6.937.
  50. Yahmi, D., Branci, T., Bouchaïr, A. and Fournely, E. (2017), "Evaluation of behaviour factors of steel moment-resisting frames using standard pushover method", J. Procedia Eng., 199, 397-403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.130.
  51. Yoo, J.H., Lehman, D.E. and Roeder, C.W. (2008), "Influence of connection design parameters on the seismic performance of braced frames", J. Constr. Steel Res., 64, 607-623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2007.11.005.