한국조경학회지 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture)

  • 제48권3호
  • /
  • Pages.54-65
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  • 2020
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  • 1225-1755(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2288-9566(eISSN)
한국조경학회 (The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture)
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운동공원으로서 철도공원의 변화와 의의

Transition of Cheoldo Park and Its Significance as Sports Park

  • 김영민 (서울시립대학교 조경학과) ;
  • 조세호 ((주)싸이트플래닝건축사사무소)
  • Kim, Youngmin (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, University of Seoul) ;
  • Cho, Seho (Siteplanning Architects Co., Ltd.)
  • 투고 : 2020.03.30
  • 심사 : 2020.06.30
  • 발행 : 2020.06.30
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초록

본 연구는 그동안 잘 알려지지 않았던 철도공원의 연혁, 이용행태, 공간적 변화를 파악하고, 공원계획 의미를 운동공원의 개념을 중심으로 고찰하였다. 연구는 철도공원이 일제강점기에 최초로 신규 계획 조성된 공원이면서 공식적인 계획도서에서 계획 공원으로 편입되어 여러 차례 명칭과 영역이 변경된다는 사실에 주목한다. 이는 철도공원의 변화가 중요한 계획적 개념의 변화를 반영한다는 것을 의미한다. 철도공원에 대한 분석은 공간적, 이용적 특징과 계획적 의미로 나누어 진행하였다. 공원 이용의 행태는 주로 당시의 공원과 관련된 신문기사와 사진의 분석을 통해 물리적 특징과 공간적 변화는 도시계획서 내용과 부도 및 지도 자료, 항공사진을 시기별로 분석하여 파악하였다. 계획적 의미는 도시계획서와 부도에 나타난 철도공원의 변화를 운동공원의 관점에서 분석하였다. 1915년 개설된 철도공원은 철도국 용산관사단지의 부대시설로 조성되었으나, 1925년 경성부 공원으로 편입되면서 일제강점기에 종합운동경기장의 역할을 하였다. 1930년 공원계획에서 운동공원의 유형이 등장하지만, 프로그램적 성격이 명확하게 나타나지는 않았으며, 운동공원으로서 철도공원의 중요성은 주목받지 못했다. 1930년대에 운동공원이 계획적으로 일반공원과는 다른 프로그램적 성격의 공원으로 인식되면서 철도공원을 확대하여 운동공원으로 만들기 위한 시도가 나타난다. 1940년의 계획안에서 철도공원은 이촌공원으로 재편되어 경성의 중요한 대형 공원이자 운동공원으로 계획된다. 철도공원은 근대 공원계획이 양적인 계획에서 프로그램을 고려한 질적 공원계획으로 변화하는 과정에서 중요한 역할을 하였으며, 여러 제약 속에서 근대 공원계획을 구현할 수 있는 현실적인 모델로서의 가능성을 제시하였다.

This study examines history, usage, and spatial change of Cheoldo Park and its significance in the park planning in the Japanese colonial period focusing on the concept of a sports park. Cheoldo Park was verified as the first newly planned park built during the Japanese colonial period and continuously appeared in the official planning documents with different names and areas as a new planned park. This suggest that changes of Cheoldo Park reveal the important conceptual transition in the park planning. Activities in the park were understood by analyzing news paper articles and pictures, while spatial changes of the park were analyzed through maps and aerial photos. Changes in a park planning process were examined through analyzing the planning documents and maps. Cheoldo Park was opened in 1915 as a supporting facility of the Yongsan rail company residence complex. As Cheoldo Park became one of the urban parks of Gyeongseong in 1925, it had functioned as one of the main sports complexes of Gyeongseong. Although a sports park was suggested as a new type of urban park in the 1930's park plan, the programmatic aspect of a sports park was not distinctly defined yet. Cheoldo Park was not regarded as a sports park in the 1930's park plan. As a sports park was distinguished from other types of urban parks pro grammatically in the 1930s, the city tried to transform Cheoldo Park into a sports park. In the park plan of 1940, with major spatial expansion, Cheoldo Park became Ichon Park to be a main large park and sports park of Gyeongseong. Cheoldo Park contributed to the establishing a new direction of modern park planning, shifting from planning focus on quantitative improvement to qualitative improvement of urban parks. It also provided a realistic model to implement the park plans to overcome various limitations of the Japanese colonial period.

키워드

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