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Characteristics of Expression according to Iron Oxide Content in Ceramic Glaze

도자기 유약 내 철산화물 함량에 따른 흑유 발현 특성

  • Choi, Jae Won (Radpion) ;
  • Han, Min Su (Department of Cultural Heritage Conservation Science, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage)
  • 최재원 ((주)라드피온) ;
  • 한민수 (한국전통문화대학교 문화유산전문대학원)
  • Received : 2020.09.15
  • Accepted : 2020.10.06
  • Published : 2020.10.20

Abstract

We observed changes in the properties of the glaze layer according to the content of iron oxide and inferred the composition, content, and environment of the materials used in the past during the production process of black ware. First, experiments were conducted using different ratios of iron oxide, feldspar, calcite, and ash at different temperatures and firing environments; the characteristics of glaze were classified into five groups in the oxidation environment. Different properties were identified in the reducing environment above 1200℃. The crystal identified in the experiment was similar to the glaze characteristics in the excavated black ware. The crystal phase appeared in four groups: band shape, circular, arborescent phase, and needle crystal, depending on the change in the content of iron oxide. However, the difference in crystals did not appear significantly at high temperatures. In addition, crystals of glaze were divided into two groups depending on the component ratio. The presence or absence of feldspar is thought to affect crystallinity and amorphous iron oxide and the changes in the glaze layer changed substantially depending on the amount of iron oxide. In particular, it was confirmed that the aspects of iron oxide in the oxidation and reduction environments were different and, therefore, crystallization due to the firing environment also affected the optical characteristics.

본 연구는 도자기 유약 내 철산화물의 함량에 따라 유약층에서 나타나는 미세조직적 특성변화의 비교분석을 통해 과거 흑유자기들의 제작 과정에서 사용된 재료의 성분 함량과 제작 방법을 유추해보고자 하였다. 먼저 산화철과 장석, 석회석, 참나무재의 성분비를 달리한 유약을 사용하여 온도와 소성조건을 달리한 재현시편을 제작하였고, 색차와 단면관찰, 성분분석, 결정구조분석을 통해 발현 특성을 알아내고자 하였다. 분석 결과 산화조건에서는 유약의 특성이 5개 그룹으로 분류된 것을 관찰할 수 있었으며, 1200℃ 이상의 환원환경에서는 각자 다른 양상의 유약 특성을 확인하였다. 실험을 통해 확인한 결정형태는 출토 흑유자기에서 나타나는 유약특성과 유사한 것을 확인하였다. 철 산화물의 농도 변화에 따라서도 산화조건에서는 결정상이 띠모양, 원형, 수지상, 침상 등 4개의 그룹으로 나타났으나, 고온에서는 결정의 차이가 크게 나타나지 않았다. 또한 성분비에 따라서 유약의 결정상이 2개의 그룹으로 나뉘었다. 이는 장석의 유무가 결정성과 무정형의 철산화물을 만드는데 영향을 주는 것으로 판단되며, 이들의 양에 따라서도 단면에서 나타나는 변화 양상이 극명하게 달라졌다. 특히 산화조건과 환원환경에서 나타나는 철산화물의 조직 양상이 다르게 나타나는 것으로 보아 소성조건으로 인한 결정상 또한 광학적으로 나타나는 발색특성에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

Keywords

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