Korean small business review (중소기업연구)

The Korean Association of Small Business studies (한국중소기업학회)
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A prototype model of entrepreneur: Historical context and anthropological approach

기업가(起業家)의 20가지 모습: 역사적 맥락과 문화인류학적 관점

  • 이춘우 (서울시립대학교 경영대학)
  • Received : 2020.05.08
  • Accepted : 2020.06.05
  • Published : 2020.06.30
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Abstract

The concepts of entrepreneurship are very various. So many researchers are confused or not sure of the concepts of entrepreneurship. Likewise, the concept of entrepreneur are very various, and confused of the concepts of entrepreneur. This study try to set a comprehensive conceptual model of concepts of entrepreneurs. This model suggest a prototype model of entrepreneur with historical context and anthropological approach.

본 연구는 기업가(起業家)의 모습에 대해 역사적 상황 맥락과 문화인류학적 관점에서 20가지 모습을 도출하였다. 종래 기업가에 대한 논의는 기업가를 자연인(개인)으로 전제하여 이루어졌다. 그 결과 기업가는 자기 자신만의 사적 이익만을 추구하는 존재로 다루어졌다. 이러한 시각과 논의는 반기업(反企業) 정서가 형성되도록 하는 근본적인 원인으로 작용하고 있으며, 기업가(起業家)나 기업인(企業人)에 대한 부정적인 태도를 형성시켜 기업가정신(起業家精神)을 위축시키고 있다. 본 연구는 기업가도 역사적 맥락 속에서 사회와 상호작용하는 관계 속에 있는 존재라는 점에 초점을 두어, '기업(enterprise)'이 출현하기 이전과 이후 시대에서 경제적 재화의 생산자 역할을 수행한 사회적 계층들로부터 공통된 기업가의 모습을 고찰하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 역사적 맥락과 문화인류학적 관점을 채택하였다. 연구결과 기업가는 '시대의 새로운 기준을 제시하는 경영철학자'의 모습과, 미래를 간파하는 선구자(선각자, 선도자, 비전제시자, 꿈꾸는 자)의 모습, 사회적 맥락 측면에서 '세상을 더 좋은 세상으로 바꾸려는 사회공헌자', '고정관념이나 통념을 깨는 역발상 아이디어맨이자 통념거부자', '혁신가(창조적 파괴자)', '무에서 유를 창조하는 발명가(개발자, 제조자, 건설자)'의 모습을 보인다. 사업 맥락 측면에서는 '적절한 위험을 감수하는 도전자', '미지의 세계에 대한 호기심 강한 탐험가', '몰입하고 파고드는 매니아(매니악)'이다. 조직 맥락 측면에서는 '현장 실전 중시형 리더, 신뢰 신용을 최고가치로 숭상하는 대표 책임자'이며, 시장 맥락 측면에서는 '상업적 거래관계의 기회포착역량과 사업감각을 지닌 사업가', '호혜적 이익 거래자'이며, 자기자신 측면에서 기업가는 '자수성가형 인간', '긍정적 사고방식의 문제해결사이면서 불굴의 집념을 발휘하는 역경극복자', '원대한 목표 추구하는 야심가'이다. 역사적 사회문화적 맥락속에서 기업가와 상호작용하는 관계 측면에서의 기업가의 모습에 대한 논의는 반기업 또는 반기업가 정서를 조금이라도 완화시킬 수 있는 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Keywords

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