DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Analysis of Scattering Rays and Shielding Efficiency through Lead Shielding for 0.511 MeV Gamma Rays Based on Skin Dose

피부선량을 기준으로 0.511 MeV 감마선에 대한 납 차폐체의 산란선 및 차폐 효율 분석

  • Jang, Dong-Gun (Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Dongnam Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences Cancer center) ;
  • Park, Eun-Tae (Dept. of Radiation Oncology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University)
  • 장동근 (동남권원자력의학원 핵의학과) ;
  • 박은태 (인제대학교 부산백병원 방사선종양학과)
  • Received : 2020.07.17
  • Accepted : 2020.08.21
  • Published : 2020.08.31

Abstract

Radiation causes radiation hazards in the human body. In Korea, a case of radiation necrosis occurred in 2014. In this study, the scatter and shielding efficiency according to lead shielding were classified into epidermis and dermis for 0.511 MeV used in nuclear medicine. In this study, experiments were conducted using the slab phantom that represents calibration and the dose of human trunk. Experimental results showed that the shielding rate of 0.25 mmPb was 180% in the epidermis and 96% in the dermis. Shielding at 0.5mmPb showed shielding rates of 158%in the epidermis and 82% in the dermis. As a result of measuring the absorbed dose by subdividing the thickness of the dermis into 0.5 mm intervals, when the shielding was carried out at 0.25 mmPb, the dose appeared to be about 120% at 0.5 mm of the dermis surface, and the dose was decreased at the subsequent depth. Shielding at 0.5 mmPb, the dose appeared to be about 101% at the surface 0.5 mm, and the dose was measured to decrease at the subsequent depth. This result suggests that when lead aprons are actually used, the scattering rays would be sufficiently removed due to the spaces generated by the clothes and air, Therefore, the scattered ray generated from lead will not reach the human body. The ICRU defines the epidermis (0.07), in which the radiation-induced damage of the skin occurs, as the dose equivalent. If the radiation dose of the dermis is considered in addition, it will be helpful for the evaluation of the prognosis for radiation hazard of the skin.

Keywords

References

  1. Srinivasan D, Than KD, Wang AC, La Marca F, Wang PI, Schermerhorn TC, et al. Radiation safety and spine surgery: Systematic review of exposure limits and methods to minimize radiation exposure. World Neurosurgery. 2014;82(6):1337-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2014.07.041
  2. Deb P, Jamison R, Mong L, UP. An evaluation of the shielding effectiveness of lead aprons used in clinics for protection against ionising radiation from novel radioisotopes. Radiat Prot Dosim. 2015;165(1-4):443-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncv065
  3. He X, Zhao R, Rong L, Yao K, Chen S, Wei B. Answers to if the lead aprons are really helpful in nuclear medicine from the perspective of spectroscopy. Radiat Prot Dosim. 2017;174(4):558-64.
  4. Heggie J, Bigg-Wither G, Bowan S. Safety guide for radiation protection diagnostic and interventional radiology. Radiation Protection Series Publication; 2008: 1-68.
  5. Holst JP, Burman KD, Atkins F, Umans JG, Jonklaas J. Radioiodine therapy for thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. Thyroid. 2005;15(12):1321-31. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2005.15.1321
  6. Leide-Svegborn S. Radiation exposure of patients and personnel from a PET/CT procedure with 18F-FDG. Radiat Prot Dosim. 2010;139(1-3):208-13. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncq026
  7. Dale LB, David WT, Peter EV, Michael NM. Positron Emission Tomography. Springer; 2005: 251-265.
  8. Hopewell JW. The skin: Its structure and response to ionizing radiation. Int J Radiat Biol. 1990;57(4):751-73. https://doi.org/10.1080/09553009014550911
  9. Shim DM, Kim YM, Oh SK, Lim CM, Kown BT. Radiation induced hand necrosis of an orthopaedic surgeon who had treated a patient with fluoroscopy-guided spine injection. Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association. 2014;49(3):250-4. https://doi.org/10.4055/jkoa.2014.49.3.250
  10. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements. Conversion coefficients for use in radiological protection against external radiation. ICRU Publication 57; 1998.
  11. International Commission on Radiation Protection. Conversion coefficients for use in radiological protection against external radiation. ICRP Publication 74; 1996.
  12. International Commission on Radiation Protection. Adult reference computational phantoms. ICRP Publication 110; 2009.
  13. International Commission on Radiation Protection. Basic Aanatomical and Physiological Data for use in Radiological Protection: Reference Values. ICRP Publication 89; 2002.
  14. Aminian M, Bakhshandeh M, Allahbakhshian-Farsani M, Bakhshandeh E, Shakeri N. Comparison of the protection performance in a composite shield and a lead standard shield in terms of biological effects in nuclear medicine. Iranian Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 2017;25(2):129-35.
  15. Young AM. Dose rates in nuclear medicine and the effectiveness of lead aprons: Updating the department's knowledge on old and new procedures. Nucl Med Commun. 2013;34(3):254-64. https://doi.org/10.1097/MNM.0b013e32835c91d5
  16. Jang DG, Kang S, Kim J, Kim C. An analysis of exposure dose on hands of radiation workers using a Monte Carlo simulation in nuclear medicine. Journal of Radiological Science and Technology. 2015;38(4):477-82. https://doi.org/10.17946/JRST.2015.38.4.18
  17. Jang DG, Lee SH, Choi HS, Son JC, Yoon CY, Ji YS, et al. A study on the apron shielding ratio according to electromagnetic radiation energy. Journal of Radiological Science and Technology. 2014;37(4):247-52.
  18. Hejazi P, Sohrabi MAHDI. Staff radiation doses associated with nuclear procedures and efficacy of syringe shield for reduction dose. Koomesh. 2001;2(2):117-22.
  19. Moore B, VanSonnenberg E, Casola G, Novelline RA. The relationship between back pain and lead apron use in radiologists. Am J Roentgenol. 1992;158(1):191-3. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.158.1.1530763