Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회논문지)

The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society (한국산학기술학회)
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The Determinants of Korean Manufacturing Firms' Innovative Activity: Do Firm Size and Appropriabilities Matter?

한국 제조업체의 혁신활동 결정요인: 기업규모와 전유성의 역할

  • Received : 2019.09.24
  • Accepted : 2020.02.07
  • Published : 2020.02.29
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Abstract

This study empirically examined how a firm size affects the determinants of innovative activities using the data of the Korean Innovation Survey (KIS) 2016. With data from 2,003 firms in the manufacturing sector, we performed logistic regression analysis and zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis. R&D expenditure and patent applications were used as proxies for innovative activity. The independent variables included the firm's characteristics variables such as the firm's age, tech-level industry, RDemp (R&D employee ratio), venture, export, and industrial characteristics variables such as networking, appropriability, and spillovers. The empirical findings are that there are some differences in firms' innovative activity determinants among the firms' size groups. Next, strategic appropriability has negative impacts on small firms' R&D expenditure and medium-firms' patents. Networking is an important determinant of innovative activity for all firms, except for large firms. Furthermore, in deciding R&D activities, small and medium-sized firms were significantly influenced by industrial characteristics as compared to that of large firms. Our findings suggest some R&D promotion policies. Policies fostering firms' technological interaction would allow firms to take advantage of technological spillovers and thus raise the probability of investing in R&D.

본 연구는 기업규모와 전유성 등의 기술전략이 기업 혁신활동을 결정짓는 데 대한 영향을 실증적으로 분석해보았다. 한국기술혁신조사(KIS)의 2016년 2,003개 제조업체의 자료로 로짓회귀모형과 영과잉음이항회귀를 활용하였다. R&D 지출과 특허출원이 혁신활동의 성과를 나타내는 변수로서 이용되었다. 설명변수로서는 기업의 특성을 나타내는 기업 나이, 기술수준별 산업구분, R&D 종사자수, 벤처기업여부, 수출여부, 그리고 산업 전유 특성을 타나내는 네트워크, 전유방법, Spillover를 설정하였다. 우선, 실증적인 분석결과는 전반적으로 기업의 규모에 따라 혁신활동 결정요인이 다르게 나타남을 보여주고 있다. 더욱이 혁신활동을 결정짓는 데에, 중소기업은 대기업보다 산업의 특성에 의해 유의미하게 영향을 받았다. 규모가 작은 신생기업, 벤처기업, 혹은 수도권 소재기업일 때 혁신활동에 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 전략적 전유는 소기업 R&D 지출과 중기업의 특허출원 성과에 부정적인 영향을 미치고 있다. 다른 기업 또는 산업 간의 네트워크는 대기업을 제외한 기업들에서 혁신활동을 결정짓는 중요한 결정요인으로 나타나고 있다. 기업간의 기술적 상호작용은 기술 spillover과 혁신활동의 가능성을 높일 수 있으나, 이 성과는 기업 규모와 산업 특성에 따라 다르게 나타날 수 있음을 보여준다.

Keywords

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