Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters (한국미생물·생명공학회지)

The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnology (한국미생물·생명공학회)
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A Comprehensive Study of SARS-CoV-2: From 2019-nCoV to COVID-19 Outbreak

  • Waris, Abdul (Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University) ;
  • Ali, Muhammad (Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University) ;
  • Khan, Atta Ullah (Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand Chakdara) ;
  • Ali, Asmat (Centre for Human Genetics, Hazara University Mansehra) ;
  • Baset, Abdul (Department of Zoology, Bacha Khan University Charsadda)
  • Received : 2020.04.17
  • Accepted : 2020.07.23
  • Published : 2020.09.28
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Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious pneumonia that has spread throughout the world. It is caused by a novel, single stranded RNA virus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Genetic analysis revealed that, phylogenetically, the SARS-CoV-2 is related to severe acute respiratory syndrome-like viruses seen in bats. Because of this, bats are considered as a possible primary reservoir. The World Health Organization has declared the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. As of May 27, 2020, more than 5,406,282 confirmed cases, and 343,562 confirmed deaths have been reported worldwide. Currently, there are no approved vaccines or antiviral drugs available against COVID-19. Newly developed vaccines are in the first stage of clinical trials, and it may take a few months to a few years for their commercialization. At present, remdesivir and chloroquine are the promising drugs for treating COVID-19 patients. In this review, we summarize the diversity, genetic variations, primary reservoirs, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment strategies, and future prospects with respect to controlling the spread of COVID-19.

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