References
- de Veer MJ, Kemp JM, Meeusen EN. 2007. The innate host defence against nematode parasites. Parasite Immunol. 29: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3024.2006.00910.x
- Zimmerman LM, Vogel LA, Bowden RM. 2010. Understanding the vertebrate immune system: insights from the reptilian perspective. J. Exp. Biol. 213: 661-671. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.038315
- Mosser DM, Edwards JP. 2008. Exploring the full spectrum of macrophage activation. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 8: 958-969. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri2448
- Ocana-Guzman R, Vazquez-Bolanos L, Sada-Ovalle I. 2018. Receptors that inhibit macrophage activation: mechanisms and signals of regulation and tolerance. J. Immunol. Res. 2018: 8695157.
- Arango Duque G, Descoteaux A. 2014. Macrophage cytokines: involvement in immunity and infectious diseases. Front. Immunol. 5: 491.
- Wang H, Wang M, Chen J, Tang Y, Dou J, Yu J, et al. 2011. A polysaccharide from Strongylocentrotus nudus eggs protects against myelosuppression and immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide-treated mice. Int. Immunopharmacol. 11: 1946-1953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2011.06.006
- Sistigu A, Viaud S, Chaput N, Bracci L, Proietti E, Zitvogel L. 2011. Immunomodulatory effects of cyclophosphamide and implementations for vaccine design. Semin. Immunopathol. 33: 369-383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00281-011-0245-0
- Motoyoshi Y, Kaminoda K, Saitoh O, Hamasaki K, Nakao K, Ishii N, et al. 2006. Different mechanisms for anti-tumor effects of low- and high-dose cyclophosphamide. Oncol. Rep. 16: 141-146.
- Atsamo AD, Nguelefack TB, Datte JY, Kamanyi A. 2011. Acute and subchronic oral toxicity assessment of the aqueous extract from the stem bark of Erythrina senegalensis DC (Fabaceae) in rodents. J. Ethnopharmacol. 134: 697-702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.01.023
- El-Abasy M, Motobu M, Nakamura K, Koge K, Onodera T, Vainio O, et al. 2004. Preventive and therapeutic effects of sugar cane extract on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in chickens. Int. Immunopharmacol. 4: 983-990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2004.01.019
- Wang J, Tong X, Li P, Cao H, Su W. 2012. Immunoenhancement effects of shenqi fuzheng injection on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in BALB/c mice. J. Ethnopharmacol. 139: 788-795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.12.019
- Gunther F, Wabnitz GH, Stroh P, Prior B, Obst U, Samstag Y, et al. 2009. Host defence against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms infection: Phagocytosis of biofilms by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). Mol. Immunol. 46: 1805-1813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2009.01.020
- Park TY, Hong MG, Sung H, Kim SY, Suk KT. 2017. Effect of Korean red ginseng in chronic liver disease. J. Ginseng Res. 41: 450-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2016.11.004
- Ernst E. 2010. Panax ginseng: An overview of the clinical evidence. J. Ginseng Res. 34: 259-263. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2010.34.4.259
- Lee NH, Son CG. 2011. Systematic review of randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of ginseng. J. Acupunct. Meridian Stud. 4: 85-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2005-2901(11)60013-7
- Kim JE, Monmai C, Rod-In W, Jang AY, You SG, Lee SM, et al. 2019. Immune enhancement effects of Codium fragile anionic macromolecules combined with red ginseng extract in immunesuppressed mice. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 29: 1361-1368. https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1905.05017
- Helms S. 2004. Cancer prevention and therapeutics: Panax ginseng. Altern. Med. Rev. 9: 259-274.
- Kim S, Lee Y, Cho J. 2014. Korean red ginseng extract exhibits neuroprotective effects through inhibition of apoptotic cell death. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 37: 938-946. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b13-00880
- Vuksan V, Sievenpipper J, Jovanovski E, Jenkins AL. 2010. Current clinical evidence for Korean red ginseng in management of diabetes and vascular disease: A Toronto's ginseng clinical testing program. J. Ginseng Res. 34: 264-273. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2010.34.4.264
- Kim SK, Park JH. 2011. Trends in ginseng research in 2010. J. Ginseng Res. 35: 389-398. https://doi.org/10.5142/jgr.2011.35.4.389
- Jung CH, Seog HM, Choi IW, Choi HD, Cho HY. 2005. Effects of wild ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) leaves on lipid peroxidation levels and antioxidant enzyme activities in streptozotocin diabetic rats. J. Ethnopharmacol. 98: 245-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.12.030
- Joo SS, Won TJ, Lee DI. 2005. Reciprocal activity of ginsenosides in the production of proinflammatory repertoire, and their potential roles in neuroprotection in vivo. Planta. Med. 71: 476-481. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-864145
-
Moon SM, Lee SA, Han SH, Park BR, Choi MS, Kim JS, et al. 2018. Aqueous extract of Codium fragile alleviates osteoarthritis through the MAPK/NF-
${\kappa}B$ pathways in IL-$1{\beta}$ -induced rat primary chondrocytes and a rat osteoarthritis model. Biomed. Pharmacother. 97: 264-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.130 - Kang CH, Choi YH, Park SY, Kim GY. 2012. Antiinflammatory effects of methanol extract of Codium fragile in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. J. Med. Food 15: 44-50. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2010.1540
- Lee C, Park GH, Ahn EM, Kim BA, Park CI, Jang JH. 2013. Protective effect of Codium fragile against UVB-induced proinflammatory and oxidative damages in HaCaT cells and BALB/c mice. Fitoterapia 86: 54-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.020
- Tabarsa M, Karnjanapratum S, Cho M, Kim JK, You S. 2013. Molecular characteristics and biological activities of anionic macromolecules from Codium fragile. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 59: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.04.022
- Monmai C, You S, Park WJ. 2019. Immune-enhancing effects of anionic macromolecules extracted from Codium fragile on cyclophosphamide-treated mice. PLoS One 14: e0211570. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0211570
- Reverter M, Bontemps N, Lecchini D, Banaigs B, Sasal P. 2014. Use of plant extracts in fish aquaculture as an alternative to chemotherapy: Current status and future perspectives. Aquaculture 433: 50-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.05.048
-
Sherif AH, Mahfouz ME. 2019. Immune status of Oreochromis niloticus experimentally infected with Aeromonas hydrophila following feeding with 1, 3
${\beta}$ -glucan and levamisole immunostimulants. Aquaculture 509: 40-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2019.05.016 - Sevag M, Lackman D, Smolens J. 1938. The isolation of the components of streptococcal nucleoproteins in serologically active form. J. Biol. Chem. 124: 425-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)74048-9
- Zhu XL, Chen AF, Lin ZB. 2007. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides enhance the function of immunological effector cells in immunosuppressed mice. J. Ethnopharmacol. 111: 219-226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2006.11.013
- Ray A, Dittel BN. 2010. Isolation of mouse peritoneal cavity cells. J. Vis. Exp. (35): e1488.
-
Green LC, Wagner DA, Glogowski J, Skipper PL, Wishnok JS, Tannenbaum SR. 1982. Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [
$^{15}N$ ]nitrate in biological fluids. Anal. Biochem. 126: 131-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(82)90118-X - Kim JK, Cho ML, Karnjanapratum S, Shin IS, You SG. 2011. In vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activity of sulfated polysaccharides from Enteromorpha prolifera. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 49: 1051-1058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.08.032
- Weeks BA, Keisler AS, Myrvik QN, Warinner JE. 1987. Differential uptake of neutral red by macrophages from three species of estuarine fish. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 11: 117-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-305X(87)90013-9
-
Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-
${\Delta}{\Delta}CT$ Method. Methods 25: 402-408. https://doi.org/10.1006/meth.2001.1262 - Manosroi A, Saraphanchotiwitthaya A, Manosroi J. 2003. Immunomodulatory activities of Clausena excavata Burm. f. wood extracts. J. Ethnopharmacol. 89: 155-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(03)00278-2
- Yoo SA, Kim OK, Nam DE, Kim YJ, Baek HY, Jun WJ, et al. 2014. Immunomodulatory effects of fermented Curcuma longa L. extracts on RAW264.7 cells. J. Korean Soc. Food Sci. Nutr. 43: 216-223. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.2.216
- Hirayama D, Iida T, Nakase H. 2017. The phagocytic function of macrophage-enforcing innate immunity and tissue homeostasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 19: 92-105. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19010092
- Rahat MA, Hemmerlein B. 2013. Macrophage-tumor cell interactions regulate the function of nitric oxide. Front. Physiol. 4: 144. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2013.00144
- Sotolongo J, Ruiz J, Fukata M. 2012. The role of innate immunity in the host defense against intestinal bacterial pathogens. Curr. Infect. Dis. Rep. 14: 15-23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-011-0234-4
- Navegantes KC, de Souza Gomes R, Pereira PAT, Czaikoski PG, Azevedo CHM, Monteiro MC. 2017. Immune modulation of some autoimmune diseases: the critical role of macrophages and neutrophils in the innate and adaptive immunity. J. Transl. Med. 15: 36-56. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-017-1141-8
- Zhu Q, Liao C, Liu Y, Wang P, Guo W, He M, Huang Z. 2012. Ethanolic extract and water-soluble polysaccharide from Chaenomeles speciosa fruit modulate lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide production in RAW264.7 macrophage cells. J. Ethnopharmacol. 144: 441-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.09.042
-
Hu SS, Bradshaw HB, Chen JS, Tan B, Walker JM. 2008. Prostaglandin E2 glycerol ester, an endogenous COX-2 metabolite of 2-arachidonoylglycerol, induces hyperalgesia and modulates
$NF{\kappa}B$ activity. Br. J. Pharmacol. 153: 1538-1549. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjp.2008.33 - Lee JH, Moon SH, Kim HS, Park E, Ahn DU, Paik HD. 2017. Immune-enhancing activity of phosvitin by stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory mediator. Poult. Sci. 96: 3872-3878. https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pex205
-
Xia Y, Zhai Q. 2010. IL-
$1{\beta}$ enhances the antibacterial activity of astrocytes by activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ . Glia 58: 244-252. https://doi.org/10.1002/glia.20921 - Seo SH, Webster RG. 2002. Tumor necrosis factor alpha exerts powerful anti-influenza virus effects in lung epithelial cells. J. Virol. 76: 1071-1076. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.76.3.1071-1076.2002
-
van Horssen R, Ten Hagen TL, Eggermont AM. 2006. TNF-
${\alpha}$ in cancer treatment: molecular insights, antitumor effects, and clinical utility. Oncologist 11: 397-408. https://doi.org/10.1634/theoncologist.11-4-397
Cited by
- Adaptogenic effects of Panax ginseng on modulation of immune functions vol.45, pp.1, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2020.09.004
- Korean Red Ginseng affects ovalbumin-induced asthma by modulating IL-12, IL-4, and IL-6 levels and the NF-κB/COX-2 and PGE2 pathways vol.45, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2020.10.001
- Echinacea purpurea Extract Enhances Natural Killer Cell Activity In Vivo by Upregulating MHC II and Th1-type CD4 + T Cell Responses vol.24, pp.10, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2021.k.0064